了: difference between revisions
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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*perfective aspect: |
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Pronunciation 1 is derived from weakening of Pronunciation 2 (“to finish”). Cognate with {{cog|th|แล้ว||to be finished; already; then, afterwards}}, {{cog|lo|ແລ້ວ||to finish; to be completed; ''perfective particle''}}, {{cog|vi|rồi||already}}. |
::Pronunciation 1 is derived from weakening of Pronunciation 2 (“to finish”). Cognate with {{cog|th|แล้ว||to be finished; already; then, afterwards}}, {{cog|lo|ແລ້ວ||to finish; to be completed; ''perfective particle''}}, {{cog|vi|rồi||already}}. |
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*a change of state: |
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::Derived from {{m|zh|來|4=to come}}. |
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===Pronunciation 1=== |
===Pronunciation 1=== |
Revision as of 04:11, 9 November 2016
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
了 (Kangxi radical 6, 亅+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 弓弓 (NN), four-corner 17207, composition ⿱乛亅)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 85, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 226
- Dae Jaweon: page 173, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 48, character 6
- Unihan data for U+4E86
Chinese
trad. | 了/瞭* | |
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simp. | 了 | |
瞭 – sense “clear” |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 了 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – an image of a baby wrapped in a blanket, with only the head visible. Compare with 子, where the arms are visible.
Etymology
- perfective aspect:
- a change of state:
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): liu5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lé
- Eastern Min (BUC): lāu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5leq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄌㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: le̊
- Wade–Giles: lê5
- Yale: le
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .le
- Palladius: лэ (lɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lə/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: liu5
- Yale: líuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: liu5
- Guangdong Romanization: liu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /liːu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lé
- Hakka Romanization System: le`
- Hagfa Pinyim: le3
- Sinological IPA: /le³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃au³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Definitions
- Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
- Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state.
Synonyms
Usage notes
- (perfective aspect particle): Most of the time, 了 is translated by a past tense. But it can also indicate that one action is completed before another.
- (change of state particle): When used as the change of state particle, 了 can be translated by “now”, “already” or “not anymore”.
- In a question, 了 is put before the particle 嗎/吗 (ma).
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
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Definitions
- to be finished; to be completed
- to end; to finish
- to understand; to comprehend
- 瞭解/了解 ― liǎojiě ― to understand, to realize
- clear; plain; understandable
- bright; intelligent; smart
- (in negative sentences) completely; utterly; entirely
- Used with 不 (bù) or 得 (de) after verbs to express possibility.
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
- finish, complete
Readings
Compounds
Proper noun
Korean
Hanja
了 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
- (deprecated template usage) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 了 (liễu)
- (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}
.
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han pictograms
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Chinese particles
- Mandarin particles
- Cantonese particles
- Hakka particles
- Eastern Min particles
- Hokkien particles
- Teochew particles
- Wu particles
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 了
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji read as りょう
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 了
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters