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===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|まえ|yomi=k}}
{{ja-kanjitab|まえ|yomi=k}}
From {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=まえ}} as a compound of {{compound|ja|sort=まえ|目|tr1=ma|t1=eye|方|tr2=pe<sub>1</sub>|t2=direction, -wards}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>
From {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=まえ}} as a compound of {{compound|ja|sort=まえ|目|tr1=ma|t1=eye|方|tr2=pe₁|t2=direction, -wards}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>


{{IPAchar|/mape<sub>1</sub>/}} → {{IPAchar|/maɸe/}} → {{IPAchar|/mawe/}} → {{IPAchar|/maje/}} → {{IPAchar|/mae/}}
{{IPAfont|/mape₁/}} → {{IPAchar|/maɸe/}} → {{IPAchar|/mawe/}} → {{IPAchar|/maje/}} → {{IPAchar|/mae/}}


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====

Revision as of 20:19, 9 November 2020

前 U+524D, &#21069;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-524D
← 剌
[U+524C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剎 →
[U+524E]

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

前 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿月中弓 (TBLN), four-corner 80221, composition ⿱䒑刖)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 140, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2011
  • Dae Jaweon: page 318, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 248, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+524D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 前
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (前) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
媊 *ʔslel, *ʔslenʔ
煎 *ʔslen, *ʔslens
湔 *ʔslen, *ʔslens, *ʔsleːn, *zleːn
鬋 *ʔslen, *ʔslenʔ, *ʔslens
剪 *ʔslenʔ
翦 *ʔslenʔ
譾 *ʔslenʔ
揃 *ʔslenʔ
箭 *ʔslens
葥 *ʔslens
前 *zleːn
騚 *zleːn
歬 *zleːn

Originally 歬, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 止 (“foot”) + 舟 (“boat”) – a foot on a boat moving forward. Alternatively, 舟 represents a shoe (cf. Shuowen 履: 舟象履形) — a foot with a shoe on to walk forward. In the current form, 止 is simplified to 䒑 and 舟 to 月. The current form with an additional 刀 (“knife”) is the original form of 剪 (OC *ʔslenʔ, “to cut”).

Etymology 1

trad. 前
simp. # 前
alternative forms 偂
歬
𠝣
𣥑
𣦃

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 前

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
  1. front; forepart
    前方  ―  qiánfāng  ―  front
    前門／前门  ―  qiánmén  ―  front door
    Template:zh-ant
  2. ago
    以前  ―  yǐqián  ―  previously; ago
    五天前  ―  wǔ tiān qián  ―  five days ago
  3. past; previous; former
    前任  ―  qiánrèn  ―  predecessor
    前功盡棄／前功尽弃  ―  qiángōngjìnqì  ―  all the previous effort is wasted
  4. top
    前三名  ―  qián sān míng  ―  top three
  5. future; time ahead
    前程  ―  qiánchéng  ―  future; prospects
  6. to move forward
    勇往直前  ―  yǒngwǎngzhíqián  ―  to advance bravely
  7. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (前):
  • → Japanese: 前(ぜん) (zen)
  • → Korean: 전(前) (jeon)
  • → Vietnamese: tiền (前)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 前 – see 剪 (“to cut”).
(This character is an ancient form of 剪).

References

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

前

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. in front
  2. before

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
前
まえ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese as a compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) +‎ 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”).[1][2]

/mape₁/ → /maɸe/ → /mawe/ → /maje/ → /mae/

Pronunciation

Noun

前(まえ) • (mae) ←まへ (mafe)?

  1. the front
    前(まえ)へ進(すす)む
    mae e susumu
    to advance forwards
    (literally, “to advance towards the front”)
    Antonym: 後ろ (ushiro)
  2. the past
    前(まえ)から気(き)になってたんだけど […]
    mae kara ki ni natteta n da kedo […]
    I've been thinking about it for a while, but […]
    ずっと前(まえ)からそう思(おも)ってた
    zutto mae kara sō omotteta
    I've thought that for ages
    (literally, “I've been thinking that way since forever ago”)
    前(まえ)にも言(い)ったように
    mae ni mo itta yō ni
    as I've said before
    (literally, “just as I have said in the past”)
    Antonym: 後 (ato)
  3. previous
    前(まえ)の記(き)事(じ)
    mae no kiji
    previous entries
    Antonym: 次 (tsugi)

Suffix

前(まえ) or 前(suffix) • (mae or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|まえ]]

  1. a portion, an amount
    六(ろく)人(にん)前(まえ)の御(ご)膳(ぜん)
    rokunin-mae no go-zen
    a banquet for six people

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
前
さき
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 前 – see the following entry.
【先さき】1
[noun] before, previous
[noun] end, tip
[noun] earlier, the past
[noun] afterwards, the future
[noun] the destination of a motion or action
[noun] sequel
[noun] ahead, in front
(This term, 前, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)


Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
前
ぜん
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).

Pronunciation

Counter

前(ぜん) or 前(counter) • (zen or counter) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|せん]]

  1. counter for irregularly shaped objects such as desks, armrests, and serving trays
  2. counter for kami and shrines

Prefix

前(ぜん) or 前(prefix) • (zen or prefix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|せん]]

  1. the last, the previous
  2. pre- (of an era)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
前
ぜ
Grade: 2
kan'yōon

Contraction of 御(ご)前(ぜ) (goze), itself a contraction of 御(ご)前(ぜん) (go-zen), an honorific form of address.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Suffix

前(ぜ) or 前(suffix) • (ze or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|せ]]

  1. (rare) an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person
    尼(あま)前(ぜ)
    ama-ze
    (honorable) nun

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

前 (eumhun 앞 전 (ap jeon))

  1. Hanja form? of 전 (“front (direction)”).
  2. Hanja form? of 전 (“before”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

前: Hán Nôm readings: tiền, tèn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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