豺狼

Chinese

		dhole	wolf
simp. and trad. (豺狼)		豺	狼

Etymology

Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cháiláng

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞˊ ㄌㄤˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цэлон (celon, III-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caai⁴ long⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sài-lòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sai² long²

• Northern Min (KCR): cǎi-lǒng
• Eastern Min (BUC): chài-lòng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): châi-lông

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháiláng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ ㄌㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháiláng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻai²-lang²
    • Yale: chái-láng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chairlang
    • Palladius: чайлан (čajlan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цэлон (celon, III-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴ lɑŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: caai⁴ long⁴
    • Yale: chàaih lòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai⁴ long⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cai⁴ long⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ lɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sài-lòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: saiˇ longˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sai² long²
    • Sinological IPA: /sai̯¹¹ loŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sai² long²
    • Sinological IPA: /saɪ¹¹ lɔŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎi-lǒng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹ lɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chài-lòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵³⁻³³ l̃ouŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi-lông
    • Tâi-lô: tsâi-lông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zailoong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzreaj lang

Rime
Character	豺	狼
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	士皆切	魯當切
Baxter	dzreaj	lang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛi/	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæi/	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒɐi/	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨj/	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛi/	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒɐi/	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăi/	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chái	láng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caai4	long4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrə  [r]ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯː  raːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豺	狼
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chái	láng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzreaj ›	‹ lang ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁrə/	/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English	wolf	wolf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豺	狼
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1066	8019
Phonetic component	才	良
Rime group	之	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	豺	郎
Old Chinese	/*zrɯː/	/*raːŋ/
Notes		甲文作𤜪

Noun

豺狼

1. (literary) the dhole and the wolf

   • 豺狼在牢，其羊不繁。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version

     Cháiláng zài láo, qí yáng bù fán. [Pinyin]

     When dholes and wolves are in the pen, sheep never will flourish.

   • 夫畜池魚者必去猵獺，養禽獸者必去豺狼，又況治人乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫畜池鱼者必去猵獭，养禽兽者必去豺狼，又况治人乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE

     Fú xù chíyú zhě bì qù biāntǎ, yǎng qínshòu zhě bì qù cháiláng, yòu kuàng zhì rén hū! [Pinyin]

     One who raises fish in ponds needs to fend off otters; one who rears fowls and livestock needs to fend off dholes and wolves; let alone more to govern people!

2. (literary, figurative) evil, cruel person
3. (dialectal or loosely) wolf (Classifier: 隻／只 m)

   • 這隻豺狼食了一隻羊。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     这只豺狼食了一只羊。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1878, 郭贊生 [Kwok Chan Sang], trans., 《文法初階》 [Chinese & English Grammar for Beginners: Being an Introduction to Allen and Cornwell's English School Grammar], page 77

     Zhè zhī cháiláng shí le yī zhī yáng. [Pinyin]

     The wolf killed a lamb.

   • 豺狼必與羊羔同食；獅子必吃草與牛一樣；塵土必作蛇的食物。在我聖山的遍處，這一切都不傷人，不害物。這是耶和華說的。 [MSC, trad.]
     豺狼必与羊羔同食；狮子必吃草与牛一样；尘土必作蛇的食物。在我圣山的遍处，这一切都不伤人，不害物。这是耶和华说的。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 以賽亞書 (Isaiah) 65:25

     Cháiláng bì yǔ yánggāo tóng shí; shīzi bì chī cǎo yǔ niú yīyàng; chéntǔ bì zuò shé de shíwù. Zài wǒ shèngshān de biànchù, zhè yīqiè dōu bù shāng rén, bù hài wù. Zhè shì Yēhéhuá shuō de. [Pinyin]

     The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the bullock: and dust shall be the serpent's meat. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the Lord.

Synonyms

• (wolf):

Dialectal synonyms of 狼 (“wolf”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		狼
Mandarin	Beijing	狼
	Taiwan	狼
	Tianjin	狼
	Chengde	狼
	Tangshan	狼
	Cangzhou	狼
	Baoding	狼
	Shijiazhuang	狼
	Chifeng	狼
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	狼
	Heihe	狼
	Qiqihar	張三兒
	Harbin	狼, 張三兒
	Jiamusi	狼, 狼三兒, 張三兒
	Baicheng	狼
	Changchun	狼
	Tonghua	狼
	Shenyang	狼
	Dandong	狼, 張三
	Jinzhou	狼, 張三兒
	Dalian	狼
	Yantai	狼, 媽虎
	Yantai (Muping)	狼, 麻胡
	Qingdao	狼, 媽虎
	Lijin	狼, 媽虎
	Zhucheng	狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
	Jinan	狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
	Jining	狼, 大媽虎
	Luoyang	狼, 狼扒子
	Wanrong	狼
	Shangqiu	狼
	Yuanyang	狼
	Zhengzhou	狼
	Lingbao	狼
	Xinyang	狼, 大尾巴狗
	Baihe	狼
	Hanzhong	狼
	Xi'an	狼
	Baoji	狼
	Yinchuan	狼
	Tianshui	狼
	Lanzhou	狼
	Dunhuang	狼
	Xining	狼狼, 狼
	Hami	狼
	Ürümqi	狼
	Wuhan	狼, 豺狗, 豺狗子
	Yichang	狼, 野狗, 豺狗
	Xiangyang	狼, 豺狼
	Tianmen	狼, 豺狗
	Hong'an	狼, 豺狗
	Chengdu	狼
	Nanchong	狼
	Dazhou	狼
	Hanyuan	狼
	Xichang	狼, 豺狗子, 豺狗
	Zigong	狼
	Chongqing	狼
	Guiyang	豺狗
	Zunyi	豺狗
	Bijie	豺狗
	Liping	狼
	Zhaotong	土豹子
	Dali	豺狗
Kunming	野狗, 豺狗
Mengzi	豺狗
Guilin	狼
Liuzhou	狼, 豺狼
Jishou	狼, 豺狗
Changde	豺狼
Anqing	狼
Xuzhou	狼
Fuyang	狼
Wuhu	狼
Yangzhou	狼
Lianyungang	狼
Lianshui	狼
Nanjing	狼
Hefei	狼
Nantong	狼
Singapore	狼
Cantonese	Guangzhou	狼
	Hong Kong	狼
	Dongguan	狼
	Yangjiang	狼
Gan	Nanchang	狼, 豺狗
Hakka	Meixian	豺狼
Huizhou	Jixi	狼
	Shexian	狼
Jin	Taiyuan	狼, 麻胡子, 麻虎, 麻圪節, 麻圪夾
	Pingyao	麻胡
	Yangyuan	狼
	Datong	狼
	Xinzhou	狼
	Lishi	狼, 山神爺兒
	Linfen	狼, 麻虎兒
	Changzhi	狼
	Linhe	狼
	Jining	狼
	Hohhot	狼
	Erenhot	狼
	Pingshan	狼
	Zhangjiakou	狼
	Handan	狼
	Linzhou	狼
	Suide	狼, 山神爺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	狼
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	狼
Southern Min	Xiamen	狼
	Quanzhou	狼
	Jinjiang	普狸
	Chaozhou	狼, 豺狗
	Jieyang	豺狗
Central Min	Yong'an	狼
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	狼
Wu	Shanghai	狼
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	狼
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	狼
	Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	狼
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	狼
	Suzhou	狼
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	狼
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	狼
	Wuxi	狼
	Changshu	狼
	Kunshan	狼
	Jiaxing	狼
	Changzhou	狼
	Liyang	狼
	Jintan	狼
	Yixing	狼
	Danyang	狼
	Danyang (Tongjiaqiao)	狼
	Jingjiang	狼
	Jiangyin	狼
	Huzhou (Shuanglin)	狼
	Hangzhou	狼
	Shaoxing	狼
	Zhuji (Wangjiajing)	狼
	Shengzhou (Chongren)	狼
	Shengzhou (Taiping)	狼
	Ningbo	狼
	Yuyao	狼
	Huangyan	狼
	Wenzhou	狼, 狼狗
	Quzhou	狼
	Jinhua	狼
	Yongkang	狼
Xiang	Changsha	狼
	Shuangfeng	狼, 山馬

Derived terms

• 豺狼座 (Cháilángzuò)
• 豺狼當道／豺狼当道 (cháilángdāngdào)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (豺狼):

• → Japanese: 豺狼(さいろう) (sairō)
• → Korean: 시랑(豺狼) (sirang)
• → Vietnamese: sài lang (豺狼)