父
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
父 (Kangxi radical 88, 父+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金大 (CK), four-corner 80400, composition ⿱八乂)
- Kangxi radical #88, ⽗.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19721
- Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2039, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7236
Further reading
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
父 | |
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alternative forms | 𠇑 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 父 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – A hand holding a stone, referring to a man working with a stone axe.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (“male; father”).
Regular development from Middle Chinese would lead to the labiodental fù in Mandarin, but the colloquial word resisted the sound changes and is now written as 爸 (bà), with the 巴 (bā) phonetic component added to it to indicate the unchanged bilabial initial.
Pronunciation 1
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Definitions
- father
- 父親/父亲 ― fùqīn ― (formal) father
- 父母 ― fùmǔ ― parents; father and mother
- 父子 ― fùzǐ ― father and son
- 父女 ― fùnǚ ― father and daughter
- 父輩/父辈 ― fùbèi ― one's father's generation
- 家父 ― jiāfù ― (humble) my father
- 生父 ― shēngfù ― biological father
- 養父/养父 ― yǎngfù ― adoptive father
- 繼父/继父 ― jìfù ― stepfather
- 天父 ― tiānfù ― (Christianity) Heavenly Father
- 國父/国父 ― guófù ― father of a nation; (specifically) Father of the Republic (Sun Yat-sen)
- 雜交水稻之父/杂交水稻之父 ― zájiāo shuǐdào zhī fù ― (specifically) Father of Hybrid Rice (Yuan Longping)
- Used to address a male elder member of a family.
- 祖父 ― zǔfù ― parental grandfather (one's father's father)
- 伯父 ― bófù ― paternal uncle (father's elder brother)
- 叔父 ― shūfù ― paternal uncle (father's younger brother)
- 岳父 ― yuèfù ― father-in-law (wife's father)
- 舅父 ― jiùfù ― maternal uncle (mother's brother)
- 姨父 ― yífù ― maternal uncle (husband of mother's sister)
- 姑父 ― gūfù ― paternal uncle (husband of father's sister)
Synonyms
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
- Wade–Giles: fu3
- Yale: fǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu2
- Yale: fú
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
- Tâi-lô: hú
- Phofsit Daibuun: huo
- IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu6 / hu2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ / hú
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu³⁵/, /hu⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: pjuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)aʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*paʔ/
Definitions
- (literary, respectful) old man; elderly man
- (literary) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 甫 (fǔ, “honorific suffix used after a man's name; courtesy name”).
- a surname
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: ぶ (bu); ふ (fu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
- Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
- Kun: ちち (chichi, 父, Jōyō)
- Nanori: のり (nori)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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父 |
ちち Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese 父 (titi).
Still in modern usage.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- one's own father (male parent)
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:[1]
- 父 爲考、和名知々、日本紀私記云加曾
- Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso
- (by extension, figurative) a father figure (male initiator or founder of something)
- 近代医学の父
- kindai igaku no chichi
- the father of modern medicine
- 近代医学の父
- (Christianity) God, the Holy Father
Usage notes
When describing a family member, only used to reference one's own father; not used as a standalone noun to refer to someone else's father.
Derived terms
- 父無し子 (chichinashigo, “fatherless child”)
- 父上 (chichiue, “honourable father”, term in respect primarily used in writing)
- 父母 (chichihaha, “father and mother, both parents”)
- 父親 (chichioya, “father”, specifically as someone's parent)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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父 |
ちち > てて Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Appears in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 970 CE.[2]
Usage continued until at least the early 1700s.[2]
Pronunciation
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Noun
Derived terms
- ててうちぐり (teteuchiguri)
- 大父 (ōtete)
- 父御 (tetego)
- 父打ち母打ち (teteuchi hahauchi)
- 父無し子 (tetenashigo)
- 父無し金 (tetenashigane)
- 父君 (tetegimi)
- 父者人 (teteja hito)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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父 |
とと Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[2]
Originally a shift from chichi or tete in baby talk, used by children to refer to their own father.
Still in modern usage.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (childish) one's own father: daddy
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho:, text here, second from bottom on the right
- Antonym: 母 (kaka)
- (by later extension) a husband, master of the house
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
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父 |
ちゃん Grade: 2 |
irregular |
/totosan/ → /totːɕan/ → /t͡ɕan/
Likely a contraction of 父さん (toto-san).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (informal, possibly dialect) one's own father [from Edo to early-Meiji period]
- (by later extension) the head or master of an establishment such as a teahouse, boathouse, etc.
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
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父 |
ふ Grade: 2 |
goon |
The “father” and “uncle” affixes is from Middle Chinese 父 (MC bjuX).
The “old man” affix is from Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX).
Pronunciation
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Affix
Derived terms
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term |
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父 |
ほ Grade: 2 |
kan'yōon |
From a corruption of Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX).
Pronunciation
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Affix
Derived terms
Etymology 7
Kanji in this term |
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父 |
かそ Grade: 2 |
irregular |
⟨kaso2⟩ → */kasə/ → /kaso/ → /kazo/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE as unvoiced kaso.[4][2] Further derivation unknown.[2]
May have fallen out of use by 1603, when neither kaso nor kazo are found in the Nippo Jisho. Kaso would be here as the sixth entry from the bottom on the left, and kazo would be here as the eighth from the bottom on the right.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (obsolete) one's own father
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:[1]
- 父 爲考、和名知々、日本紀私記云加曾
- Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso
Derived terms
- 父母 (kazo iroha)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
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Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 父 (MC bjuX, “father”). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〮 (pwú) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
- 가부 (家父, gabu)
- 계부 (繼父, gyebu)
- 고조부 (高祖父, gojobu)
- 군부 (君父, gunbu)
- 내부 (乃父, naebu)
- 노부/로부 (老父, nobu/robu)
- 대부 (代父, daebu)
- 망부 (亡父, mangbu)
- 백부 (伯父, baekbu)
- 부계 (父系, bugye)
- 부권 (父權, bugwon)
- 부녀 (父女, bunyeo)
- 부도 (父道, budo)
- 부로 (父老, buro)
- 부명 (父命, bumyeong)
- 부모 (父母, bumo)
- 부사 (父師, busa)
- 부사지 (父事之, busaji)
- 부선망 (父先亡, buseonmang)
- 부자 (父子, buja)
- 부조 (父祖, bujo)
- 부주전 (父主前, bujujeon)
- 부집 (父執, bujip)
- 부친 (父親, buchin)
- 부형 (父兄, buhyeong)
- 빙부 (聘父, bingbu)
- 사부 (師父, sabu)
- 생부 (生父, saengbu)
- 성부 (聖父, seongbu)
- 숙부 (叔父, sukbu)
- 신부 (神父, sinbu)
- 악부 (岳父, akbu)
- 양부 (養父, yangbu)
- 어부 (漁父, eobu)
- 엄부 (嚴父, eombu)
- 왕부 (王父, wangbu)
- 유부 (猶父, yubu)
- 의부 (義父, uibu)
- 이부 (李父, ibu)
- 자부 (慈父, jabu)
- 제부 (諸父, jebu)
- 조부 (祖父, jobu)
- 조부모 (祖父母, jobumo)
- 족대부 (族大父, jokdaebu)
- 족조부 (族祖父, jokjobu)
- 증조부 (曾祖父, jeungjobu)
- 천부 (天父, cheonbu)
- 친부 (親父, chinbu)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX, “old man; elderly man”).
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Old Japanese
Etymology 1
Reduplication of ti below.[1]
Noun
父 (titi) (kana ちち)
- one's own father
- , text here
- ...奥床仁母者睡有外床丹父者寐有...
- ...okuto2ko2 ni papa pa inetari to1do2ko2 ni titi pa inetari...
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Antonym: 母 (omo, papa)
- , text here
Derived terms
Descendants
- Japanese: 父 (chichi, tete, toto)
Etymology 2
Eastern dialect of titi above.
Noun
父 (sisi) (kana しし)
Derived terms
Etymology 3
From Proto-Japonic *ti.
Noun
父 (ti) (kana ち)
- (honorific) a term of respect for males
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 48:
- 加志能布邇余久須袁都久理余久須邇迦美斯意富美岐宇麻良爾岐許志母知袁勢麻呂賀知
- kasi no2 pu ni yo2kusu wo tukuri yo2kusu ni kami1si opomi1ki1 umara ni ki1ko2simo2tiwose maro2 ga ti
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Note: Poem 39 of the Nihon Shoki is similar to this but replaces 迦美斯 (kami1si) with 伽綿蘆 (kame1ru).
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Unknown.[2]
Noun
父 (kaso2) (kana かそ)
- one's own father
- 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Ninken, entry 11: sixth year, ninth month in autumn:
- 菱城邑人鹿父〈鹿父、人名也。俗、呼父為柯曾〉聞而向前曰「何哭之哀甚、若此乎」。
- A man of Pisikï village, Kakasö (his name is Kakasö; it was customary to call one's father kasö) heard [the woman's] cries, turned to her, and asked, “Why these cries of grief, young one?”
- Antonym: 母 (iro2pa)
Descendants
- Japanese: 父 (kazo)
References
Vietnamese
Han character
父: Hán Việt readings: phụ (
父: Nôm readings: phụ[1][3][5], phủ[1]
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 父 (MC bjuX, “father”).
Affix
父 (phụ)
Derived terms
References
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- CJKV radicals
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Middle Chinese lemmas
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- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぶ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ほ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ちち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のり
- Japanese terms spelled with 父 read as ちち
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 父
- Japanese single-kanji terms
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- ja:Christianity
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese childish terms
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- Japanese terms spelled with 父 read as ふ
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms spelled with 父 read as ほ
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- ja:Family
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
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- Regional Old Japanese
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- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
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