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U+5DE6, 左
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DE6

[U+5DE5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5DE7]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 48, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大一 (KM), four-corner 40011, composition 𠂇)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 325, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8720
  • Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 411, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5DE6

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠂇
𢀡


Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally written 𠂇 in the oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a left hand. Compare (“right hand”).

Late bronze inscription forms show an added (“work; to assist?”) component, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : phonetic 𠂇 (, left hand) + semantic (work), representing the original form of (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”).

Etymology

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Cognate with (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”) (< be on one's left side); mirror of the semantic relationship between (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) and (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b(w)aj (left (hand)) (STEDT).

“(politics) left-wing”
Semantic loan from English left, in turn a semantic loan from French gauche.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • chó - vernacular;
    • chó͘ - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡suo²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡suo²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡suo¹³/
Jinan /t͡suə²¹/
Qingdao /t͡suə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡suo⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡suo⁵³/
Xining /t͡su⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡suə⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡suə⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡suɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡suo⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡so⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡so⁴²/
Kunming /t͡so⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡so²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sɤ⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡suɤ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡su³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səu⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡so⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sɤu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡so³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡so³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡so⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡so⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡so²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡so³¹/
Taoyuan /t͡so³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sɔ³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔ³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡so⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡so³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɔ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡so⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /to²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (13)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tsaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sɑX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sɑX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡saX/
Li
Rong
/t͡sɑX/
Wang
Li
/t͡sɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zuǒ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zo2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zuǒ
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsaX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tsˁa[j]ʔ/
English left (side)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 18004
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsaːlʔ/

Definitions

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  1. left (direction)
      ―  zuǒshǒu  ―  left hand
  2. east; areas to the east
      ―  jiāngzuǒ  ―  area east of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
  3. (historical) inferior position
  4. unorthodox; wrong
  5. erroneously; mistakingly
      ―  Nǐ xiǎng zuǒ le.  ―  You are mistaken.
  6. different; divided; inconsistent
      ―  xiàngzuǒ  ―  to conflict with each other; to fail to agree
  7. (politics) left-wing
  8. (chemistry) levo-
    多巴  ―  zuǒduōbā  ―  levodopa
  9. (Sichuanese, of singing) out of tune; off-key
  10. (Southwestern Mandarin, including Sichuanese) to exchange
  11. (Eastern Min) devious, dishonest
  12. (Xiang) wrong; incorrect
  13. a surname
      ―  Zuǒ Zōngtáng  ―  Zuo Zongtang (Qing dynasty Chinese statesman and military leader)
Usage notes
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In socialist nations e.g. mainland China, is usually (not necessarily) put in quotation marks when referring to the leftism further to the correct party line.

Synonyms
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Antonyms
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  • (yòu, “right”)

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (13) (13)
Final () (94) (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter tsaX tsaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡saX/ /t͡saH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zuǒ zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zo2 zo3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zuǒ zuǒ
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsaX › ‹ tsaH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tsˁa[j]ʔ/ /*tsˁarʔ-s/
English assist assist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 18004 18006
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsaːlʔ/ /*ʔsaːls/

Definitions

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  1. Original form of (zuǒ, “to assist”).

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (sa)
  • Korean: 좌(左) (jwa)
  • Vietnamese: tả ()

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (sa, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (sa, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ひだり (hidari, , Jōyō) (to, )

Alternative forms

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ひだり
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/hidari/: *[pidari] → [ɸidari] → [çidari].

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *pintari.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ひだり) (hidari

  1. (direction) left, the side of the left hand
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 229:
      Fidari. ヒダリ (左) 左手, または, 左の方
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1999 August 10, “(ふう)(いん)されし(もの)(ひだり)(うで) [Left Arm of the Sealed One]”, in 幻の召喚神 [Phantom God], Konami:
      (ふう)(いん)された(ひだり)(うで)(ふう)(いん)()くと、()(げん)(ちから)()られる。
      Fūinsareta hidariude. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
      A sealed left arm. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
  2. (politics) a leftist
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of left): (みぎ) (migi, right)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
on'yomi

Middle Chinese

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (sa

  1. the left in vertical writing
  2. the following (one)
    • 190506, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
      (わが)(はい)はまず(かれ)がどのくらい()(がく)であるかを(ため)してみようと(おも)って()(もん)(どう)をして()た。
      Wagahai wa mazu kare ga dono kurai mugaku de aru ka o tameshite miyō to omotte sa no mondō o shite mita.
      To judge just how uneducated he was, I posed the following question.

Prefix

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() (sa-

  1. to the left; on the left side
  2. (history, government) "of the left", senior or superior to (u-, of the right)
    ()()(もん)
    Saemon
    the Gate Guard of the Left
    ()(だい)(じん)
    Sadaijin
    the Minister of the Left

References

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  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC tsaX).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕwa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (oen jwa))

  1. hanja form? of (left (direction))

Derived terms

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

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Kanji in this term
ひじゃい
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *pidari, from Proto-Japonic *pintari. Cognate with Japanese (hidari).

Noun

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(ひじゃい) (hijai

  1. (direction) left

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tả,

  1. left (direction)