紅

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Archived revision by 86.144.233.160 (talk) as of 16:30, 28 November 2019.
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See also: 红
紅 U+7D05, 紅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D05
← 約
[U+7D04] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 紆 →
[U+7D06]

Translingual

Han character

紅 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火一 (VFM), four-corner 21910, composition ⿰糹工)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 916, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27243
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3363, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7D05

Chinese

trad. 紅
simp. 红

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ) : semantic 糹／纟 + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • è̤ng - colloquial;
  • hùng - literary ("successful;
  • red bunting").
Note:
  • âng - colloquial;
  • hông - literary.
Note:
  • ang5 - colloquial;
  • hong5 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 紅
Mandarin Beijing /xuŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xuŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xuŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /xuŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xuŋ²⁴/
Xining /xuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /xũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /xuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xoŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xoŋ²¹/
Kunming /xoŋ³¹/
Nanjing /xoŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦoŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦoŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦoŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xoŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /fuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
Nanning /huŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ³⁵/
/aŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /øyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hoŋ⁵⁵/
/aŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hɔŋ³¹/
/aŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 紅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸公切
Baxter huwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 紅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ huwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡˁoŋ/
English pink

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 紅
Reading # 1/1
No. 4055
Phonetic
component 		工
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		洪
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡoːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 紅

  1. red
    紅色／红色  ―  hóngsè  ―  red (color)
    紅茶／红茶  ―  hóngchá  ―  black tea (literally, “red tea”)
  2. (colloquial) popular; in vogue
  3. The red clothes and bunting used on festive occasions.
    披紅／披红  ―  pīhóng  ―  to drape in red silk as a sign of honor or for festivity
    紅包／红包  ―  hóngbāo  ―  red envelope / red packet
  4. (figurative) revolutionary; Communist; Red
    紅軍／红军  ―  hóngjūn  ―  Red army
  5. worldly
  6. women's
  7. bonus; dividend
    分紅／分红  ―  fēnhóng  ―  distribute or draw dividends
  8. (Cantonese) blood tofu
    豬紅／猪红 [Cantonese]  ―  zyu1 hung4 [Jyutping]  ―  pig blood tofu
  9. a surname Hong

Synonyms

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 紅

  1. † Substitute character for 功 (gōng).
  2. † Substitute character for 工 (gōng).
    女紅／女红  ―  nǚgōng  ―  the feminine arts (e.g. needlework, sewing, embroidery)
  3. Placename in the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period in Chinese history, northeast of modern Tai'an, Shandong.

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 紅

  1. † Substitute character for 絳／绛 (jiàng).

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

紅

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

紅 (kurenai, beni, kō): hexadecimal color code #D71345
紅 (kurenai, beni): the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius
Kanji in this term
紅
くれない
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

⟨kure no2 awi⟩ → /kurenawi/ → /kurenai/

From Old Japanese.

Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai),[1][2] itself a compound of 呉 (Kure, “China”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 藍 (ai, “indigo → dye”)). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.

Pronunciation

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Noun

紅(くれない) • (kurenai) ←くれなゐ (kurenawi)?

  1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
    Synonyms: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro), 丹紅 (tankō)
  2. the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color is extracted
    Synonyms: 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), 紅花 (kōka, benibana), 末摘花 (suetsumuhana)
    • 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 13, poem 661)
      紅(くれなゐ)の色(いろ)にはいでじ隠(かく)れ沼(ぬ)の下(した)にかよひて恋(こひ)は死(し)ぬとも
      kurenai no iro ni wa ideji kakure nu no shita ni kayoite koi wa shinu to mo
      I shall not show it as a safflower flaunts its red―not though I perish of a love kept as secret as streams in a hidden marsh.[3]
  3. a 伽羅 (kyara)-class incense
Derived terms
Derived terms
Proverbs

Proper noun

紅(くれない) • (Kurenai) ←くれなゐ (kurenawi)?

  1. a female given name
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Etymology 2

紅 (beni): lipstick
紅 (beni): rouge
Kanji in this term
紅
べに
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

*/peni/ → /beni/

First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".

The ni is definitely 丹 (ni, “red earth, cinnabar”), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.

Pronunciation

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Noun

紅(べに) • (beni) 

  1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
    Synonyms: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro), 丹紅 (tankō)
  2. Short for 紅花 (benibana). the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color is extracted
  3. the crimson pigment extracted from safflower petals, used in cosmetics and as a food coloring
    Synonym: 臙脂 (enji)
  4. rouge (red cosmetic traditionally made from safflowers)
    Synonym: 頬紅 (hōbeni)
  5. lipstick, lip liner (also traditionally made from safflowers)
    Synonym: 口紅 (kuchibeni)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms

Proper noun

紅(べに) or 紅(proper) • (beni or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|へに']]

  1. a female given name
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Etymology 3

紅 (aka): hexadecimal color code #FF0000
Kanji in this term
紅
あか
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Alternate spelling for 赤 (aka, “red”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

紅(あか) • (aka) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 赤 (aka, “red”)
Usage notes

The 紅 spelling for aka carries connotations of a deeper red or crimson color.

Proper noun

紅(あか) or 紅(proper) • (aka or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|あか]]

  1. a female given name

Etymology 4

紅 (momi): A princess doll showing the momi kimono liner.
Kanji in this term
紅
もみ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From 揉み (momi, “kneading”, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Noun

紅(もみ) • (momi) 

  1. silk cloth dyed an even shade of one color, often a deep gold dyed again with crimson, traditionally used as a kimono liner
    Synonym: 本紅 (hon-momi)
Derived terms

Proper noun

紅(もみ) or 紅(proper) • (momi or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|もみ]]

  1. a female given name

Etymology 5

紅 (kō): hexadecimal color code #D71345
Kanji in this term
紅
こう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 紅 (MC huwng).

Pronunciation

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Noun

紅(こう) • (kō) 

  1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
    Synonym: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro)
Idioms
Derived terms

Affix

紅(こう) • (kō) 

  1. crimson
  2. safflower
  3. female
  4. Substitute character for 工: work done by women

Proper noun

紅(こう) or 紅(proper) • (kō or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|こう]]

  1. a female given name

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DJR
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Korean

Hanja

紅 • (hong, gong) (hangeul 홍, 공, McCune–Reischauer hong, kong, Yale hong, kong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Etymology

Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no2 awi),[1][2] itself a compound of 呉 (Kure, “China”) +‎ の (no2, possessive particle) +‎ 藍 (awi, “indigo → dye”).

Noun

紅 (kurenawi) (kana くれなゐ)

  1. a safflower, Carthamus tinctorius
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 19, poem 4139:
      , text here
      春苑紅尓保布桃花下照道尓出立𡢳嬬
      paru no2 so2no2 kurenawi nipopu momo no2 pana sitaderu mi1ti ni idetatu woto2me1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: 紅 (くれない, kurenai)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

紅: Hán Việt readings: hồng (胡(hồ)公(công)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], hường[5]
紅: Nôm readings: hồng[1][2][4][5][3], hường[2][6][5], hông[7]

  1. Template:han tu form of
  2. Template:Nom form of

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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