土

See also: 士, 圡, 𡈽, and ±

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

土 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 土 (G), four-corner 4010₀, composition ⿱十一)

1. Kangxi radical #32, ⼟.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/土
• 𫡢, 吐, 𡚳, 𢎳, 𢓂, 𪫞, 扗, 汢, 肚, 杜, 𣧅, 灶, 牡, 𤣰, 社, 𨑒, 𥃾, 𥝟, 𬡃, 𫊥, 䝅, 𧺔, 𮛄, 𨑡, 釷(钍), 靯, 𩡶, 𩵚(𬶂), 𪐢
• 凷, 𫧀, 𫲵, 尘, 庄, 𢨫, 芏, 𭎊, 𦉷, 𥤧, 㽵, 𥫦, 𮓛, 䦌(𮤬), 𫕞, 𭎭, 𩫽, 𤍢, 𪔋, 去, 𠮷, 𡕟, 寺, 𢖽, 𭟯, 灻, 𫅢, 𮤇, 𪔄, 𪔌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 223, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4867
• Dae Jaweon: page 453, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 415, character 1
• Unihan data for U+571F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		土

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 土
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
社	*ɦljaːʔ
肚	*ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土	*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐	*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏	*l̥ʰaːʔ
杜	*l'aːʔ
靯	*l'aːʔ
荰	*l'aːʔ

Pictogram (象形) : a lump of clay on a potter’s wheel.

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 土

1. earth; soil

   這兒的土夠肥的。 [MSC, trad.]
   这儿的土够肥的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de. [Pinyin]

   The soil here is quite fertile.

2. clay
3. crude opium
4. dust
5. (Teochew) ground
6. local; native; indigenous

   土著  ―  tǔzhù  ―  aboriginal

7. rustic; unsophisticated

   我覺得東北話實在太土了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我觉得东北话实在太土了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le. [Pinyin]

   I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.

8. the Tujia ethnic group (土家族 (Tǔjiāzú))
9. the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol (土族 (Tǔzú))
10. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dù (du⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dù
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dù
    • Wade–Giles: tu⁴
    • Yale: dù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
    • Palladius: ду (du)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: duX

Rime
Character	土
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒古切
Baxter	duX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duoX/
Pan Wuyun	/duoX/
Shao Rongfen	/doX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɔX/
Li Rong	/doX/
Wang Li	/duX/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	土
Reading #	2/2
No.	12503
Phonetic component	土
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	杜
Old Chinese	/*l'aːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 土

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”).

   • 迨天之未陰雨、徹彼桑土、綢繆牖戶。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     迨天之未阴雨、彻彼桑土、绸缪牖户。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù. [Pinyin]

     Before the sky was dark with rain,
     I gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,
     And bound round and round my window and door.

2. ^† An ancient river.

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǎ (cha³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǎ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa³
    • Yale: chǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaa
    • Palladius: ча (ča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä²¹⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 土

1. ^† Only used in 土苴 (chǎzhǎ).

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tú (tu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tú
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tú
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu²
    • Yale: tú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
    • Palladius: ту (tu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 土

1. Only used in 土門／土门 (Túmén).

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (土):

• → Japanese: 土(つ) (tsu); 土(と) (to)
• → Korean: 토(土) (to)
• → Vietnamese: thổ (土)

Compounds

References

• “Entry #192”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

土

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: つ (tsu)
• Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ど (do, Jōyō)
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 土, Jōyō)
• Nanori: ひじ (hiji)

Compounds

Compounds

• 土(ど)柱(ちゅう) (dochū)
• 土曜日(どようび) (doyōbi)
• 苦土(くど) (kudo)
• 土地(とち) (tochi)
• 陶(とう)土(ど) (tōdo)
• 土産(みやげ) (miyage)
• 土竜(もぐら) (mogura)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
土
つち Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
地

From Old Japanese.

Noun

土(つち) • (tsuchi) 

1. earth, soil, mud
2. the ground

Derived terms

• 土(つち)狼(おおかみ) (tsuchiōkami)
• 土豚(つちぶた) (tsuchibuta)
• 真(ま)土(つち) (matsuchi)

Idioms

• 土(つち)を踏(ふ)む (tsuchi o fumu, “tread on the ground → enter a foreign country”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
土
と Grade: 1
kan’on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

土(と) • (To) 

1. Short for 土耳古 (Toruko): Turkey

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
土
ど Grade: 1
kan’yōon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

土(ど) • (do) 

1. Short for 土曜日 (doyōbi): Saturday

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Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

土 (eumhun 흙 토 (heuk to))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 土曜日 (toyoil): Saturday.

Noun

土 • (to) (hangeul 토)

1. earth
2. (as an abbreviation) Saturday

Etymology 2

Hanja

土 (eumhun 뿌리 두 (ppuri du))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

土: Hán Việt readings: thổ (他(tha)魯(lỗ)切(thiết))
土: Nôm readings: thổ, độ, thuở

1. chữ Hán form of thổ (“earth; soil; land”).

Compounds

• 土地 (thổ địa)
• 土語 (thổ ngữ)