屎

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屎 U+5C4E, 屎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C4E
← 屍
[U+5C4D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 屏 →
[U+5C4F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

屎 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 77294, composition ⿸尸米)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689
  • Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5C4E

Chinese[edit]

trad. 屎
simp. # 屎
alternative forms
 
𦳊
宩
𡱁
𡲑
𡲔
𦳊
宩
𡱁
𡲑
𡲔
𡲖
𥺶
𥻐

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 屎
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (尸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
杘 *l̥ʰis
尸 *hli
鳲 *hli
屍 *hli, *hlis
屎 *hliʔ, *hri

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted[1] into 米.

Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added[1] to represent the meaning of walking.

Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged:

  • The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁;
  • Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶;
  • Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵;
  • The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝;
  • The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑;
  • The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍;
  • Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩.

All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sái - vernacular;
  • sí/sír/sú - literary.
Note: 5u - see 惡.
Rime
Character 屎
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式視切
Baxter syijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕjiX/
Li
Rong 		/ɕjiX/
Wang
Li 		/ɕiX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 屎
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syijX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[qʰ]ijʔ/
English excrement

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 屎
Reading # 1/2
No. 11399
Phonetic
component 		尸
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		矢
Old
Chinese 		/*hliʔ/

Definitions[edit]

屎

  1. excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤／笃 c; 坺 c; 箍 mn)
  2. secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
  3. residue; waste; debris
  4. (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
  5. (vulgar) useless thing
  6. (Cantonese) bad; poor; of inferior quality
    我啲英文講得好屎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我啲英文讲得好屎。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 di1 jing1 man4-2 gong2 dak1 hou2 si2. [Jyutping]
    I speak terrible English.
Synonyms[edit]
  • (excrement):
Dialectal synonyms of 屎 (“faeces”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 糞, 屎, 糞便, 大便, 大恭
Mandarin Beijing 屎, 大外, 㞎㞎 childish
Taiwan 大便, 屎
Harbin 屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Yantai (Muping) 屎
Jinan 屎, 大糞, 㞎㞎 childish
Luoyang 屎, 屎㞎㞎 childish
Wanrong 屎
Xi'an 屎
Yinchuan 屎
Lanzhou 屎
Xining 大便
Ürümqi 屎
Wuhan 㞎㞎, 屎, 大糞, 糞, 糟兒 slang, 米田共 argot
Chengdu 屎, 屎㞎衣兒, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎㞎 childish
Guiyang 屎, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎兒 childish
Liuzhou 屎, 癟, 大便
Xuzhou 屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Yangzhou 屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Nanjing 屎
Malaysia 屎, 大便
Singapore 屎, 大便
Cantonese Guangzhou 屎, 茄
Hong Kong 屎, 茄, 大便, 米田共 slang, 便便 childish, 唔唔 childish, 臭臭 childish, 坺坺 childish
Macau 屎
Zhuhai (Doumen) 屎, 茄
Dongguan 屎
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 屎
Penang (Guangfu) 屎
Singapore (Guangfu) 屎
Gan Nanchang 屎
Lichuan 屎
Pingxiang 屎
Hakka Meixian 屎, 大糞
Yudu 屎
Kuching (Hepo) 屎
Huizhou Jixi 屎, 練 childish
Jin Taiyuan 屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Northern Min Jian'ou 屎
Eastern Min Fuzhou 屎
Southern Min Xiamen 屎
Quanzhou 屎
Zhangzhou 屎
Tainan 屎, 大便 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 屎
Singapore (Hokkien) 屎
Manila (Hokkien) 屎
Chaozhou 屎
Singapore (Teochew) 屎
Leizhou 屎
Haikou 屎
Singapore (Hainanese) 屎
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 屎
Wu Shanghai 惡, 大解 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 惡
Suzhou 惡
Danyang 屎
Hangzhou 惡
Ningbo 惡
Wenzhou 惡
Jinhua 惡
Xiang Changsha 屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Loudi 屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

This is a 破讀／破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 屎
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 喜夷切
Baxter xjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xjɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hi/
Li
Rong 		/xi/
Wang
Li 		/xi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hei1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 屎
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[qʰ]ij/ (dialect: *qʰ- > *x-, no palatalization)
English moan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 屎
Reading # 2/2
No. 11401
Phonetic
component 		尸
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		咦
Old
Chinese 		/*hri/

Definitions[edit]

屎

  1. † Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Li Shoukui (李守奎) (2015 April) ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻‎[1], volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 11 January 2021, pages 154-162

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

屎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. excrement, feces, poop

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
屎
くそ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
糞

⟨kuso1⟩ → /kuso/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

屎(くそ) • (kuso) 

  1. (colloquial) feces, excrement
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]
Idioms

Interjection[edit]

屎(くそ) • (kuso) 

  1. (swear word) shit
Usage notes[edit]

This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

Prefix[edit]

屎(くそ) • (kuso-) 

  1. A derogatory prefix.
    屎(くそ)爺(じじ)い
    kusojijī
    crappy old man

Suffix[edit]

屎(くそ) • (-kuso) 

  1. A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
    下手(へた)屎(くそ)
    hetakuso
    crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
    襤褸(ぼろ)屎(くそ)
    borokuso
    broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
屎
ばば
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
糞

Appears to derive from baby talk.[2][3] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

屎(ばば) • (baba) 

  1. (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie
  2. (children's word): something unclean
Idioms[edit]
Idioms

References[edit]

  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[2]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

屎 (eumhun 똥 시 (ttong si))

  1. Hanja form? of 시 (“feces, excrement”).

屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

屎: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, xái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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