mol

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mol"

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Languages (37)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology 1

Clipping of English mole.

Symbol

mol

1. (chemistry) mole.

Etymology 2

Clipping of English Moldovan, from Romanian Moldova.

Symbol

mol

1. (international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Moldovan.

English

Etymology

Borrowed from German Mol (1897).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /məʊl/
• (US) IPA^(key): /mol/, /moʊl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊl

Noun

mol (plural mols)

1. (chemistry, physics, dated) Alternative spelling of mole.

Synonyms

• gram molecule

Derived terms

• picomol

Anagrams

• olm, LOM, OML, Lom, LMO, oml

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch mol, from Middle Dutch mol, from Old Dutch mol, mul, from Proto-West Germanic *mol, from Proto-Germanic *mulaz.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mol (plural molle, diminutive molletjie)

1. mole, mammal of the family Talpidae; also used of some similar but not closely related mammals.

Usage notes

• Due to the abscence of "true" (talpid) moles in Africa, in everyday conversation the term may more commonly be applied to African mammals similar but not closely related to moles, such as golden moles and blesmols.

Derived terms

• blindemol
• gouemol

Albanian

Alternative forms

• mal — Standard Tosk

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *mal̄, from Pre-Proto-Albanian *malnə, from Proto-Indo-European *mĺ̥h₃nu- (“mountain”), from older *mólh₃nu- (“the emerging one”).

Orel's reconstruction of Proto-Albanian *mala- cannot be accepted as it would have led to Albanian *mall. For the same reason, Demiraj's reconstruction of *m(o)lH-i- cannot be accepted either.

Although the thematic precursor *mólh₃nos has found widespread acceptance, it is most likely that mal follows a u-stem precursor, *mólh₃nus, as an *-os ending should lead to an -ë ending. This also supports the plural form male, which is feminine, unlike the masculine singular.

Preserved in patronyms, ethnonym malësor (“highlander, mountaineer”), in toponym (historical and ethnographic region) Malësia (north Albania and Montenegro). In Kosovo (Malishevë, Gjilan, Mališevo, Prizren), in Serbia (Maleševo (Golubac), Maleševo (Rekovac)) and the name of Maleshevo Mountain (North Macedonia and Bulgaria).

Pronunciation

• (southern Gheg) IPA^(key): [mõ̞l]

Noun

mol m

1. (Southern Gheg) mountain

Blagar

Noun

mol

1. banana

References

• A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

Breton

Etymology

From German Mol.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmoːl/

Noun

mol m (plural moloù)

1. (physics) mole

Catalan

Verb

mol

1. inflection of moldre:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Cornish

Etymology

Probably from Latin mōlēs (“mass”).

Noun

mol m (plural molyow)

1. clot, blood clot

Derived terms

• mola (“clot”, verb)

Mutation

Mutation of mol

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
mol	vol	unchanged	unchanged	fol, vol*

* after 'th
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmol]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mol

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-der.

Proto-Indo-European *molH-(y)o-

Proto-Slavic *moľь

Czech mol

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *moľь.

Noun

mol m anim (relational adjective molí)

1. a moth belonging to the family Tineidae; a fungus moth

Declension

Declension of mol (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	mol	molové, moli
genitive	mola	molů
dative	molovi, molu	molům
accusative	mola	moly
vocative	mole	molové, moli
locative	molovi, molu	molech
instrumental	molem	moly

See also

• housenka
• motýl

Etymology 2

Noun

mol m inan

1. mole (SI unit of measure)

Declension

Declension of mol (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	mol	moly
genitive	molu	molů
dative	molu	molům
accusative	mol	moly
vocative	mole	moly
locative	molu	molech
instrumental	molem	moly

Related terms

• molární

Further reading

• “mol”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “mol”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “mol”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Danish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɒl

Noun

mol

1. mole (unit of amount of substance)

Declension

Declension of mol

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mol	molet	mol	molene
genitive	mols	molets	mols	molenes

Etymology 2

From German Moll, from Latin mollis (“soft”).

Noun

mol

1. (music) minor

   Coordinate term: dur

   • 2014, Ulrik Spang-Hanssen, Musikken imellem noderne: Swing i klassisk musik, ISD LLC, →ISBN:

     Alfred Cortots indspilning af Chopins vals i a-mol; ...

     Alfred Cortot's recording of Chopin's waltz in A minor; ...

Dutch

Een mol. — A mole. (Talpa europaea)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mol
• Rhymes: -ɔl

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch mol, from Old Dutch mol, mul, from Proto-West Germanic *mol, from Proto-Germanic *mulaz.

Noun

mol m (plural mollen, diminutive molletje n)

1. a mole, any insectivore of the family Talpidae
2. a European mole, Talpa europaea
3. a mole, an infiltrator, an infiltrant

   Synonym: infiltrant

Derived terms

• borstelmol
• buidelmol
• goudmol
• mollengang
• mollenklem
• mollenrit
• mollenval
• molrat
• molsalamander
• molshoop
• stermol
• veenmol
• watermol

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French mol.

Noun

mol f (plural mollen, no diminutive)

1. (music) flat (musical note)

   Coordinate term: kruis

Derived terms

• dubbelmol

Descendants

• → Indonesian: mol

Etymology 3

Borrowed from German Mol.

Noun

mol f (plural molen, no diminutive)

1. (chemistry) a mole (unit of chemical quantity)

Usage notes

The plural molen is not commonly used.

Derived terms

• molair
• molariteit
• nanomol

Descendants

• → Indonesian: mol

Anagrams

• olm

Franco-Provençal

Noun

mol (Old Lyonnais)

1. alternative form of mul (“male mule”)

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “mūlus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 6/3: Mobilis–Myxa, page 211

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔl/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔl

Adjective

mol

1. form of mou used in the masculine singular before a vowel sound

Further reading

• “mol”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin mollis.

Adjective

mol

1. soft
2. flabby
3. flexible

Galician

Alternative forms

• mole
• molle (Galician-Asturian)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld-

Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dus

Proto-Italic *moldus

Latin *molvis ‹ *mollvis ‹ *molduis

Latin mollis

Old Galician-Portuguese mole

Galician mol

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mole, from Latin mollis (“soft, weak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔl/

Adjective

mol m or f (plural moles)

1. soft
   • 1409, G. Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de medicina equorum" de Joradanus Ruffus, Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 172:

     filla o vinagre ben forte e a greda alva muda et pouco de sal ben mundo, e amasa todo moi ben ata que se faça ende ũa pasta mole

     take a strong vinegar and ground white clay and a little salt, finely ground, and mix very well everything till it becames a soft paste

2. flexible, pliant
3. weak, lacking strength
4. (informal, dated) wine (from viño mol, "soft wine")
   • 1421, Margot Sponer (ed.), "Documentos antiguos de Galicia", in Anuari de l'Oficina Románica de Lingüística i Literatura, 7, page 60:

     douſ canadoσ de bjnõ mole aa bica do lagar por la medida de Monforte

     two canados [64 liters] of soft wine in the winery, as they are measured in Monforte

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “soft”): duro

Derived terms

• amolecer
• amolegar
• esmolicar
• molar
• ollomol (“blackspot sea bream”)
• óso mol (“cartilage”)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

German Gramm-Molekülellip.

German Molbor.

Galician mol

Borrowed from German Mol.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔl/

Noun

mol m (plural moles)

1. (chemistry, physics) mole (in the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12)

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “mole”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “mol”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “mol”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, Ernesto X. González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mol”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mol”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔl/
• Rhymes: -mɔl, -ɔl, -l
• Hyphenation: mol

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from German Mol. Compare to Malay mol.

Noun

mol (plural mol-mol)

1. (chemistry) a mole (unit of chemical quantity)

Related terms

• molar
• molaritas

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from French mol, mou, from Old French mol, from Latin mollem.

Noun

mol (plural mol-mol)

1. (music) flat (musical note)

   Synonym: flat (Standard Malay)

Derived terms

• mol ganda

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Kupang Malay mol, from Dutch molen, ultimately from Latin molīna.

Noun

mol (plural mol-mol)

1. (dialect Kupang) mill

Related terms

• molen

Further reading

• “mol”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /mˠɔl̪ˠ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /mˠolˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /mˠɞlˠ/
• Homophone: moll (some dialects)

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish molaid, from Old Irish molaidir, from Proto-Celtic *molātor. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic mol, Manx moyl.

Verb

mol (present analytic molann, future analytic molfaidh, verbal noun moladh, past participle molta)

1. to commend, nominate, propose, praise, recommend, suggest

   Mhol mo mhúinteoir mé.

   My teacher praised me.

Conjugation

Conjugation of mol (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	molaim	molann tú; molair†	molann sé, sí	molaimid; molann muid	molann sibh	molann siad; molaid†	a mholann; a mholas	moltar
past	mhol mé; mholas	mhol tú; mholais	mhol sé, sí	mholamar; mhol muid	mhol sibh; mholabhair	mhol siad; mholadar	a mhol	moladh
past habitual	mholainn / molainn‡	mholtá / moltá‡	mholadh sé, sí / moladh sé, sí‡	mholaimis; mholadh muid / molaimis‡; moladh muid‡	mholadh sibh / moladh sibh‡	mholaidís; mholadh siad / molaidís‡; moladh siad‡	a mholadh	mholtaí / moltaí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	molfaidh mé; molfad	molfaidh tú; molfair†	molfaidh sé, sí	molfaimid; molfaidh muid	molfaidh sibh	molfaidh siad; molfaid†	a mholfaidh; a mholfas	molfar
conditional	mholfainn / molfainn‡	mholfá / molfá‡	mholfadh sé, sí / molfadh sé, sí‡	mholfaimis; mholfadh muid / molfaimis‡; molfadh muid‡	mholfadh sibh / molfadh sibh‡	mholfaidís; mholfadh siad / molfaidís‡; molfadh siad‡	a mholfadh	mholfaí / molfaí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go mola mé; go molad†	go mola tú; go molair†	go mola sé, sí	go molaimid; go mola muid	go mola sibh	go mola siad; go molaid†	—	go moltar
past	dá molainn	dá moltá	dá moladh sé, sí	dá molaimis; dá moladh muid	dá moladh sibh	dá molaidís; dá moladh siad	—	dá moltaí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	molaim	mol	moladh sé, sí	molaimis	molaigí; molaidh†	molaidís	—	moltar
past participle	molta
verbal noun	moladh

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Derived terms

• adhmhol
• dímhol
• moltóir m (“referee”)

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “molaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 494
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “mol”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Etymology 2

From Old Irish mol (“axle”).

Noun

mol m (genitive singular moil, nominative plural moil)

1. hub (center part of wheel), nave

   mol rotha ― nave or hub of a wheel

2. (transport) hub (point where many routes meet)
3. (networking) hub (computer networking device)
4. (mechanics) boss (projection in centre of shield; protrusion)

   mol liáin ― boss of a propeller

5. (geography) pole (of the earth)
6. (rotating) shaft (any long, thin object)

   mol muilinn ― shaft of a millstone

7. (mechanical engineering) spindle (rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool)
8. newel (central pillar of staircase)

   mol staighre ― newel of a staircase

9. top, protuberant part

   mol uibhe ― top of an egg

   mol sléibhe ― a mountain top

   ar mhol a dhá ghlún ― on his bended knees (literally, “on the protuberant parts of his two knees”)

Declension

Declension of mol (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative mol moil vocative a mhoil a mhola genitive moil mol dative mol moil forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an mol na moil genitive an mhoil na mol dative leis an mol don mhol leis na moil

Derived terms

• Mol Thuaidh (“North Pole”)
• Mol Theas (“South Pole”)

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “mol”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 494
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “mol”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Mutation

Mutated forms of mol

radical	lenition	eclipsis
mol	mhol	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Lote

Numeral

mol

1. three

References

• Greg Pearson, René van den Berg, Lote Grammar Sketch (2008)

Lower Sorbian

Noun

mol m anim

1. superseded spelling of mól

Declension

Declension of mol

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	mol	mola	mole
genitive	mola	molowu	molow
dative	moloju	moloma	molam
accusative	mola	molowu	mole, molow
instrumental	molom	moloma	molami
locative	molu	moloma	molach

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [moːl]

Adverb

mol

1. times (indicating multiplication of two numbers)

   dräi mol dräi ass néng

   three times three is nine

Verb

mol

1. second-person singular imperative of molen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mulaz, *mulhaz (“mole, salamander”), from Proto-Indo-European *molg-, *molk- (“slug, salamander”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)melw- (“to grind, crush, beat”). Cognate with North Frisian mull (“mole”), Saterland Frisian molle (“mole”), Low German Mol, Mul (“mole”), German Molch (“salamander, newt”), Old Russian смолжь (smolžʹ, “snail”), Czech mlž (“clam”).

Noun

mol m

1. mole (animal)

Inflection

Strong masculine noun

	singular	plural
nominative	mol	molle
accusative	mol	molle
genitive	mols	molle
dative	molle	mollen

Descendants

• Dutch: mol
• Limburgish: mól

Further reading

• “mol (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “mol (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Middle English

Noun

mol

1. alternative form of molle (“rubbish”)

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German māl, from Old High German māl, from Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą (“measurement; time; meal”). Cognate with German Mal, Mahl, English meal.

Noun

mol n

1. meal

Related terms

• molzait

References

• “mol” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• malte

Verb

mol

1. simple past of male (Etymology 2)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From German Mol, a clipping of Gramm-Molekül.

Noun

mol n (definite singular molet, indefinite plural mol, definite plural mola)

1. (chemistry, physics) mole

Related terms

• molekyl

Etymology 2

From Old Norse mǫl f.

Alternative forms

• mòl (alternative spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːl/
• Homophone: mål

Noun

mol m (definite singular molen, indefinite plural molar, definite plural molane)

1. a bank of gravel beach
2. hard sand found under soil

Related terms

• mel m

Etymology 3

Compare mole, and Icelandic mol (“crushing”).

Noun

mol f (definite singular mola, indefinite plural moler, definite plural molene)

1. small pieces
2. food waste, fish waste

Etymology 4

Compare Swedish moln (“cloud”). Compare also Danish mul (“rain cloud”). Ivar Aasen seems to doubt clarity of this word’s origin and cognates.

Alternative forms

• mòl (alternative spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːl/
• Homophone: mål

Noun

mol f (definite singular mola, uncountable)

1. (collective, Trøndelag) small and spread-out clouds

Etymology 5

From Old Norse mǫlr (“moth”), in reference to the way in which they grind things down by eating.

Noun

mol m (definite singular molen, indefinite plural molar, definite plural molane)

1. alternative spelling of mòl, (pre-2012) alternative form of møll

Etymology 6

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

mol

1. past of mala

Etymology 7

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

mol

1. imperative of mola

Anagrams

• lom, mol, mòl, olm

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *molos, from Proto-Indo-European *molós, from *melh₂- (“to grind”) +‎ *-ós (agent suffix).

Noun

mol m (genitive muil)

1. shaft of a mill

Inflection

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	mol	molL	muilL
vocative	muil	molL	muluH
accusative	molN	molL	muluH
genitive	muilL	mol	molN
dative	mulL	molaib	molaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: mol (“hub, shaft”)
• Scottish Gaelic: mul (“axis, axle-tree”)

Mutation

Mutation of mol

radical	lenition	nasalization
mol also mmol in h-prothesis environments	mol pronounced with /β̃-/	mol also mmol

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mol”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔl
• Syllabification: mol

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English mole.

Noun

mol m inan (related adjective molowy or molalny)

1. (chemistry, physics) mole (unit of amount)
2. (chemistry, physics) gram molecule (amount of a compound whose mass in grams is that of its molecular weight)

   Synonym: gramocząsteczka

Declension

Declension of mol

	singular	plural
nominative	mol	mole
genitive	mola	moli
dative	molowi	molom
accusative	mol	mole
instrumental	molem	molami
locative	molu	molach
vocative	molu	mole

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mol n

1. genitive plural of molo

Further reading

• “mol”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “mol”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[5] (in Polish)

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• mole (Portugal)

Etymology

Borrowed from German Mol (“mole”), shortened form of Molekulargewicht (“molecular weight”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmɔw/ [ˈmɔʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmɔl/ [ˈmɔɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmɔl/ [ˈmɔɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmɔ.li/

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɔl, (Brazil) -ɔw
• Hyphenation: mol

Noun

mol m (plural mols or moles) (Brazilian Portuguese spelling)

1. mole (unit of amount)

Usage notes

In Portugal, mol is used to designate solely the symbol mol.

Related terms

• molar

Further reading

• “mol”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “mol”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Romani mol (“wine”).

Noun

mol n (plural moluri)

1. (slang) wine

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	mol	molul	moluri	molurile
genitive-dative	mol	molului	moluri	molurilor
vocative	molule		molurilor

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

German Gramm-Molekülellip.

German Molbor.

Romanian mol

Borrowed from German Mol.

Noun

mol m (plural moli)

1. (chemistry) mole (unit)

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	mol	molul	moli	molii
genitive-dative	mol	molului	moli	molilor
vocative	molule		molilor

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French môle.

Noun

mol n (plural moluri)

1. breakwater, mole, groyne

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	mol	molul	moluri	molurile
genitive-dative	mol	molului	moluri	molurilor
vocative	molule		molurilor

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mol/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish molaid, from Old Irish molaidir, from Proto-Celtic *molātor. Cognate with Irish mol, Manx moyl.

Verb

mol (past mhol, future molaidh, verbal noun moladh, past participle molta)

1. praise
2. recommend

Conjugation

Conjugation of mol (regular)

indicative	independent		dependent
	personal	impersonal	personal	impersonal
past	mhol	mholadh	mhol	mholadh
future	molaidh	molar moltar	mol	molar moltar
relative future	mholas	mholar	—	—
conditional	independent		dependent
	personal	impersonal	personal	impersonal
first person singular	mholainn	mholtadh mholaist1 mholaiste1	molainn	moltadh molaist1 molaiste1
first person plural	mholamaid mholadh sinn		molamaid moladh sinn
second/third person	mholadh		moladh
imperative	independent
	singular	plural	impersonal
first person	molam	molamaid	molar moltar
second person	mol	molaibh
third person	moladh
past participle	molta
verbal noun	moladh

1. Lewis dialect form

Derived terms

• mì-mhol

Etymology 2

From Old Norse möl (“gravel”).

Noun

mol m (genitive singular moil, nominative plural molan)

1. shingly beach

Declension

Declension of mol (type I masculine noun)

indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	mol	molan
genitive	moil	mholan
dative	mol	molan; molaibh1
definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(am) mol	(na) molan
genitive	(a') mhoil	(nam) molan
dative	(a') mhol	(na) molan; molaibh1
vocative	mhoil	mholan; mholan

¹ archaic or poetic form

Etymology 3

From English mole.

Noun

mol m (genitive singular moil, nominative plural molaichean)

1. mole (structure)

Declension

Declension of mol (type I masculine noun)

indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	mol	molaichean
genitive	moil	mholaichean
dative	mol	molaichean; molaichibh1
definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(am) mol	(na) molaichean
genitive	(a') mhoil	(nam) molaichean
dative	(a') mhol	(na) molaichean; molaichibh1
vocative	mhoil	mholaichean; mholaichean

¹ archaic or poetic form

Mutation

Mutation of mol

radical	lenition
mol	mhol

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “mol”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• mólo, mȗl

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian molo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /môːl/

Noun

mȏl m inan (Cyrillic spelling мо̑л)

1. dock, pier (for ships)

Declension

Declension of mol

	singular	plural
nominative	mȏl	mólovi
genitive	móla	molova
dative	molu	molovima
accusative	mol	molove
vocative	mole	molovi
locative	molu	molovima
instrumental	molom	molovima

Further reading

• “mol”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Spanish

Etymology 1

Shortening of molécula

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmol/ [ˈmol]
• Rhymes: -ol
• Syllabification: mol

Noun

mol m (plural moles)

1. mole (unit)

   Synonym: molécula gramo

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Guanche.

Noun

mol m (plural moles)

1. (Canary Islands, El Hierro) Artemisia thuscula

   Synonyms: incienso canario, ajenjo de Canarias

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English mall.

Noun

mol m (plural moles)

1. (Dominican Republic) mall

Further reading

• “mol”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025
• “mol”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
• “mol”, in Diccionario Básico de Canarismos [Basic Dictionary of Canarianisms] (in Spanish), Canarian Academy of the Language [Spanish: Academia Canaria de La Lengua], 2010
• “mol”, in Tesoro de los diccionarios históricos de la lengua española [Thesaurus of the Historical Dictionaries of the Spanish Language], Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], launched 2021

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muːl/
• Rhymes: -uːl

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

mol (not comparable)

1. (in some expressions and compounds) completely

   mol allena

   all alone

Etymology 2

From German Mol.

Noun

mol c

1. (chemistry, physics) mole (unit of amount of substance)

Declension

Declension of mol

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mol	mols
	definite	molen	molens
plural	indefinite	mol	mols
	definite	molen	molens

References

• “mol”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “mol”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “mol”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Uzbek

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَال (māl).

Noun

mol

1. livestock
2. property, possessions

Declension

Declension of mol

	singular	plural
nominative	mol	mollar
genitive	molning	mollarning
dative	molga	mollarga
definite accusative	molni	mollarni
locative	molda	mollarda
ablative	moldan	mollardan
similative	moldek	mollardek

Possessive forms of mol

1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	molim	mollarim
genitive	molimning	mollarimning
dative	molimga	mollarimga
definite accusative	molimni	mollarimni
locative	molimda	mollarimda
ablative	molimdan	mollarimdan
similative	molimdek	mollarimdek
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	moling	mollaring
genitive	molingning	mollaringning
dative	molingga	mollaringga
definite accusative	molingni	mollaringni
locative	molingda	mollaringda
ablative	molingdan	mollaringdan
similative	molingdek	mollaringdek
3rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	moli	mollari
genitive	molining	mollarining
dative	moliga	mollariga
definite accusative	molini	mollarini
locative	molida	mollarida
ablative	molidan	mollaridan
similative	molidek	mollaridek
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	molimiz	mollarimiz
genitive	molimizning	mollarimizning
dative	molimizga	mollarimizga
definite accusative	molimizni	mollarimizni
locative	molimizda	mollarimizda
ablative	molimizdan	mollarimizdan
similative	molimizdek	mollarimizdek
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	molingiz	mollaringiz
genitive	molingizning	mollaringizning
dative	molingizga	mollaringizga
definite accusative	molingizni	mollaringizni
locative	molingizda	mollaringizda
ablative	molingizdan	mollaringizdan
similative	molingizdek	mollaringizdek
3rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	moli	mollari
genitive	molining	mollarining
dative	moliga	mollariga
definite accusative	molini	mollarini
locative	molida	mollarida
ablative	molidan	mollaridan
similative	molidek	mollaridek

Vietnamese

Noun

mol

1. (chemistry, physics) a mole

Usage notes

• Always pronounced with a final /n/ (despite this recommended spelling in textbooks), even in southern dialects.

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔl/

Noun

mol

1. nasal mutation of of bol

Yurok

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔl/

Noun

mol

1. dung