養

See also: 养

養 U+990A, 養 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-990A ← 餉 [U+9909] CJK Unified Ideographs 餋 → [U+990B]

Translingual

Han character

養 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+6, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿人戈日女 (TOIAV), four-corner 8073₂, composition ⿱𦍌食)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1419, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44144
• Dae Jaweon: page 1943, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4452, character 8
• Unihan data for U+990A

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Chinese

trad.		養
simp.		养
alternative forms		䍩 𢼝 𢽁 𩛬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (養) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鯗	*slaŋʔ
養	*laŋʔ, *laŋs
癢	*laŋʔ
瀁	*laŋʔ, *laŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) + semantic 食 (“to feed”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to tend cattle; to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to keep; to nurture”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 養

1. to raise; to rear

   養豬／养猪  ―  yǎng zhū  ―  to raise pigs

   養狗／养狗  ―  yǎng gǒu  ―  to pet a dog

2. to support; to provide for; to bring up

   養家／养家  ―  yǎngjiā  ―  to support a family

   他是奶奶養大的。 [MSC, trad.]
   他是奶奶养大的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā shì nǎinai yǎng dà de. [Pinyin]

   He was raised by his grandma.

   佢父母仲有收入，唔使佢養。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢父母仲有收入，唔使佢养。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ fu⁶ mou⁵ zung⁶ jau⁵ sau¹ jap⁶, m⁴ sai² keoi⁵ joeng⁵. [Jyutping]

   His parents still have income and don't need to be provided for by him.

3. to give birth to
4. to rest; to convalesce

   養病／养病  ―  yǎngbìng  ―  to convalesce

   養肝明目／养肝明目  ―  yǎng gān míng mù  ―  to nourish the liver and improve vision

   • 把豬也還與王家，再折些須銀子給他養那打壞了的腿。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     把猪也还与王家，再折些须银子给他养那打坏了的腿。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE

     Bǎ zhū yě huán yǔ Wáng jiā, zài zhé xiēxū yínzi gěi tā yǎng nà dǎ huài le de tuǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. to maintain

   養路／养路  ―  yǎnglù  ―  to maintain a road or railway

6. to cultivate; to form

   要養成每天運動的習慣 [MSC, trad.]
   要养成每天运动的习惯 [MSC, simp.]

   yào yǎng chéng měitiān yùndòng de xíguàn [Pinyin]

   One needs to cultivate the habit of exercising daily.

7. to let one's hair grow
8. to support; to help

   以農養工／以农养工  ―  yǐ nóng yǎng gōng  ―  to use agriculture to support industries

9. (in compounds) foster; adoptive

   養父母／养父母  ―  yǎngfùmǔ  ―  foster parents

10. accomplishment; cultivation

    素養／素养  ―  sùyǎng  ―  accomplishment

11. 81st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "fostering" (𝍖)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 養 (“to raise; to rear (animals)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		飼, 養, 畜
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		養, 餵養, 飼養, 畜養
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	養
	Malaysia	養
	Singapore	養
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	養
Central Plains Mandarin	Xuzhou	餵
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	養
Cantonese	Guangzhou	養
	Hong Kong	養
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	養
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	養, 分
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	養
	Taishan	養
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	養
	Singapore (Guangfu)	養
Gan	Nanchang	養
	Lichuan	供
	Pingxiang	養
Hakka	Meixian	養, 畜
	Changting	供
	Wuping	供, 畜
	Liancheng	喂, 供
	Ninghua	供
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	畜, 養
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	畜, 養
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	畜, 養
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	畜, 養
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	畜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	供
	Hong Kong	養
	Senai (Huiyang)	養
Huizhou	Jixi	供
Jin	Taiyuan	養
Northern Min	Jian'ou	飼
	Songxi	飼
	Zhenghe	飼
	Jianyang	飼
	Wuyishan	飼
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	養, 飼
	Fuzhou (Changle)	養
	Lianjiang	飼
	Fuqing	養
	Pingtan	養, 飼
	Yongtai	養
	Minqing	養, 飼
	Gutian	養, 飼
	Pingnan	飼
	Luoyuan	飼
	Fu'an	飼
	Ningde	飼
	Xiapu	飼
	Zherong	飼
	Shouning	飼
	Zhouning	飼
	Fuding	飼
Southern Min	Xiamen	飼
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	飼
	Quanzhou	飼
	Jinjiang	飼
	Nan'an	飼
	Shishi	飼
	Hui'an	飼
	Anxi	飼
	Yongchun	飼
	Dehua	飼
	Zhangzhou	飼
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	飼
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	飼
	Hua'an	飼
	Nanjing	飼
	Pinghe	飼
	Zhangpu	飼
	Yunxiao	飼
	Zhao'an	飼
	Dongshan	飼
	Taipei	飼
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	飼
	Kaohsiung	飼
	Yilan	飼
	Changhua (Lukang)	飼
	Taichung	飼
	Tainan	飼
	Hsinchu	飼
	Kinmen	飼
	Penghu (Magong)	飼
	Penang (Hokkien)	飼
	Singapore (Hokkien)	飼
	Longyan	飼
	Zhangping	飼
	Datian	飼
	Chaozhou	飼
	Shantou	飼
	Jieyang	飼
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	飼
	Singapore (Teochew)	飼
	Leizhou	飼
	Wenchang	飼
	Haikou	飼
Puxian Min	Putian	飼
	Xianyou	飼
Central Min	Yong'an	供
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	供
	Sanming (Shaxian)	供
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	養
Wu	Shanghai	養
	Danyang	養
	Hangzhou	養

Dialectal synonyms of 養 (“to raise; to provide for (people)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		養
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	養
	Singapore	養
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	養
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	養
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	養
Cantonese	Hong Kong	養
	Singapore (Guangfu)	養
Gan	Nanchang	養
	Pingxiang	養
Huizhou	Jixi	養
Jin	Taiyuan	養
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	養
Southern Min	Xiamen	飼
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	飼
	Quanzhou	飼
	Yongchun	飼
	Zhangzhou	飼
	Tainan	飼
	Singapore (Hokkien)	飼
	Chaozhou	飼
	Singapore (Teochew)	飼
	Wenchang	飼
	Haikou	飼
	Qionghai	飼
Wu	Shanghai	養
	Danyang	養
	Hangzhou	養

Descendants

• → Proto-Tai: *liəŋꟲ (“to raise”)
  • Thai: เลี้ยง (líiang, “to raise, to bring up”)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yàng (yang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yàng
    • Wade–Giles: yang⁴
    • Yale: yàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanq
    • Palladius: ян (jan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: joeng⁶
    • Yale: yeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: yangH

Rime
Character	養
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘亮切
Baxter	yangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/iaŋH/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	養
Reading #	2/2
No.	14616
Phonetic component	養
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	漾
Old Chinese	/*laŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 養

1. to support and provide for (parents or elder relatives)

References

• “養”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	養
Kyūjitai

Kanji

養

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kun: やしなう (yashinau, 養う, Jōyō)
• Nanori: かい (kai)

Compounds

Compounds

• 養育(よういく) (yōiku)
• 養家(ようか) (yōka)
• 養魚(ようぎょ) (yōgyo): fish farming, fish breeding, fish culture, pisciculture
• 養鶏(ようけい) (yōkei): poultry farming, chicken raising
• 養子(ようし) (yōshi)
• 養殖(ようしょく) (yōshoku)
• 養成(ようせい) (yōsei)
• 養豚(ようとん) (yōton): porciculture
• 養父(ようふ) (yōfu)
• 養分(ようぶん) (yōbun)
• 養母(ようぼ) (yōbo)
• 養鯉(ようり) (yōri): carp farming
• 養老(ようろう) (yōrō): Retired

Kanji in this term
養
よう Grade: 4
on'yomi

Affix

養(よう) • (yō) ^{←やう (yau)?}

1. to raise; to rear; to bring up
2. to support

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Korean

Hanja

養 (eumhun 기를 양 (gireul yang))

1. hanja form^? of 양 (“to raise”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

養: Hán Nôm readings: dưỡng, dẳng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.