冷
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Traditional | 冷 |
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Simplified | 冷 |
Japanese | 冷 |
Korean | 冷 |
Han character
[edit]冷 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈戈 (IMOII), four-corner 38127, composition ⿰冫令)
Derived characters
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1622
- Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 5
- Unihan data for U+51B7
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 冷 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – cold as ice.
Etymology 1
[edit]
trad. | 冷 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 冷 |
A vocalic variant of 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, “chilly; cold”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nen3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лын (lɨn, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lang3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): leng2
- Northern Min (KCR): lǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): lēng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lan
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): len3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lěng
- Wade–Giles: lêng3
- Yale: lěng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leeng
- Palladius: лэн (lɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɤŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nen3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: len
- Sinological IPA (key): /nən⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лын (lɨn, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ləŋ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laang5
- Yale: láahng
- Cantonese Pinyin: laang5
- Guangdong Romanization: lang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lang4 / lang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ²¹/, /laŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lâng
- Hakka Romanization System: langˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lang1
- Sinological IPA: /laŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: leng2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lə̃ŋ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /laiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɛiŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: len3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lən⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 冷 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ləŋ²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /ləŋ²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /ləŋ¹³/ | |
Jinan | /ləŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /ləŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ləŋ⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /ləŋ⁵³/ | |
Xining | /lə̃⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ləŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /lə̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /lɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /nən⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /nən⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /nen⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /lə⁵³̃/ | |
Nanjing | /lən²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /lən²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ləŋ⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /ləŋ⁵³/ /liɑ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /lə̃ŋ⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /lã²³/ |
Suzhou | /lã³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /len⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /liɛ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /lʌ̃³⁵/ /lɛ³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /lɛ²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /lən⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /nən⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /lɑŋ²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /laŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /lɑŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /laŋ²³/ |
Nanning | /laŋ²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /laŋ¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liŋ⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lɛiŋ³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /laiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /nẽ⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /leŋ²¹³/ /lɛ²¹³/ /lɛ³¹/ 晾乾 |
- Middle Chinese: laengX, lengX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤeŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋʔ/, /*reːŋʔ/
Definitions
[edit]冷
- cold; cool
- (dialectal) to cool; to cool down; to become cold
- cold; desolate; quiet
- cold; indifferent
- to dishearten
- idle
- disdainful; sarcastic
- neglected; not popular
- unfamiliar; rare
- 冷僻 ― lěngpì ― rare
- corny; lame
- sudden; unexpected
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (cold):
Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]- 乍冷乍熱/乍冷乍热
- 乾冷/干冷 (gānlěng)
- 人情冷暖 (rénqínglěngnuǎn)
- 人間冷暖/人间冷暖
- 令人齒冷/令人齿冷
- 僵冷
- 冒冷汗
- 冰冷 (bīnglěng)
- 冰冷無味/冰冷无味
- 冰清水冷
- 冰清鬼冷
- 冷一句,熱一句/冷一句,热一句
- 冷一陣,熱一陣/冷一阵,热一阵
- 冷丁
- 冷丁丁
- 冷不丁 (lěngbùdīng)
- 冷不防 (lěngbùfáng)
- 冷低壓/冷低压
- 冷債/冷债
- 冷僻 (lěngpì)
- 冷光 (lěngguāng)
- 冷兵器 (lěngbīngqì)
- 冷冰冰 (lěngbīngbīng)
- 冷冷
- 冷冷清清 (lěnglěngqīngqīng)
- 冷冷落落
- 冷冽 (lěngliè)
- 冷凍/冷冻 (lěngdòng)
- 冷凍乾燥/冷冻干燥
- 冷凍蔬菜/冷冻蔬菜
- 冷凍食品/冷冻食品 (lěngdòng shípǐn)
- 冷凝 (lěngníng)
- 冷凝劑/冷凝剂
- 冷凝器
- 冷凝管
- 冷加工
- 冷勁/冷劲
- 冷卻/冷却 (lěngquè)
- 冷卻器/冷却器
- 冷口冷心
- 冷吱吱 (léng-ki-ki) (Hokkien)
- 冷呵呵
- 冷嗦嗦
- 冷噓噓/冷嘘嘘
- 冷嘲熱罵/冷嘲热骂
- 冷嘲熱諷/冷嘲热讽 (lěngcháorèfěng)
- 冷噤
- 冷地裡/冷地里
- 冷場/冷场 (lěngchǎng)
- 冷天 (lěngtiān)
- 冷媒 (lěngméi)
- 冷子 (lěngzi)
- 冷字 (lěngzì)
- 冷孤丁
- 冷官
- 冷宮/冷宫 (lěnggōng)
- 冷害 (lěnghài)
- 冷寂 (lěngjì)
- 冷局
- 冷峻
- 冷峭
- 冷巷 (lěngxiàng)
- 冷布
- 冷帳不問/冷帐不问
- 冷平流
- 冷床
- 冷度
- 冷庫/冷库 (lěngkù)
- 冷式排版
- 冷待 (lěngdài)
- 冷徑/冷径
- 冷心 (lěngxīn)
- 冷心冷面
- 冷心腸/冷心肠
- 冷悽悽/冷凄凄
- 冷感症
- 冷戰/冷战
- 冷房 (lěngfáng)
- 冷攤/冷摊
- 冷敷 (lěngfū)
- 冷敷法
- 冷暖 (lěngnuǎn)
- 冷暖自知
- 冷服
- 冷杉 (lěngshān)
- 冷板凳 (lěngbǎndèng)
- 冷板曲
- 冷森森
- 冷業/冷业
- 冷槍/冷枪
- 冷櫃/冷柜 (lěngguì)
- 冷氣/冷气 (lěngqì)
- 冷氣團/冷气团
- 冷氣房/冷气房 (lěngqìfáng)
- 冷氣機/冷气机 (lěngqìjī)
- 冷氣設備/冷气设备
- 冷氣車/冷气车
- 冷水 (lěngshuǐ)
- 冷水塔
- 冷水浴 (lěngshuǐyù)
- 冷水澆頭/冷水浇头
- 冷水澡
- 冷水養殖/冷水养殖
- 冷汗 (lěnghàn)
- 冷泉 (lěngquán)
- 冷浴
- 冷淡 (lěngdàn)
- 冷淘
- 冷清 (lěngqīng)
- 冷清清 (lěngqīngqīng)
- 冷漠 (lěngmò)
- 冷澀/冷涩
- 冷灰爆豆
- 冷灶
- 冷灶清鍋/冷灶清锅
- 冷炙
- 冷炮
- 冷焊
- 冷然 (lěngrán)
- 冷焰
- 冷熱病/冷热病
- 冷燙/冷烫
- 冷療/冷疗
- 冷盤/冷盘 (lěngpán)
- 冷盤兒/冷盘儿
- 冷眉冷眼
- 冷眼 (lěngyǎn)
- 冷眼人
- 冷眼旁觀/冷眼旁观 (lěngyǎnpángguān)
- 冷眼溜冰
- 冷破
- 冷硬
- 冷碟
- 冷碟兒/冷碟儿
- 冷視/冷视
- 冷禁
- 冷笑 (lěngxiào)
- 冷節/冷节
- 冷箭 (lěngjiàn)
- 冷絲兒絲兒/冷丝儿丝儿
- 冷絲絲/冷丝丝
- 冷縮/冷缩
- 冷肩膀
- 冷背
- 冷能
- 冷腸/冷肠
- 冷臉子/冷脸子 (lěngliǎnzi)
- 冷色
- 冷艷/冷艳 (lěngyàn)
- 冷若冰霜
- 冷莊子/冷庄子
- 冷菜 (lěngcài)
- 冷葷/冷荤 (lěnghūn)
- 冷落 (lěngluò)
- 冷藏 (lěngcáng)
- 冷藏倉庫/冷藏仓库
- 冷藏室
- 冷藏庫/冷藏库 (lěngcángkù)
- 冷藏法
- 冷藏船
- 冷藏車/冷藏车 (lěngcángchē)
- 冷藏間/冷藏间
- 冷處理/冷处理 (lěngchǔlǐ)
- 冷血 (lěngxuè)
- 冷血動物/冷血动物 (lěngxuè dòngwù)
- 冷覺/冷觉
- 冷言
- 冷言冷語/冷言冷语 (lěngyán lěngyǔ)
- 冷言熱語/冷言热语
- 冷話/冷话
- 冷語/冷语 (lěngyǔ)
- 冷語侵人/冷语侵人
- 冷語冰人/冷语冰人
- 冷譏熱嘲/冷讥热嘲
- 冷豔/冷艳 (lěngyàn)
- 冷貨/冷货
- 冷軋/冷轧
- 冷軋鋼板/冷轧钢板
- 冷遇 (lěngyù)
- 冷酷 (lěngkù)
- 冷金
- 冷金箋/冷金笺
- 冷鋒/冷锋 (lěngfēng)
- 冷鋪/冷铺
- 冷門/冷门 (lěngmén)
- 冷門兒/冷门儿
- 冷門貨/冷门货
- 冷霜 (lěngshuāng)
- 冷霜霜
- 冷霧/冷雾
- 冷靜/冷静 (lěngjìng)
- 冷面 (lěngmiàn)
- 冷面冷心
- 冷項/冷项
- 冷顫/冷颤
- 冷風/冷风 (lěngfēng)
- 冷颼颼/冷飕飕 (lěngsōusōu)
- 冷食 (lěngshí)
- 冷飲/冷饮 (lěngyǐn)
- 冷飯/冷饭 (lěngfàn)
- 冷餐 (lěngcān)
- 冷高壓/冷高压
- 冷麵/冷面 (lěngmiàn)
- 冷鼻凹
- 冷齋夜話/冷斋夜话
- 出冷門/出冷门
- 刮冷風/刮冷风 (guā lěngfēng)
- 受冷落
- 吹冷風/吹冷风 (chuī lěngfēng)
- 坐冷子
- 坐冷板凳 (zuò lěngbǎndèng)
- 坑灰未冷
- 大爆冷門/大爆冷门
- 害冷
- 寒冷 (hánlěng)
- 平山冷燕
- 心冷
- 心灰意冷 (xīnhuīyìlěng)
- 忽冷忽熱/忽冷忽热 (hūlěnghūrè)
- 性冷感 (xìnglěnggǎn)
- 態度冷靜/态度冷静
- 打入冷宮/打入冷宫
- 打冷嗝
- 打冷戰/打冷战
- 打冷槍/打冷枪
- 抽冷子
- 捉冷眼
- 放冷炮
- 放冷箭
- 暴冷
- 枕冷衾寒
- 殘杯冷炙/残杯冷炙 (cánbēilěngzhì)
- 殘槃冷炙/残槃冷炙
- 殘羹冷炙/残羹冷炙
- 殘羹冷飯/残羹冷饭
- 水冷式
- 淒冷/凄冷
- 清冷 (qīnglěng)
- 淡冷處/淡冷处
- 清灰冷灶
- 潑冷水/泼冷水 (pō lěngshuǐ)
- 澆冷水/浇冷水
- 炒冷飯/炒冷饭 (chǎo lěngfàn)
- 燒冷灶/烧冷灶
- 爆冷 (bàolěng)
- 爆冷門/爆冷门 (bào lěngmén)
- 生冷 (shēnglěng)
- 發冷/发冷 (fālěng)
- 看冷暖
- 繡幃香冷/绣帏香冷
- 耶路撒冷 (Yēlùsālěng)
- 虛心冷氣/虚心冷气
- 衾寒枕冷
- 話冷雞窗/话冷鸡窗
- 輕水冷卻/轻水冷却
- 陰冷/阴冷 (yīnlěng)
- 餘杯冷炙/余杯冷炙
- 高冷地 (gāolěngdì)
- 齒冷/齿冷 (chǐlěng)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: líng
- Wade–Giles: ling2
- Yale: líng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: leng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]冷
Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
- Wade–Giles: ling3
- Yale: lǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]冷
- Only used in 㓑冷.
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 冷 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 冷 | |
alternative forms | 唥 𦀬 Guangxi |
Borrowed from French laine (“wool”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laang5-1
- Yale: lāang
- Cantonese Pinyin: laang5-1
- Guangdong Romanization: lang5-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]冷
- (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) woollen yarn (Classifier: 條/条 c; 嚿 c)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 毛線 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 毛線 |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 毛線 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 毛線 |
Wanrong | 毛線 | |
Xi'an | 毛線 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 絨線, 絨 |
Guiyang | 毛線, 頭繩 dated | |
Liuzhou | 冷 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 絨線, 頭繩 dated, 扎綆 dated |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 毛冷, 冷 |
Hong Kong | 毛冷, 冷 | |
Taishan | 冷 | |
Dongguan | 冷 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 頭繩子 |
Pingxiang | 毛線, 洋紅繩, 毛繩, 繩子 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 羊毛索 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 毛線 |
Xinzhou | 毛線子 | |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 羊毛索 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 羊毛 |
Tainan | 膨紗 | |
Shantou | 羊毛 | |
Jieyang | 羊毛線, 羊毛紗, 羊毛 | |
Leizhou | 冷 | |
Haikou | 冷 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冷 |
Wu | Shanghai | 絨線, 頭繩 dated |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 頭繩 | |
Danyang | 絨線 | |
Hangzhou | 絨線 | |
Ningbo | 絨線 | |
Wenzhou | 絨 | |
Jinhua | 毛線 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 洋繩子 |
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 冷 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 冷 | |
alternative forms | 唥 |
Borrowed from Teochew 儂/侬 (nang5, “person”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laang5-1
- Yale: lāang
- Cantonese Pinyin: laang5-1
- Guangdong Romanization: lang5-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]冷
- (Cantonese, slang, humorous) guy; person (Classifier: 條/条 c)
- (Cantonese) Used in words related to Teochew people.
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]冷
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: りょう (ryō)←りやう (ryau, historical)
- Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひや (hiya, 冷や, Jōyō); さめる (sameru, 冷める, Jōyō); さます (samasu, 冷ます, Jōyō); つめたい (tsumetai, 冷たい, Jōyō); ひえる (hieru, 冷える, Jōyō)←ひえる (fieru, ひえる, historical)←ひ𛀁る (fyeru, ひ𛀁る, ancient); ひやかす (hiyakasu, 冷やかす, Jōyō); ひやす (hiyasu, 冷やす, Jōyō); ひやっこい (hiyakkoi, 冷っこい); しゃっこい (shakkoi, 冷っこい)
Compounds
[edit]Derived terms
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冷 |
ひや Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 冷 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 冷, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]冷 (eumhun 찰 랭 (chal raeng), word-initial (South Korea) 찰 냉 (chal naeng))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]冷: Hán Việt readings: lãnh[1]
冷: Nôm readings: linh[2], liểng[2], lành[3], lãnh[2], lênh[2], lạnh[4], lảnh[3], rãnh[2], rảnh[3]
Compounds
[edit]References
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