鴉

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See also: 鵶 and 鸦
鴉 U+9D09, 鴉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D09
← 鴈
[U+9D08] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鴊 →
[U+9D0A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

鴉 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+4, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一竹竹日火 (MHHAF), four-corner 17227, composition ⿰牙鳥)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1484, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46738
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2016, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4618, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+9D09

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鴉
simp. 鸦
alternative forms 鵶
𩿎
𪀨
𪀹

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
邪 *ljaː, *laː
衺 *ljaː
牙 *ŋraː
芽 *ŋraː
齖 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
呀 *ŋraː, *hŋraː
枒 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
雅 *ŋraːʔ
厊 *ŋraːʔ
庌 *ŋraːʔ
訝 *ŋraːs
迓 *ŋraːs
砑 *ŋraːs
犽 *ŋraːs
疨 *hŋraː
岈 *hŋraː
谺 *hŋraː
颬 *hŋraː
鴉 *qraː
釾 *laː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraː) : phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”). Doublet of 烏 (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”) . The Middle Chinese of 鴉 retains the earlier vowel.

Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 鴉's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note: uă - used in 老鴉.
Note: 1ia - literary, 1o - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 鴉
Mandarin Beijing /ia⁵⁵/
Harbin /ia⁴⁴/ 烏～
/ia²¹³/ ～片
Tianjin /iɑ²¹/
Jinan /ia²¹³/
Qingdao /ia⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ia²⁴/
Xi'an /ia²¹/
Xining /ia⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ia¹³/
Ürümqi /ia⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ia⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ia⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ia⁵⁵/
Kunming /ia̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iɑ³¹/
Hefei /ia²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ia¹¹/
Pingyao /iɑ¹³/
Hohhot /ia³¹/
Wu Shanghai /o⁵³/
/ia⁵³/
Suzhou /o⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiɑ³³/
Wenzhou /o³³/
Hui Shexian /ia³¹/
/ŋa³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ia³³/
Xiangtan /iɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /a⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /a⁵⁵/
Nanning /a⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /a⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /a⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /a⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /a⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /a³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /za³¹/
Rime
Character 鴉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 於加切
Baxter 'ae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔa/
Wang
Li 		/a/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鴉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qˁra/
English raven, crow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鴉
Reading # 1/1
No. 14196
Phonetic
component 		牙
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鴉
Old
Chinese 		/*qraː/
Notes 見莊子

Definitions[edit]

鴉

  1. crow; raven

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 烏鴉 (“crow; raven”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 烏, 鴉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 烏鴉
Mandarin Beijing 老鴰, 老鴉兒
Taiwan 烏鴉
Tianjin 老鴰
Langfang 老鴰
Tangshan 老鴰
Cangzhou 老鴰
Baoding 老鴰
Shijiazhuang 老鴰
Daming 老鴰
Ulanhot 老鴰
Tongliao 老鴰
Chifeng 老鴰
Bayanhot 老哇
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 老鴰
Harbin 老哇, 老哇子, 黑老哇, 烏鴉
Shenyang 老鴰
Yantai (Muping) 黑老哇子
Qingdao 老哇
Jinan 老鴰, 黑老鴰
Luoyang 老鴰
Wanrong 老哇
Zhengzhou 老鴰
Xi'an 老哇, 黑老哇
Yinchuan 老哇
Lanzhou 老哇, 狼老哇
Xining 老哇, 鴰老闆
Ürümqi 老哇
Wuhan 老哇
Huanggang 老鴉
Chengdu 老哇, 烏鴉
Guiyang 老哇
Kunming 老哇
Guilin 烏鴉
Pingle 烏鴉
Liuzhou 烏鴉, 烏鴉鳥
Luzhai 烏鴉
Xuzhou 老鴰, 烏鴉
Yangzhou 老鴉
Nanjing 老哇, 黑老哇
Hefei 老鴰子, 老鴰
Nantong 老鴉
Malaysia 烏鴉
Singapore 烏鴉
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 老哇, 黑老哇, 烏鴉
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 黑老哇
Mae Salong (Lancang) 老哇
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 老哇
Cantonese Guangzhou 烏鴉, 老鴉
Hong Kong 烏鴉
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 老鴉
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 烏鴉
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 烏鴉
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 老鴉
Macau 烏鴉
Guangzhou (Panyu) 烏鴉
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 老鴉
Guangzhou (Conghua) 呱乸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 烏鴉
Foshan 烏鴉
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 烏鴉
Foshan (Shunde) 烏鴉
Foshan (Sanshui) 鴉雀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 烏鴉
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 烏鴉
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 烏鴉
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 烏鴉
Zhuhai (Doumen) 烏鴉
Jiangmen (Baisha) 烏鴉
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 烏鴉
Taishan 烏鴉
Kaiping (Chikan) 烏鴉
Enping (Niujiang) 烏鴉
Heshan (Yayao) 烏鴉
Dongguan 烏鴉
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 烏鴉
Shaoguan 烏鴉
Yunfu 烏鴉
Yangjiang 老鴉
Xinyi 烏鴉
Lianjiang 烏鴉
Nanning 烏鴉
Wuzhou 烏鴉
Yulin 烏鴉
Hepu (Lianzhou) 烏鴉
Beihai 烏鴉
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 烏鴉, 老鴉
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 老鴉
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 烏鴉, 老鴉
Dongxing 烏鴉
Danzhou 老鴉
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 烏鴉
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 烏鴉
Móng Cái 烏鴉, 老鴉
Gan Nanchang 老鴉
Lichuan 老鴉
Pingxiang 老鴉, 鴉雀
Hakka Meixian 老鴉
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 烏鴉
Dongguan (Qingxi) 烏鴉
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 烏鴉
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 老鴉
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 烏鴉
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 烏鴉
Wuhua (Huacheng) 烏鴉
Wuhua (Changbu) 烏鴉
Wuhua (Mianyang) 烏鴉
Heyuan (Bendihua) 老鴉
Liannan 老鴉
Conghua (Lütian) 烏鴉
Jiexi 老鴉
Changting 烏鴉鵲
Liancheng 老鴉
Ninghua 老鴉子
Yudu 老鴉
Shicheng 老鴉
Shangyou (Shexi) 老鴉
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 老鴉仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 烏鴉仔, 老鴉仔, 烏鴉
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 烏鴉
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 老鴉, 烏鴉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 烏鴉
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 烏鴉
Hong Kong 老鴉, 烏鴉
Luchuan 烏鴉
Luchuan (Daqiao) 老鴉, 烏鴉
Sabah (Longchuan) 烏鴉
Senai (Huiyang) 老鴉
Singkawang 烏鴉
Huizhou Jixi 老鴉
Shexian 老鴉
Tunxi 老鴉
Xiuning 老鴉
Yixian 老鴉
Qimen 老鴉
Wuyuan 老鴉
Dexing 老鴉
Jin Taiyuan 黑老哇
Pingyao 黑老哇
Xinzhou 黑澇鴉兒
Taibus (Baochang) 黑老哇
Linhe 黑老哇
Jining 黑老哇
Hohhot 黑老哇
Baotou 烏鴉
Dongsheng 黑老哇
Haibowan 黑老哇
Zhangjiakou 老哇
Handan 老鴰
Northern Min Jian'ou 老鴉
Jian'ou (Dikou) 老鴉
Songxi 老鴉
Zhenghe 老鴉
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 老烏
Jianyang 老鴉
Wuyishan 老鴉
Pucheng (Shibei) 老鴉
Eastern Min Fuzhou 老鴉
Changle 老鴉
Fuqing 老鴉
Yongtai 老鴰
Gutian 老鴉
Fu'an 老鴉
Ningde 老鴉
Shouning 老鴉
Zhouning 老鴉
Fuding 老鴉
Southern Min Xiamen 烏鴉
Quanzhou 烏鴉
Zhangzhou 烏鴉
Dongshan 烏鴉
Taipei 烏鴉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 烏鴉
Kaohsiung 烏鴉, 烏鴉仔
Yilan 烏鴉仔
Kinmen 烏鴉
Penghu (Magong) 烏鴉
Penang (Hokkien) 烏鴉
Singapore (Hokkien) 烏鴉, 歹鳥
Manila (Hokkien) 烏鴉
Zhangping 老鴉
Zhangping (Yongfu) 老鴉
Pingnan (Shangdu) 老鴉
Chaozhou 烏鴉
Haifeng 烏鴉
Bangkok (Teochew) 烏鴉
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 烏鴉
Leizhou 沙烏
Wenchang 衫烏
Qionghai 衫烏
Puxian Min Putian 鶚卵, 烏鴉
Xianyou 鶚卵
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 烏鴉
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 烏鴉, 老鴉
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 烏鴉
Shehua Fu'an 老鴉
Fuding 老鴉
Luoyuan 老鴉
Sanming 老鴉
Shunchang 老鴉
Hua'an 老鴉
Guixi (Zhangping) 老鴉
Cangnan 老鴉
Jingning 老鴉
Lishui 老鴉
Longyou 老鴉
Chaozhou 烏鴉
Fengshun 老鴉
Wu Shanghai 烏鴉, 老鴉
Shanghai (Chongming) 老鴉
Suzhou 老鴉, 烏鴉
Danyang 烏老鴉, 烏鴉, 老鴉
Hangzhou 烏老鴉, 烏老鴉兒, 烏鴉
Ningbo 老鴉, 烏鴉
Wenzhou 老鴉, 烏老鴉
Jinhua 烏老鴉, 烏鴉
Jinhua (Tangxi) 烏老鴉
Xiang Changsha 老哇子, 老哇
Loudi 老哇子, 老哇
Shuangfeng 老哇子
Quanzhou 烏鴉

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

鴉(karasu)

Kanji[edit]

鴉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
鴉
からす
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鴉 – see the following entry.
【からすカラス】
[noun] a crow or raven
Alternative spelling
烏
(This term, 鴉, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Kikai[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鴉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Noun[edit]

鴉(がらさー) or 鴉(がるさー) (garasā or garusā) 

  1. Alternative form of 烏

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

鴉 • (a) (hangeul 아)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami-Oshima[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鴉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Noun[edit]

鴉(からすぃ) (karasï) 

  1. Alternative form of 烏

Oki-No-Erabu[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鴉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Noun[edit]

鴉(がらし) (garashi) 

  1. Alternative form of 烏

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鴉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Noun[edit]

鴉(がらし) (garashi) 

  1. Alternative form of 烏

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

鴉: Hán Việt readings: nha[1][2][3][4][5]
鴉: Nôm readings: a[6], ác[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of nha (“crow, raven”).
  2. Nôm form of ác (“crow, raven”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  3. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Trần (2004).

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鴉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Noun[edit]

鴉(がらち) (garachi) 

  1. Alternative form of 烏
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