單

See also: 单 and 単

Translingual

Traditional	單
Shinjitai	単
Simplified	单

Han character

單 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口口田十 (RRWJ), four-corner 6650₆, composition ⿱吅⿻日十 or ⿱吅⿻甲一)

Derived characters

• 禪, 憚, 貚, 闡, 撣, 殫, 嬋, 戰, 彈, 蟬, 驒, 襌, 僤, 幝, 簞, 樿, 蕇, 鄲, 癉, 嘽, 觶, 燀, 奲, 鱓, 墠, 繟, 匰, 鼉

Descendants

• 单 単

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3993
• Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 654, character 6
• Unihan data for U+55AE

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Chinese

trad.		單
simp.		单
alternative forms		単

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 單
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嚲	*taːlʔ
癉	*taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn
奲	*taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ
驒	*daːl, *daːn, *teːn
鼉	*daːl
磾	*teːl
鷤	*deːl, *deːls, *daːn
觶	*tjal, *tjals
單	*taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans
鄲	*taːn
殫	*taːn
簞	*taːn
匰	*taːn
襌	*taːn
彈	*daːn, *daːns
貚	*daːn, *deːn
撣	*daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ
潬	*daːnʔ
僤	*daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan
憚	*daːns
樿	*tjanʔ
燀	*tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰	*tjans
闡	*tʰjanʔ
繟	*tʰjanʔ
幝	*tʰjanʔ
嘽	*tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ
灛	*tʰjanʔ
蟬	*djan
禪	*djan, *djans
嬋	*djan
墠	*djanʔ
鱓	*djanʔ
蕇	*teːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a net to catch animals. The two boxes at the top are weights, the middle section is the net, the bottom is the rope.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *day ~ dan ~ tay ~ tan (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dān (dan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tân
• Eastern Min (BUC): dăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): toaⁿ / tan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): duan¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹te

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dān
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dan
    • Wade–Giles: tan¹
    • Yale: dān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
    • Palladius: дань (danʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: daan¹
    • Yale: dāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tân
    • Hakka Romanization System: dan´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tan²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toaⁿ / tan
    • Tâi-lô: tuann / tan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaf, dafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã³³/, /tan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/

Note:

• toaⁿ - vernacular;
• tan - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: duan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tũã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹te
    • MiniDict: te^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹te
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /te⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 單
Mandarin	Beijing	/tan⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tan⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tan²¹/
	Jinan	/tã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tan²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tã²¹/
	Xining	/tã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tan⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tan⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/tan⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/tan⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡san⁵⁵/ /san²¹³/ 姓
	Kunming	/tã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/taŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/tæ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/te⁵³/
	Suzhou	/te̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/tẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/ta³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/tɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tan³³/
	Xiangtan	/tan³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tan⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/tan⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tɑn²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tan⁵³/
	Nanning	/tan⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tan⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tan⁵⁵/ /tuã⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/taŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tuiŋ⁵⁴/ 名 /tuiŋ²¹/ 形
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tuã³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdaŋ²³/ /ʔdua²³/

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• Middle Chinese: tan

Rime
Character	單
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都寒切
Baxter	tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tan/
Li Rong	/tɑn/
Wang Li	/tɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/tɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.tˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*taːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	單
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dān
Middle Chinese	‹ tan ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.tˁar/
English	single, simple
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	單
Reading #	1/4
No.	1995
Phonetic component	單
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	單
Old Chinese	/*taːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 單

1. single; individual; solitary
2. thin; narrow; faint
3. simple; uncomplicated
4. (of clothes) unlined
5. (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”).
6. (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”).
7. cover; bed sheet
8. list; register; catalogue
9. only; merely; simply

   • 別的國度裏怎樣，我不知道。單知道諾威人Hamsun有一本小說叫《飢餓》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我並不見這一類話。 [MSC, trad.]
     别的国度里怎样，我不知道。单知道诺威人Hamsun有一本小说叫《饥饿》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我并不见这一类话。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1925, (deprecated template usage) 魯迅, (deprecated template usage) 論「他媽的！」

     Bié de guódù lǐ zěnyàng, wǒ bù zhīdào. Dān zhīdào Nuòwēirén Hamsun yǒu yī běn xiǎoshuō jiào “Jī'è”, cūyě de kǒuwěn shì hěnduō de, dàn wǒ bìngbù jiàn zhè yī lèi huà. [Pinyin]

     I don't know what it's like in other countries. I only know that a Norwegian [named] Hamsun has [written] a novel called Hunger [in which] vulgar speech is plenty, but I have by no means seen this kind of thing [referring to 他媽的／他妈的 (tāmāde)].

10. and; plus
11. bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)

    埋單／埋单 [Cantonese]  ―  maai⁴ daan¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to pay a bill

12. Classifier for cases, deals and businesses.
13. a surname

Synonyms

• (ticket): 票 (piào), 券 (quàn); (Cantonese) 飛／飞 (fēi)

See also

• (only): 只 (zhǐ)

Etymology 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 單

1. ^† to surround
2. Used in 單于 (chányú).
3. Used in 單閼／单阏.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Shàn (Shan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sin⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): Siêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Siān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siêng⁶ / siang⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Shàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Shàn
    • Wade–Giles: Shan⁴
    • Yale: Shàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shann
    • Palladius: Шань (Šanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sin⁶
    • Yale: sihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Siêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siān
    • Tâi-lô: Siān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɛn³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siêng⁶ / siang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siĕng / siăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieŋ³⁵/, /siaŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyenX, dzyenH

Rime
Character	單	單
Reading #	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	常演切	時戰切
Baxter	dzyenX	dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇnX/	/d͡ʑiᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛnX/	/d͡ʑiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjænX/	/d͡ʑjænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑianX/	/d͡ʑianH/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛnX/	/ʑiɛnH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛnX/	/ʑĭɛnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛnX/	/ʑi̯ɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàn	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sin6	sin6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*djanʔ/, /*djans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	單	單
Reading #	3/4	4/4
No.	2035	2037
Phonetic component	單	單
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	善	繕
Old Chinese	/*djanʔ/	/*djans/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 單

1. (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong)
2. a surname

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǎn (chan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻan³
    • Yale: chǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaan
    • Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 單

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 嘽／啴 (tān).
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 繟／𦈎 (chǎn).

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 亶 (“sincere, truthful ; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 亶).

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 憚 (“to fear”). (This character is a variant form of 憚).

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 單

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 戰／战 (zhàn).
2. Used in 單至／单至.

Etymology 8

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tán (tan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tán
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tán
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan²
    • Yale: tán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 單

1. (rare) a surname

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	単
Kyūjitai	單

Kanji

單

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 単)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan); ぜん (zen)
• Kan-on: たん (tan); せん (sen)
• Kun: ひとえ (hitoe, 單)^{←ひとへ (fitofe, 單, historical)}

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Korean

Hanja

單 • (dan, seon) (hangeul 단, 선, revised dan, seon, McCune–Reischauer tan, sŏn, Yale tan, sen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 單 (đơn, đan, thiền, truyên)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation