阿
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See also: 䧁
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]阿 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓中一弓口 (NLMNR), four-corner 71220, composition ⿰阝可)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1348, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41599
- Dae Jaweon: page 1850, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4119, character 11
- Unihan data for U+963F
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
阿 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 阿 |
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Warring States |
Bronze inscriptions |
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Old Chinese | |
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砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
柯 | *kaːl |
菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
牁 | *kaːl |
滒 | *kaːl |
哥 | *kaːl |
歌 | *kaːl |
謌 | *kaːl |
鴚 | *kaːl |
哿 | *kaːlʔ |
舸 | *kaːlʔ |
笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
珂 | *kʰaːl |
可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
訶 | *qʰaːl |
抲 | *qʰaːl |
荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
河 | *ɡaːl |
苛 | *ɡaːl |
魺 | *ɡaːl |
袔 | *ɡaːls |
阿 | *qaːl |
妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
鈳 | *qaːl |
娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
痾 | *qaːl |
跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qaːl) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound.
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT). Compare possibly Burmese အ- (a.-, “idem”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): a1
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): åq
- Cantonese (Jyutping): aa3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): â
- Eastern Min (BUC): ă / ŏ̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1a; 1u; 7aq / 1a; 1ou; 7aeq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: a
- Wade–Giles: a1
- Yale: ā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: a
- Palladius: а (a)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: à
- Wade–Giles: a4
- Yale: à
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ah
- Palladius: а (a)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀä⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: a1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: a
- Sinological IPA (key): /a⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: åq
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): aq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /aʔ⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: aa3
- Yale: a
- Cantonese Pinyin: aa3
- Guangdong Romanization: a3
- Sinological IPA (key): /aː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: â
- Hakka Romanization System: aˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: a1
- Sinological IPA: /a²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ă / ŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /a⁵⁵/, /o⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ă - vernacular;
- ŏ̤ - literary.
Note:
- a - vernacular;
- o - literary.
Note: 4aq - senses 1, 2, 3 only.
Definitions
[edit]阿
- Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects).
- Alternative forms: (dated) 亞/亚, (Hong Kong Cantonese neologism) 牙
- 阿爸 ― ābà ― dad
- 阿扁 ― Ā Biǎn ― Ah Bian (Chen Shui-bian)
- 《阿Q正傳》/《阿Q正传》 ― “Āqiū Zhèngzhuàn” ― The True Story of Ah Q
- (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms.
- 阿兄 [Hokkien] ― a-hiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― eldest brother
- (Nanjing Mandarin, Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Interrogative particle
- Alternative form of 啊 (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, “particle”)
- Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”).
- Short for 阿爾巴尼亞/阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”).
- Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”).
- atto- (SI unit prefix)
Compounds
[edit]- 以阿戰爭/以阿战争
- 巴依阿瓦提 (Bāyī'āwǎtí)
- 打阿老
- 沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó)
- 紅頭阿三/红头阿三
- 老阿呆
- 英阿瓦提 (Yīng'āwǎtí)
- 邁亞美/迈亚美 (Màiyàměi)
- 邁阿密/迈阿密 (Mài'āmì)
- 阿Q
- 阿Sir
- 阿三 (āsān)
- 阿三哥
- 阿也
- 阿亞圖拉/阿亚图拉 (āyàtúlā)
- 阿仙藥/阿仙药 (āxiānyào)
- 阿伐射線/阿伐射线
- 阿伐粒子
- 阿伐蛻變/阿伐蜕变
- 阿伯 (ābó)
- 阿伽陀 (āqiétuó)
- 阿依庫勒/阿依库勒 (Āyīkùlè)
- 阿修羅/阿修罗 (āxiūluó)
- 阿僧祇 (āsēngqí)
- 阿兄 (āxiōng)
- 阿克塞 (Ākèsài)
- 阿克塞哈薩克族自治縣/阿克塞哈萨克族自治县 (Ākèsài Hāsàkèzú Zìzhìxiàn)
- 阿克托海 (Ākètuōhǎi)
- 阿克提坎墩 (Ākètíkǎndūn)
- 阿克薩拉依/阿克萨拉依 (Ākèsàlāyī)
- 阿克蘇/阿克苏 (Ākèsū)
- 阿克賽欽/阿克赛钦 (Ākèsàiqīn)
- 阿克陶 (Ākètáo)
- 阿兜眼
- 阿公 (āgōng)
- 阿六仔
- 阿共仔 (a-kiōng-á) (Hokkien)
- 阿兵哥 (ābīnggē)
- 阿其克 (Āqíkè)
- 阿利安人
- 阿利曼
- 阿加西 (ājiāxī)
- 阿勃勒
- 阿叔 (āshū)
- 阿合雅 (Āhéyǎ)
- 阿呀
- 阿吽 (āhōng)
- 阿吠斯陀
- 阿呼地獄/阿呼地狱
- 阿咸
- 阿哥哥 (āgēgē)
- 阿啄仔 (a-tok-á) (Hokkien)
- 阿嚏 (ātì)
- 阿圖什/阿图什 (Ātúshí)
- 阿坶坪
- 阿堵 (ādǔ)
- 阿堵物 (ādǔwù)
- 阿塞拜疆 (Āsàibàijiāng)
- 阿多尼斯 (Āduōnísī)
- 阿大 (ādà)
- 阿奇毛 (āqímáo)
- 阿奴
- 阿妗 (aa3 kam5) (Cantonese)
- 阿姊
- 阿姆 (āmǔ)
- 阿妹 (āmèi)
- 阿姑 (āgū)
- 阿姆河 (Āmǔhé)
- 阿姨 (āyí)
- 阿娘 (āniáng)
- 阿婆 (āpó)
- 阿媽/阿妈
- 阿嬌/阿娇
- 阿嬭/阿奶
- 阿家
- 阿家翁
- 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn)
- 阿富汗尼 (āfùhànní)
- 阿富羅底/阿富罗底
- 阿小
- 阿尼林 (ānílín)
- 阿山 (a-soaⁿ) (Hokkien)
- 阿巴丹
- 阿布達比/阿布达比 (Ābù Dábǐ)
- 阿弟 (ādì)
- 阿必尚
- 阿恰勒 (Āqiàlè)
- 阿恰塔格 (Āqiàtǎgé)
- 阿戎 (āróng)
- 阿扎西 (āzhāxī)
- 阿托品 (ātuōpǐn)
- 阿拉 (ālā)
- 阿拉伯 (Ālābó)
- 阿拉伯膠/阿拉伯胶 (ālābó jiāo)
- 阿拉伯語/阿拉伯语 (ālābóyǔ)
- 阿拉哈格 (Ālāhāgé)
- 阿拉拉夸拉 (Ālālākuālā)
- 阿拉木汗
- 阿拉法
- 阿拉爾/阿拉尔 (Ālā'ěr)
- 阿提密斯
- 阿摩尼亞/阿摩尼亚 (āmóníyà)
- 阿撒不魯/阿撒不鲁 (āsǎbùlǔ)
- 阿撒布魯/阿撒布鲁 (āsǎbùlǔ)
- 阿斗 (ādǒu)
- 阿斯匹靈/阿斯匹灵 (āsīpǐlíng)
- 阿斯嘉特 (Āsījiātè)
- 阿旁
- 阿日希 (Ārìxī)
- 阿昌族 (Āchāngzú)
- 阿曼 (Āmàn)
- 阿月渾子/阿月浑子 (āyuèhúnzǐ)
- 阿根廷 (Āgēntíng)
- 阿檀
- 阿母 (āmǔ)
- 阿比
- 阿毗曇/阿毗昙
- 阿毗達磨/阿毗达磨
- 阿沙不魯/阿沙不鲁 (a-sa-puh-luh) (Hokkien)
- 阿波羅/阿波罗 (Ābōluó)
- 阿洪
- 阿洪魯庫木/阿洪鲁库木 (Āhóng Lǔkùmù)
- 阿混
- 阿澤西/阿泽西 (āzéxī)
- 阿災/阿灾 (āzāi)
- 阿熱勒/阿热勒 (Ārèlè)
- 阿父 (āfù)
- 阿爸 (ābà)
- 阿爹 (ādiē)
- 阿爺/阿爷 (āyé)
- 阿爾及爾/阿尔及尔 (Ā'ěrjí'ěr)
- 阿爾斯太/阿尔斯太
- 阿爾泰山/阿尔泰山 (Ā'ěrtài Shān)
- 阿爾金山/阿尔金山 (Ā'ěrjīn Shān)
- 阿片 (āpiàn)
- 阿物兒/阿物儿
- 阿特拉斯 (Ātèlāsī)
- 阿猴 (Āhóu)
- 阿獃/阿呆 (ādāi)
- 阿珠媽/阿珠妈 (āzhūmā)
- 阿環/阿环
- 阿瓦
- 阿瓦提 (Āwǎtí)
- 阿監/阿监 (ājiān)
- 阿瞞/阿瞒 (Āmán)
- 阿空卡瓜
- 阿米巴 (āmǐbā)
- 阿緱/阿缑 (Āgōu)
- 阿羅漢/阿罗汉 (āluóhàn)
- 阿羌 (Āqiāng)
- 阿美族 (Āměizú)
- 阿翁
- 阿耨多羅/阿耨多罗 (ānòuduōluó)
- 阿耶
- 阿育王 (Āyùwáng)
- 阿肯色州
- 阿胡拉·馬茲達/阿胡拉·马兹达 (Āhúlā Mǎzīdá)
- 阿膠版/阿胶版
- 阿舅 (ājiù)
- 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)
- 阿莎力 (āshālì)
- 阿蓮/阿莲 (Ālián)
- 阿薩不魯/阿萨不鲁 (āsàbùlǔ)
- 阿薩姆/阿萨姆 (Āsàmǔ)
- 阿薩密省/阿萨密省
- 阿薩布魯/阿萨布鲁 (āsàbùlǔ)
- 阿蘇山/阿苏山
- 阿蘭若/阿兰若 (ālánrě)
- 阿蛇
- 阿訇 (āhōng)
- 阿誰/阿谁
- 阿諾德/阿诺德 (Ānuòdé)
- 阿貓阿狗/阿猫阿狗 (āmāo'āgǒu)
- 阿迪格 (Ādígé)
- 阿迪格語/阿迪格语 (ādígéyǔ)
- 阿連/阿连 (ālián)
- 阿速坡 (Āsùpō)
- 阿達/阿达 (āda)
- 阿那含
- 阿郎
- 阿郎雜碎/阿郎杂碎
- 阿里 (Ālǐ)
- 阿里山 (Ālǐshān)
- 阿里郎 (Ālǐláng)
- 阿門/阿门 (āmén)
- 阿闍梨/阿阇梨 (āshélí)
- 阿阿
- 阿飛/阿飞 (āfēi)
- 阿香
- 阿馬/阿马 (Āmǎ)
- 阿馬達/阿马达
- 阿魯/阿鲁
- 阿鼻 (ābí)
- 阿鼻地獄/阿鼻地狱 (ābí dìyù)
- 鬍子阿姨/胡子阿姨
See also
[edit]SI prefix | ||
---|---|---|
Last | Next | |
飛/飞 (fēi) | 阿 | 介/仄 |
Descendants
[edit]- → English: Ah
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): o1
- Eastern Min (BUC): ŏ̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1o
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: e
- Wade–Giles: o1
- Yale: ē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: e
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: o1
- Yale: ō
- Cantonese Pinyin: o1
- Guangdong Romanization: o1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /o⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- o - vernacular;
- o͘ - literary.
- Middle Chinese: 'a
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤa[j]/, /*ʔˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qaːl/
Definitions
[edit]阿
- big mound; mountain
- hillside
- fine silks
- (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner
- waterside
- nearby; near
- to flatter; to pander to
- to be unfairly partial to
- Alternative form of 屙 (ē, “to excrete”)
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 不阿 (bù'ē)
- 依阿兩可/依阿两可
- 依阿取容
- 倒持泰阿
- 偏阿
- 剛正不阿/刚正不阿 (gāngzhèngbù'ē)
- 卷阿
- 執法不阿/执法不阿
- 太阿 (tài'ē)
- 太阿之柄
- 太阿倒持 (Tài'ē dàochí)
- 太阿在握
- 奉公不阿
- 守正不阿
- 山阿
- 崇阿
- 打悲阿
- 持正不阿
- 方正不阿
- 曲學阿世/曲学阿世 (qūxué'ēshì)
- 柴立不阿
- 歙漆阿膠/歙漆阿胶
- 泰阿
- 泰阿倒持
- 纖阿/纤阿
- 迎阿
- 阿井
- 阿保
- 阿保之功
- 阿保之勞/阿保之劳
- 阿其所好
- 阿匼
- 阿好
- 阿媚
- 阿尊事貴/阿尊事贵
- 阿屎
- 阿巴桑
- 阿彌陀佛/阿弥陀佛
- 阿彌陀經/阿弥陀经
- 阿意曲從/阿意曲从
- 阿意順旨/阿意顺旨
- 阿房
- 阿房宮/阿房宫
- 阿房宮賦/阿房宫赋
- 阿是穴 (āshìxué)
- 阿私
- 阿膠/阿胶 (ējiāo)
- 阿衡
- 阿諂/阿谄 (ēchǎn)
- 阿諛/阿谀 (ēyú)
- 阿諛取容/阿谀取容
- 阿諛奉承/阿谀奉承 (ēyúfèngchéng)
- 阿諛趨奉/阿谀趋奉
- 阿諛逢迎/阿谀逢迎
- 阿諛順意/阿谀顺意
- 阿諛順旨/阿谀顺旨
- 阿邑
- 阿金溺銀/阿金溺银
- 阿閣/阿阁
- 阿附 (ēfù)
- 阿順取容/阿顺取容
- 阿魏
- 阿黨/阿党
- 陽阿/阳阿
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]阿
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
阿 |
あ Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 阿 (MC 'a).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- The first letter of Sanskrit, अ (a).
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Affix
[edit]- to flatter; to pander to
- ridge (of roof); eaves
- A prefix expressing familiarity.
- Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit.
- Short for アフリカ (Afurika, “Africa”).
- Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, “Awa Province”).
Derived terms
[edit]phonetic element
- 阿修羅 (ashura, “Asura”)
- 阿僧祇 (asōgi, “Asaṃkhyeya”)
- 阿毘達磨 (abidatsuma, “Abhidharma”)
- 阿弗利加 (afurika, “Africa”)
- 阿片 (ahen, “opium”)
- 阿弥陀 (amida, “Amitābha”)
- 阿蘭陀 (oranda, “Holland; The Netherlands”)
others
- 阿呆 (ahō)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
阿 |
くま Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 阿 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 阿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]阿 (eumhun 언덕 아 (eondeok a))
阿 (eumhun 호칭 옥 (hoching ok))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]阿: Hán Việt readings: a, á
阿: Nôm readings: a, à
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms borrowed from English
- Chinese terms derived from English
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Chinese particles
- Mandarin particles
- Sichuanese particles
- Cantonese particles
- Hakka particles
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