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===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{ja-pron}}
{{ja-pron}}
* Around {{w|Old Japanese|Old}}-{{w|Early Middle Japanese}} the pronunciation was likely either {{IPAchar|/t͡su/}}, {{IPAchar|/ʃu/}}, or {{IPAchar|/t͡ʃu/}}. The modern pronunciation came about during the {{w|Muromachi period}}.


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
Line 22: Line 23:


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
{{rfe|lang=ja}}
{{ja-spellings|為}}
From {{inh|ja|ojp|-}}.

====Verb====
⚫
{{ja-verb|type=3}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic}} to [[do]]

⚫
=====Conjugation=====
{{ja-conj-bungo||irreg-s}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|する|suru|pos=modern form}}

===Etymology 3===
Readings of various ''kanji''.


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 30: Line 46:
# {{ja-def|酢}} [[vinegar]]
# {{ja-def|酢}} [[vinegar]]
# {{ja-def|州}} [[sandbank]], [[sandbar]]
# {{ja-def|州}} [[sandbank]], [[sandbar]]

⚫
----

==Old Japanese==

===Etymology 1===
{{rfe|ojp}}


====Verb====
====Verb====
{{ja-verb|type=3|kyu=爲}}
{{head|ojp|verb|tr=su}}


# {{ja-def|為}} to [[do]]
# to [[do]]
# to [[happen]], [[occur]]
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|15|3624}}
#*: {{ux|ojp|和礼乃未夜欲布祢波許具登於毛敞礼婆於伎敞能可多爾可治能於等'''須'''奈里|tr=ware no<sub>2</sub>mi<sub>2</sub> ya yo<sub>1</sub>pune pa ko<sub>2</sub>gu to<sub>2</sub> omope<sub>1</sub>reba oki<sub>1</sub>pe<sub>1</sub> no<sub>2</sub> kata ni kadi no<sub>2</sub> oto<sub>2</sub> '''su''' nari}}
# to [[be]] in a [[state]] of something
# {{rfdef|ojp}}
#* {{RQ:Kojiki|20}}
#*: {{ux|ojp|佐韋賀波用久毛多知和多理宇泥備夜麻許能波佐夜芸奴加是布加牟登'''須'''|tr=Sawi-gapa yo<sub>1</sub> kumo<sub>1</sub> tatiwatari Unebi<sub>2</sub>-yama ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pa sayagi<sub>1</sub>nu kaze pukamu to<sub>2</sub> '''su'''}}


=====Conjugation=====
=====Conjugation=====
{{ja-conj-bungo||irreg-s}}
[[サ行変格活用|S-irregular]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! [[未然形|Irrealis]]
! [[連用形|Adverbial]]
! [[終止形|Conclusive]]
! [[連体形|Attributive]]
! [[已然形|Realis]]
! [[命令形|Imperative]]
|-
! [[為|s-]] "to do"
| s-e
| sh-i
| s-u
| s-uru
| s-ure
| s-e[yo]
|}


=====Derived terms=====
=====Descendants=====
* {{ja-r|する}}
* {{desc|ja|す|tr=su}} → {{m|ja|する|tr=suru}}
** Kagoshima dialect: {{m|ja|すっ|tr=suq}}
⚫
* {{desc|ryu|すん|tr=sun}}


====Suffix====
===Etymology 2===
Attaches to {{m|ja|未然形|tr=mizenkei||irrealis or incomplete form}} of {{m|ja|四段活用|tr=yodan katsuyō||quadrigrade conjugation}} and {{m|ja|サ行変格活用|tr=sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō||''s-''irregular conjugation}} verbs.
⚫
{{ja-pos|suffix}}


====Verb====
# representing [[bird]]s
{{head|ojp|verb|tr=-su}}


# {{n-g|[[indicate]]s [[light]] [[respect]] and [[slight]] [[affection]]}}
⚫
=====Related terms=====
* {{ja-r|うぐいす}}
#* {{RQ:Kojiki|poem 2}}
#*: {{ux|ojp|...佐加志賣遠阿理登岐加'''志'''弖久波志賣遠阿理登伎許志弖佐用婆比爾阿理多多'''斯'''用婆比阿理加用婆'''勢'''...|tr=...sakasi me<sub>1</sub> wo ari to<sub>2</sub> ki<sub>1</sub>ka'''si'''te kupasi me<sub>1</sub> wo ari to<sub>2</sub> ki<sub>1</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>site sa-yo<sub>1</sub>bapi<sub>1</sub> ni ari tata'''si''' yo<sub>1</sub>bapi<sub>1</sub> ni ari kayo<sub>1</sub>pa'''se'''}}
* {{ja-r|からす}}
* {{ja-r|ほととぎす}}
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|1|1}}
#*: {{ux|ojp|...此岳尓菜採'''須'''兒家吉閑名告'''紗'''根...|tr=...ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub> woka ni na tuma'''su''' ko<sub>1</sub> ipe<sub>1</sub> ki<sub>1</sub>kana no<sub>2</sub>ra'''sa'''ne...}}


=====Conjugation=====
⚫
----
{{ja-conj-bungo||4-s}}


==Old Japanese==
===Etymology 3===
Possibly cognate with modern {{cog|ko|새||[[bird]]}}.


===Verb===
====Suffix====
{{head|ojp|verb|tr=su}}
{{head|ojp|suffix|tr=-su}}


# {{n-g|[[represent]]ing [[bird]]s}}
# to [[do]]


====Descendants====
=====Derived terms=====
* {{m|ojp|鶯|tr=ugupi<sub>1</sub>su}}
* Japanese: {{l|ja|す|tr=su}}, {{l|ja|する|tr=suru}}
* Kagoshima dialect: {{l|und|すっ|tr=suq}}
* {{m|ojp|烏|tr=karasu}}
* {{m|ojp|ほととぎす|tr=poto<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>gi<sub>1</sub>su}}
⚫
* Okinawan: {{l|ryu|すん|tr=sun}}
* {{m|ojp|もず|tr=mo<sub>1</sub>zu}}

Revision as of 09:51, 25 April 2019

See also: ず

Template:character info/new

Japanese

Stroke order
2 strokes

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 寸 in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

す (romaji su)

  1. The hiragana syllable す (su). Its equivalent in katakana is ス (su). It is the thirteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is さ行う段 (sa-gyō u-dan, “row sa, section u”).
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Lua error in Module:ja-spellings at line 49: This template is deprecated, please replace it with ja-kanjitab. From Old Japanese.

Verb

す • (su) 

  1. (archaic) to do
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) せ se
Continuative (連用形) し si
Terminal (終止形) す su
Attributive (連体形) する suru
Realis (已然形) すれ sure
Imperative (命令形) せよ seyo
Key constructions
Negative せず sezu
Contrasting conjunction すれど suredo
Causal conjunction すれば sureba
Conditional conjunction せば seba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) しき siki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) しけり sikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) しつ situ
Perfect tense (natural event) しぬ sinu
Perfect-continuative tense せり
したり		 seri
sitari
Volitional せむ semu
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Readings of various kanji.

Noun

す • (su) 

  1. 巣: nest, hive, den
  2. 酢: vinegar
  3. 州: sandbank, sandbar

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

す (su)

  1. to do
  2. to happen, occur
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3624:
      和礼乃未夜欲布祢波許具登於毛敞礼婆於伎敞能可多爾可治能於等須奈里
      ware no2mi2 ya yo1pune pa ko2gu to2 omope1reba oki1pe1 no2 kata ni kadi no2 oto2 su nari
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. to be in a state of something
  4. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    • 711–712, Kojiki, section 20:
      佐韋賀波用久毛多知和多理宇泥備夜麻許能波佐夜芸奴加是布加牟登須
      Sawi-gapa yo1 kumo1 tatiwatari Unebi2-yama ko2no2pa sayagi1nu kaze pukamu to2 su
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) せ se
Continuative (連用形) し si
Terminal (終止形) す su
Attributive (連体形) する suru
Realis (已然形) すれ sure
Imperative (命令形) せよ seyo
Key constructions
Negative せず sezu
Contrasting conjunction すれど suredo
Causal conjunction すれば sureba
Conditional conjunction せば seba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) しき siki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) しけり sikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) しつ situ
Perfect tense (natural event) しぬ sinu
Perfect-continuative tense せり
したり		 seri
sitari
Volitional せむ semu
Descendants
  • Japanese: す (su) → する (suru)
    • Kagoshima dialect: すっ (suq)
  • Okinawan: すん (sun)

Etymology 2

Attaches to 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) and サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs.

Verb

す (-su)

  1. indicates light respect and slight affection
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 2:
      ...佐加志賣遠阿理登岐加志弖久波志賣遠阿理登伎許志弖佐用婆比爾阿理多多斯用婆比阿理加用婆勢...
      ...sakasi me1 wo ari to2 ki1kasite kupasi me1 wo ari to2 ki1ko2site sa-yo1bapi1 ni ari tatasi yo1bapi1 ni ari kayo1pase
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 1:
      ...此岳尓菜採須兒家吉閑名告紗根...
      ...ko2no2 woka ni na tumasu ko1 ipe1 ki1kana no2rasane...
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) さ sa
Continuative (連用形) し si
Terminal (終止形) す su
Attributive (連体形) す su
Realis (已然形) せ se
Imperative (命令形) せ se
Key constructions
Negative さず sazu
Contrasting conjunction せど sedo
Causal conjunction せば seba
Conditional conjunction さば saba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) しき siki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) しけり sikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) しつ situ
Perfect tense (natural event) しぬ sinu
Perfect-continuative tense せり
したり		 seri
sitari
Volitional さむ samu

Etymology 3

Possibly cognate with modern Korean 새 (sae, “bird”).

Suffix

す (-su)

  1. representing birds
Derived terms
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