-na

See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Albanian

Alternative forms

• -em (Tosk)

Etymology

Related to unë (“I”). The Gheg personal suffix -na (“I, me”) indicates the 1st person singular, indicative, present in mediopassive voice. In Tosk (and Standard Albanian) -em (“I, me”) is used.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/ (Gheg)

Suffix

-na

1. (personal suffix) used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood).
2. Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice

   active bâj (“I do, make, appear”) + h (mediopassive marker) + -na → mediopassive bôhna (“I become, turn into”) or bôna (“I become, turn into”) (with long ô) - Tosk and Standard Albanian variant: bëhem (“I become, turn into”)

   active zbeh (“I make white(er), pale(er)”) + -na → mediopassive zbehna (“I'm getting pale(er), white(er)”) - Tosk and Standard Albanian variant: zbehem (“I'm getting pal(er), white(er)”)

3. Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives

   adjective shkurt (“short”) + o- (vowel stem) + h (mediopassive marker) + -na → mediopassive verb shkurtohna (“I become short(er)”) or shkurtona (“I become short(er)”) (with long o) - Tosk and Standard Albanian variant: shkurtohem (“I become short(er)”)

Related terms

• -em
• -hem
• -hna
• unë

 

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Curripaco

Suffix

-na

1. third person plural patient marker

References

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

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Estonian

Suffix

-na

1. Forms the essive case.

Usage notes

• The suffix is appended to the genitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.

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Finnish

Etymology 1

From , from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.

Suffix

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)

1. Forms the essive case.

   • kaunis beautiful (word includes back vowel, a) -> + -na = kauniina

   eräänä kauniina aamuna

   on a beautiful morning

   Ennen pidit minua kauniina.

   In the past you thought I was beautiful. (literally: In the past you held me as beautiful.)

Usage notes

• The suffix is appended to the same stem as the illative suffixes, and also the partitive singular often uses the same stem.

Etymology 2

From .

Suffix

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)

1. Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in -sta.

   kutina (“itching”), from kutista (“to itch”)

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -na

Anagrams

• -an

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Hadza

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix

-na

1. a locative suffix

   hama (“3rd person masculine singular proximal pronoun”) → hamana (“here”)

   bee (“3rd person feminine plural given pronoun”) → beena (“there”)

   himiggê (“3rd person masculine singular invisible pronoun”) → himiggêna (“in/behind there”)

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Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/, [nə]

Suffix

-na

1. Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.

   ʻai → ʻaina

   piʻi → piʻina

Derived terms

Hawaiian terms suffixed with -na

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɒ]

Suffix

-na

1. (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).

   olvas (“to read”) → olvasna (“he/she would read”)

Usage notes

    Conditional indefinite – personal endings

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-nék
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anék	-enék
te	2nd person singular	-nál	-nél
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anál	-enél
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	-na	-ne
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-ana	-ene
mi	1st person plural	-nánk	-nénk
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anánk	-enénk
ti	2nd person plural	-nátok	-nétek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anátok	-enétek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nának	-nének
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anának	-enének
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

• (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -na is added to most back vowel verbs

  vár (“to wait”) → várna (“he/she would wait”)

  -ne is added to most front vowel verbs

  kér (“to ask”) → kérne (“he/she would ask”)

  -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)

  mond (“to say something”) → mondana (“he/she would say something”)

  tanít (“to teach”) → tanítana (“he/she would teach”)

  -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t

  fest (“to paint”) → festene (“he/she would paint”)

  segít (“to help”) → segítene (“he/she would help”)

See also

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nˠə/

Suffix

-na

1. Alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “-na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

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Kambera

Pronoun

-na

1. third person singular genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

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Laboya

Pronoun

-na

1. third person singular subject enclitic
2. third person singular possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

	Subject	Subject/Possessive	Object
Person
1sg	gu-	-gu	-ga
2sg	mu-	-mu	-gu
3sg	na-	-na	-ni
1pl.incl	da-	-da	-da
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-gama
2pl	mi-	-mi	-gimi
3pl	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

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Maori

Suffix

-na

1. Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.

See also

Maori personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person (exclusive)			au, ahau	māua	mātou
1st person (inclusive)				tāua	tātou
2nd person			koe	kōrua	koutou
3rd person			ia	rāua	rātou

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Quechua

Not to be confused with -ña

Suffix

-na

1. Nominalizer, future perfect participle.

   llamk'ay (“to work”) → llamk'ana (“tool, work to be done”)

   mikhuy (“to eat”) → mikhuna (“food, meal”)

See also

• -spa
• -sqa

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Scots

Alternative forms

• -nae

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-nə/, /-nɪ/

Suffix

-na

1. not

   didna ("did not")

   canna ("can not")

   daurna ("dare not")

   michtna ("might not")

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Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse na, from Proto-Germanic *-naną.

Suffix

-na

1. Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for those of the fourth and fifth declensions).

   stolar (from stol (chair)); stolarna, chairs; the chairs

2. -en; Used with some adjectives to form inchoative verbs

   trött; tröttna, tired; become tired.

Usage notes

Inchoative verb

The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with an a are extinct or considered heavily archaic.

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -na

Anagrams

• -an, an, an-

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Taos

Suffix

-na

1. Singular number inflection. (See also: -ną, -nemą, -ne.)

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Volapük

Suffix

-na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.