縱

See also: 纵 and 縦

縱	U+7E31, 縱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E31

← 縰
[U+7E30]

CJK Unified Ideographs

縲 →
[U+7E32]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional	縱
Shinjitai	縦
Simplified	纵

Han character[edit]

縱 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹人人 (VFHOO), four-corner 2898₁, composition ⿰糹從)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 935, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27819
Dae Jaweon: page 1374, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3445, character 2
Unihan data for U+7E31

Chinese[edit]

trad.		縱
simp.		纵
alternative forms		縦

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (从) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
摐	sʰroːŋ, sʰloŋ
鏦	sʰroːŋ, sʰloŋ
豵	ʔsloːŋ, ʔsloŋ
嵸	ʔsloːŋ, ʔsloːŋʔ
蓯	*ʔsloːŋʔ
蹤	*ʔsloŋ
縱	ʔsloŋ, ʔsloŋs
樅	ʔsloŋ, sʰloŋ
磫	*ʔsloŋ
熧	*ʔsloŋ
瘲	*ʔsloŋs
暰	*sʰloŋ
瑽	*sʰloŋ
從	zloŋ, zloŋ, *zloŋs
从	*zloŋ
慫	*sloŋʔ
聳	*sloŋʔ
傱	*sloŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs): semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zòng (zong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chiûng / chiúng
Min Dong (BUC): cé̤ṳng
Min Nan (POJ): chhiòng / chiòng
Wu (Wiktionary): ²tson; ¹tson

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung³
  - Yale: jung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiûng / chiúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: jiung´ / jiung`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jiung¹ / jiung³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕi̯uŋ²⁴/, /t͡ɕi̯uŋ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cé̤ṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søyŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²tson; ¹tson
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³⁴/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sɨoŋ^H/

Rime
Character	縱
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sioŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sioŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡suawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sioŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭwoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯woŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]oŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsloŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	縱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjowng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]oŋ-s/
English	let loose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	縱
Reading #	2/2
No.	1849
Phonetic component	从
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	縱
Old Chinese	/*ʔsloŋs/

Definitions[edit]

縱

(literary) loose; relaxed
(literary) to shoot an arrow
(literary) to send out; to deliver
縱火／纵火 ― zònghuǒ ― to set aflame
to let go; to release; to set free
諸葛亮七擒七縱孟獲 [MSC, trad.]
诸葛亮七擒七纵孟获 [MSC, simp.]
Zhūgě Liàng qīqínqīzòng Mèng Huò [Pinyin]
Zhuge Liang captured and released Meng Huo seven times.
- 吾聞一日縱敵，數世之患也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吾闻一日纵敌，数世之患也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wú wén yīrì zòng dí, shù shì zhī huàn yě. [Pinyin]
  I have heard that if you let your enemy go a single day, you are preparing the misfortunes of several generations.
to let loose
縱容／纵容 ― zòngróng ― to tolerate
- 縱一葦之所如，凌萬頃之茫然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1082, Su Shi, 前赤壁賦
  Zòng yī wěi zhī suǒ rú, líng wàn qǐng zhī mángrán. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
to jump up; to jump over
(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hainanese, Leizhou Mina, Liuzhou Mandarin, Loudi Xiang) to spoil; to pamper
佢細個嗰陣爸爸媽媽好縱佢。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢细个嗰阵爸爸妈妈好纵佢。 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ sai³ go³ go² zan^6-2 baa^1-4 baa¹ maa^1-4 maa¹ hou² zung³ keoi⁵. [Jyutping]
(please add an English translation of this example)
even if; even though
- 縱我不往，子寧不來？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  纵我不往，子宁不来？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zòng wǒ bù wǎng, zǐ nìng bù lái? [Pinyin]
  Although I do not go [to you],
  Why do you not come [to me]?
- 只有親愛並無怨仇， / 人民三千萬，人民三千萬， / 縱加十倍也得自由。 [MSC, trad.]
  只有亲爱并无怨仇， / 人民三千万，人民三千万， / 纵加十倍也得自由。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1933, National Anthem of Manchukuo (1933-1942)
  Zhǐyǒu qīn'ài bìng wú yuànchóu, / rénmín sān qiānwàn, rénmín sān qiānwàn, / zòng jiā shí bèi yě dé zìyóu. [Pinyin]
  With only love and no hatred, / thirty million people, thirty million people, / at ten times more we should still be free.
a surname

Synonyms[edit]

(even if):

edit

Synonyms of 縱

不怕 (bùpà)
作算 (Xiang)
即令 (jílìng)
即使 (jíshǐ)
即便 (jíbiàn)
哪怕 (nǎpà)

就 (jiù)
就使 (Min Nan)
就算 (jiùsuàn) (colloquial)
就若 (Min Nan)
就若是 (Min Nan)
怕不 (pàbù) (literary or dialectal)

任憑／任凭 (rènpíng)
儘管／尽管 (jǐnguǎn)
縱使／纵使 (zòngshǐ)
縱然／纵然 (zòngrán)
設令／设令 (shèlìng)
饒／饶 (ráo) (colloquial)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 縱

縱火／纵火 (zònghuǒ)
縱然／纵然 (zòngrán)
縱目／纵目
縱脫／纵脱
縱虎歸山／纵虎归山 (zònghǔguīshān)
縱覽／纵览 (zònglǎn)
縱觀／纵观 (zòngguān)
縱言／纵言
縱誕／纵诞
縱談／纵谈 (zòngtán)
縱身／纵身 (zòngshēn)
縱送／纵送
縱逸／纵逸
縱酒／纵酒 (zòngjiǔ)
縱風止燎／纵风止燎
縱馬／纵马 (zòngmǎ)
縱體／纵体
豪縱／豪纵
輕縱／轻纵
逞縱／逞纵
過縱／过纵
驕縱／骄纵 (jiāozòng)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zòng, zōng

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˋ, ㄗㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
Min Dong (BUC): cŭng
Min Nan (POJ): chhiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zong
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹
  - Yale: dzūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sɨoŋ/

Rime
Character	縱
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	即容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡suawŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sioŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsloŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	縱
Reading #	1/2
No.	1844
Phonetic component	从
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	縱
Old Chinese	/*ʔsloŋ/

Definitions[edit]

縱

of the north-south direction; vertical
longitudinal; lengthwise
(historical) Short for 合縱／合纵 (hézòng, “to ally with”).
(military) Short for 縱隊／纵队 (zòngduì, “column corps”).
Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng, “trace”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 縱

七橫八縱／七横八纵
伊犁縱谷／伊犁纵谷
合縱／合纵 (hézòng)
捭闔縱橫／捭阖纵横 (bǎihézònghéng)
排奡縱橫／排奡纵横
涕泗縱橫／涕泗纵横
涕淚縱橫／涕泪纵横
第五縱隊／第五纵队 (dì-wǔzòngduì)
縱切面／纵切面 (zōngqiēmiàn)
縱剖面／纵剖面 (zòngpōumiàn)
縱坐標／纵坐标 (zòngzuòbiāo)

縱斷面／纵断面 (zòngduànmiàn)
縱橫／纵横 (zònghéng)
縱橫交貫／纵横交贯
縱橫交錯／纵横交错 (zònghéngjiāocuò)
縱橫四海／纵横四海
縱橫天下／纵横天下 (zònghéng tiānxià)
縱橫家／纵横家 (Zònghéngjiā)
縱橫捭闔／纵横捭阖 (zònghéngbǎihé)
縱橫馳騁／纵横驰骋 (zōnghéngchíchěng)
縱波／纵波 (zòngbō)

縱深／纵深 (zòngshēn)
縱谷／纵谷 (zōnggǔ)
縱貫／纵贯 (zòngguàn)
縱貫線／纵贯线
縱走／纵走
縱軸／纵轴
縱隊／纵队 (zòngduì)
縱黍尺／纵黍尺
老淚縱橫／老泪纵横 (lǎolèizōnghéng)
藏南縱谷／藏南纵谷

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zǒng (zong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung²
Min Nan (POJ): chhióng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǒng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung³
  - Yale: dzǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoong
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung²
  - Yale: júng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhióng
  - Tâi-lô: tshióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiorng
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴¹/

Definitions[edit]

縱

Used in 縱縱／纵纵 (zǒngzǒng, “hurried; numerous”).
Used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng, “to encourage”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 縱

縱縱／纵纵 (zǒngzǒng)

縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng)

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cóng (cong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung²
  - Yale: tsúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
  - Palladius: цун (cun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/

Definitions[edit]

縱

(obsolete, of hair worn in a bun) big and tall

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	縦
Kyūjitai	縱

Kanji[edit]

縱

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 縦)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Go-on: しゅ (shu)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kan’yō-on: じゅう (jū)
Kun: たて (tate); たとえ (tatoe, 縱え); よしんば (yoshinba, 縱しんば); はなつ (hanatsu, 縱つ); ゆるす (yurusu, 縱す); ほしいまま (hoshiimama, 縱)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

縱, eum 종 (jong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

縱, eum 총 (chong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

縱: Hán Nôm readings: túng, tung

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

縱

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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