勿

Translingual

Han character

勿 (Kangxi radical 20, 勹+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心竹竹 (PHH), four-corner 2722₀, composition ⿹勹⿰丿丿)

Derived characters

• 物 吻 易 昜

See also

• 匆 匁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 150, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2501
• Dae Jaweon: page 339, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 255, character 2
• Unihan data for U+52FF

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		勿
alternative forms		伐 Wu

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勿
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (勿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
脗	*minʔ
吻	*mɯnʔ
刎	*mɯnʔ
伆	*mɯnʔ, *mɯd
勽	*buːs, *mɯnʔ
沕	*mrɯd, *mɯd
忽	*hmɯːd
昒	*hmɯːd, *mɯd
惚	*hmɯːd
匫	*hmɯːd
笏	*hmɯːd
曶	*hmɯːd
淴	*ʔmɯːd
物	*mɯd
勿	*mɯd
芴	*mɯd
岉	*mɯd

Pictogram (象形) – blood on a knife; the original character of 刎 (OC *mɯnʔ, “to cut”). Phonetically borrowed for the negative particle since the time of the oracle bone script.

Etymology 1

do not (verb) him/her/it!

Fusion of 毋 (OC *ma, “should not; don't!”) with 之 (OC *tjɯ, “third-person pronoun”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wù (wu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mat⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): vu̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): vud⁶

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bu̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhug⁴ / mug⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸veq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wù
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wù
    • Wade–Giles: wu⁴
    • Yale: wù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
    • Palladius: у (u)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mat⁶
    • Yale: maht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: med⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: vud
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /vut̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: vud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ʋut̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: bu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: but
    • IPA (Xiamen): /but̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /but̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /but̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /but̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /but̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhug⁴ / mug⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buk / muk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /buk̚²/, /muk̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁸veq
    • MiniDict: veh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵veq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vəʔ¹²/

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• Middle Chinese: mjut

Rime
Character	勿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	文弗切
Baxter	mjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mut̚/
Li Rong	/miuət̚/
Wang Li	/mĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勿	勿
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wù	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjut ›	‹ mjut ›
Old Chinese	/*mut/	/*mut/
English	don"t	not ... it
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勿
Reading #	1/1
No.	13219
Phonetic component	勿
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	物
Old Chinese	/*mɯd/
Notes	甲金文象人没水爲沕初文

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 勿

1. (literary or formal, imperative) do not; don't

   請勿吸煙／请勿吸烟  ―  qǐng wù xīyān  ―  no smoking (lit. please do not smoke)

   • 己所不欲，勿施於人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     己所不欲，勿施于人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén. [Pinyin]

     What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.

2. (literary or Wu) not

   齊侯欲勿許。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   齐侯欲勿许。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

   Qí hóu yù wù xǔ. [Pinyin]

   Duke Ling of Qi wanted to not agree.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		別, 不要, 勿, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
Mandarin	Beijing	別, 別價
	Taiwan	別, 不要
	Harbin	別
	Yantai (Muping)	別
	Jinan	別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
	Luoyang	嫑, 甭1, 休
	Wanrong	嫑, 不要
	Xi'an	嫑, 不敢
	Lanzhou	不要
	Xining	嫑
	Ürümqi	嫑
	Wuhan	莫1, 不
	Chengdu	莫1, 不要, 嫑
	Guiyang	不要
	Guilin	莫1
	Liuzhou	莫1, 莫要
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	莫1
	Xuzhou	嫑, 休
	Yangzhou	莫1, 不要
	Nanjing	不要
	Hefei	別, 不要
	Malaysia	不要
	Singapore	不要
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咪, 咪個, 唔好
	Hong Kong	咪, 唔好, 冇
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	唔好
	Macau	唔要
	Foshan (Shunde)	咪
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	咪
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔好
	Taishan	唔好
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔好
	Dongguan	咪, 唔好
	Shaoguan	咪
	Yunfu	咪, 唔好
	Yangjiang	莫1, 無好
	Xinyi	毛
	Lianjiang	冇
	Nanning	冇要
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咪
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咪, 唔好
Gan	Nanchang	莫1
	Lichuan	毋要, 不要
	Pingxiang	不要
Hakka	Meixian	莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
	Xingning	毋愛
	Huidong (Daling)	毋好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	毋好
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	毋好
	Changting	毋要
	Liancheng	毋要
	Ninghua	毋要
	Yudu	毋要, 毋敢
	Ruijin	毋要
	Shicheng	毋要
	Shangyou (Shexi)	毋要
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	毋好
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	毋好
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	毋好
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	毋好
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	毋好
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	毋好
	Hong Kong	毋好
	Sabah (Longchuan)	毋愛
	Senai (Huiyang)	毋好
	Kuching (Hepo)	唔愛
Huizhou	Jixi	不要, 嫑
	Shexian	不要, 嫑
	Tunxi	不要, 嫑
Jin	Taiyuan	不要, 不敢
	Xinzhou	不要, 嫑, 播
Northern Min	Jian'ou	伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
	Pucheng (Shibei)	伓敢
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	伓通, 毋
	Fuqing	伓通
	Matsu	毋
Southern Min	Xiamen	毋通, 毋愛, 莫2, 𱰠, 莫用
	Quanzhou	毋通, 毋愛, 甭2, 莫用
	Zhangzhou	毋通, 莫2, 甭2, 𱰠, 莫用
	Zhao'an	孬
	Taipei	莫2
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	莫去
	Kaohsiung	莫2
	Yilan	毋通, 莫2
	Changhua (Lukang)	莫2
	Tainan	莫2, 甭2
	Penang (Hokkien)	莫2, 毋通, 甭2
	Singapore (Hokkien)	莫2, 毋通, 甭2
	Manila (Hokkien)	毋通, 甭2
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	別
	Chaozhou	孬, 莫2
	Shantou	孬, 莫2
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	莫2
	Haifeng	莫2
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	孬
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	孬
	Penang (Teochew)	莫2
	Singapore (Teochew)	莫2, 孬
	Leizhou	無地
	Haikou	無用, 莫2, 無莫
	Qionghai	無用
	Singapore (Hainanese)	無用
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冇要
Wu	Shanghai	勿要, 𧟰
	Shanghai (Chongming)	拗
	Suzhou	𧟰
	Wuxi	𧟰
	Haimen	拗, 拗要, 弗要
	Danyang	弗要, 𫸻
	Hangzhou	嫑
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	弗要, 消, 𧟰
	Ningbo	莫, 甮
	Wenzhou	𧟰
	Lishui	⿰毋樂
	Qingyuan	⿰否樂
	Jinhua	𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Xiang	Changsha	莫1, 不要
	Loudi	不要, 莫1
	Shuangfeng	莫1
	Quanzhou	別

Dialectal synonyms of 不 (“not”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		不, 弗, 毋, 勿, 莫, 否, 未
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		不
Mandarin	Beijing	不
	Taiwan	不
	Tianjin	不
	Chengde	不
	Tangshan	不
	Cangzhou	不
	Baoding	不
	Shijiazhuang	不
	Chifeng	不
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	不
	Heihe	不
	Qiqihar	不
	Harbin	不
	Jiamusi	不
	Baicheng	不
	Changchun	不
	Tonghua	不
	Shenyang	不
	Dandong	不
	Jinzhou	不
	Dalian	不
	Yantai	不
	Yantai (Muping)	不
	Qingdao	不
	Lijin	不
	Zhucheng	不
	Jinan	不
	Luoyang	不
	Wanrong	不
	Shangqiu	不
	Yuanyang	不
	Zhengzhou	不
	Lingbao	不
	Xinyang	不
	Baihe	不
	Xi'an	不
	Baoji	不
	Yinchuan	不
	Tianshui	不
	Lanzhou	不
	Dunhuang	不
	Xining	不
	Hami	不
	Ürümqi	不
	Wuhan	不
	Yichang	不
	Xiangyang	不
	Tianmen	不
	Hong'an	不
	Chengdu	不
	Nanchong	不
	Dazhou	不
	Hanyuan	不
	Xichang	不
	Zigong	不
	Chongqing	不
	Guiyang	不
	Zunyi	不
	Bijie	不
	Zhaotong	不
	Dali	不
	Kunming	不
	Mengzi	不
	Guilin	不
Liuzhou	沒, 不
Changde	不
Anqing	不
Xuzhou	不
Fuyang	不
Wuhu	不
Yangzhou	不
Lianyungang	不
Lianshui	不
Nanjing	不
Hefei	不
Nantong	不
Malaysia	不
Singapore	不
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔
	Hong Kong	唔
	Macau	唔
	Taishan	唔
	Dongguan	唔
	Yangjiang	無
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	冇
	Hepu (Shatian)	冇
	Beihai	冇
	Beihai (Nankang)	冇
	Beihai (Yingpan)	冇
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	冇
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	冇
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	冇
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	唔
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	唔
	Móng Cái	冇
Gan	Nanchang	不
	Lichuan	不
	Pingxiang	毋
	Jianning	唔
Hakka	Meixian	唔
	Xingning	唔
	Huidong (Daling)	唔
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	唔
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	唔
	Changting	唔
	Shanghang	唔
	Wuping	唔
	Wuping (Pingyu)	唔
	Liancheng	唔
	Ninghua	唔, 不
	Qingliu	唔
	Yudu	唔
	Ruijin	唔
	Shicheng	唔
	Shangyou (Shexi)	唔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	毋
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	毋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	毋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	毋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	毋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	毋
Huizhou	Jixi	不
	Shexian	不
Jin	Taiyuan	不
	Yangyuan	不
	Datong	不
	Xinzhou	不
	Lishi	不
	Linfen	不
	Changzhi	不
	Linhe	不
	Jining	不
	Hohhot	不
	Erenhot	不
	Pingshan	不
	Zhangjiakou	不
	Handan	不
	Linzhou	不
	Suide	不
Northern Min	Jian'ou	伓, 𣍐
	Songxi	唔, 𣍐
	Zhenghe	唔, 𣍐
	Pucheng (Shibei)	伓, 𣍐
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	伓, 𣍐
	Changle	伓, 𣍐
	Lianjiang	伓, 𣍐
	Fuqing	伓, 𣍐
	Pingtan	伓, 𣍐
	Yongtai	伓, 𣍐
	Minqing	伓, 𣍐
	Gutian	伓, 𣍐
	Pingnan	伓, 𣍐
	Luoyuan	伓, 𣍐
	Fu'an	伓, 𣍐
	Ningde	伓, 𣍐
	Xiapu	伓, 𣍐
	Zherong	伓, 𣍐
	Shouning	伓, 𣍐
	Zhouning	伓, 𣍐
	Fuding	伓, 𣍐
	Matsu	伓, 𣍐
Southern Min	Xiamen	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Quanzhou	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Jinjiang	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Nan'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Shishi	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Hui'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Anxi	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Yongchun	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Dehua	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Hua'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Nanjing	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Pinghe	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangpu	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Yunxiao	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhao'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Dongshan	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Taipei	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Kaohsiung	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Tainan	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Kinmen	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Penang (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Singapore (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Manila (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Datian	毋, 𣍐
	Chaozhou	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Shantou	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Jieyang	唔
	Haifeng	唔
	Singapore (Teochew)	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Batam (Teochew)	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Pontianak (Teochew)	唔
	Leizhou	伓
	Wenchang	無
	Haikou	無
	Singapore (Hainanese)	無
Puxian Min	Putian	伓, 𣍐
	Xianyou	伓, 𣍐
Central Min	Yong'an	伓, 𣍐
	Shaxian	伓, 𣍐
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	冒, 唔
	Guangze	唔
	Jiangle	唔
	Mingxi	唔
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冇
Wu	Shanghai	勿
	Shanghai (Chongming)	弗, 勿
	Suzhou	弗
	Wuxi	弗
	Danyang	弗
	Hangzhou	不
	Ningbo	勿, 嘸沒
	Wenzhou	不
	Lishui	弗
	Qingyuan	否
	Jinhua	弗
Xiang	Changsha	不, 唔
	Loudi	不
	Shuangfeng	不

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): mài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mai³

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mài
    • Tâi-lô: mài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: maix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /mãi²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /mãi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mãi²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /mãi¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mãi²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mai²¹³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 勿

1. (Southern Min) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 莫 (“(imperative) do not; don't”).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mò
    • Wade–Giles: mo⁴
    • Yale: mwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 勿

1. Only used in 卹勿.

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Japanese

Noun

勿(ぶつ) • (butsu) 

勿(もち) • (mochi) 

1. must not, do not, be not

Kanji

勿

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. negation
2. prohibition

Readings

• Go-on: もち (mochi)
• Kan-on: ぶつ (butsu)
• On: ぼつ (botsu)
• Kun: なかれ (nakare, 勿れ); なし (nashi, 勿)

Compounds

• 勿体無(もったいな)い (mottainai): too good, wasteful
• 勿論(もちろん) (mochiron): of course, certainly
• 勿怪(もっけ)の幸(さいわ)い (mokke no saiwai): unexpected gain, bonanza, windfall

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Korean

Hanja

勿 • (mul, mol) (hangeul 물, 몰, revised mul, mol, McCune–Reischauer mul, mol)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

勿: Hán Nôm readings: vật, vặt, vất

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.