釘
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]釘 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金一弓 (CMN), four-corner 81120, composition ⿰釒丁)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1296, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40159
- Dae Jaweon: page 1799, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4169, character 2
- Unihan data for U+91D8
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 釘 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
圢 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
町 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ |
打 | *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ |
盯 | *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ |
朾 | *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ |
丁 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
玎 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
虰 | *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ |
揨 | *rdeːŋ |
釘 | *teːŋ, *teːŋs |
靪 | *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ |
仃 | *teːŋ |
叮 | *teːŋ |
疔 | *teːŋ |
頂 | *teːŋʔ |
奵 | *teːŋʔ |
耵 | *teːŋʔ |
酊 | *teːŋʔ |
葶 | *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ |
矴 | *teːŋs |
訂 | *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ |
飣 | *teːŋs |
汀 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs |
艼 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
庁 | *tʰeːŋ |
婷 | *deːŋ |
停 | *deːŋ |
聤 | *deːŋ |
渟 | *deːŋ |
楟 | *deːŋ |
亭 | *deːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *teːŋ, *teːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
Some theorize that 丁 (OC *teːŋ) originally meant “nail”. After subsequently losing this original meaning, the character 釘/钉 was created to represent “nail” with the semantic element 金 (“metal”) added.
Etymology 1
[edit]Related to 定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Pronunciation 2 is a denominal verb derivation of pronunciation 1.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]trad. | 釘 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 钉 | |
2nd round simp. | 丁 |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): dĭng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ding
- Wade–Giles: ting1
- Yale: dīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ding
- Palladius: дин (din)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дин (din, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: deng1 / ding1
- Yale: dēng / dīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: deng1 / ding1
- Guangdong Romanization: déng1 / ding1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /tɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- deng1 - vernacular;
- ding1 - literary (rare).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: iang1 / iang1-4
- Sinological IPA (key): /iaŋ³³/, /iaŋ³³⁻²¹/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tâng
- Hakka Romanization System: dangˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dang1
- Sinological IPA: /taŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- tan - vernacular;
- teng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dêng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: teng
- Sinological IPA (key): /teŋ³³/
- Middle Chinese: teng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤeŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*teːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]釘
- (obsolete, rare) gold slab
- nail (spike-shaped fastener)
- body piercing
- to monitor; to urge
- Alternative form of 盯 (dīng, “to keep eyes on; to stare at”)
- Alternative form of 叮 (dīng, “to sting; to bite”)
- (literary) lamp
Compounds
[edit]- 吃釘子/吃钉子
- 吃釘板/吃钉板
- 命釘/命钉
- 咬釘嚼鐵/咬钉嚼铁
- 圖釘/图钉 (túdīng)
- 埋釘子/埋钉子
- 安釘子/安钉子
- 打補釘/打补钉
- 拔釘鎚/拔钉锤
- 撞釘子/撞钉子
- 斬釘截鐵/斩钉截铁 (zhǎndīngjiétiě)
- 木螺釘/木螺钉
- 橡皮釘子/橡皮钉子
- 玉釘/玉钉
- 眼中釘/眼中钉 (yǎnzhōngdīng)
- 碰釘子/碰钉子 (pèngdīngzi)
- 螞蝗釘/蚂蝗钉
- 螺絲釘/螺丝钉 (luósīdīng)
- 螺釘/螺钉 (luódīng)
- 軟釘子/软钉子
- 道釘/道钉
- 釘問/钉问
- 釘嘴鐵舌/钉嘴铁舌
- 釘子/钉子 (dīngzi)
- 釘子戶/钉子户 (dīngzihù)
- 釘耙/钉耙 (dīngpá)
- 釘鈀/钉钯
- 釘鈴鐺鋃/钉铃铛锒
- 釘錘/钉锤
- 釘鞋/钉鞋
- 釘頭/钉头 (dīngtóu)
- 釘頭文字/钉头文字
- 釘頭果/钉头果
- 釘齒耙/钉齿耙 (dīngchǐpá)
- 鉚釘/铆钉 (mǎodīng)
- 鉸釘/铰钉
- 鐵釘/铁钉 (tiědīng)
- 長命釘/长命钉
- 關了釘兒/关了钉儿
- 雞爪釘/鸡爪钉
Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | 釘 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 钉 |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tang / tin / tâng
- Eastern Min (BUC): déng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dìng
- Wade–Giles: ting4
- Yale: dìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dinq
- Palladius: дин (din)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дин (din, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: deng1 / ding1
- Yale: dēng / dīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: deng1 / ding1
- Guangdong Romanization: déng1 / ding1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /tɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- deng1 - vernacular;
- ding1 - literary (rare).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: iang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /iaŋ³³/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tang / tin / tâng
- Hakka Romanization System: dang / din / dangˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dang4 / din4 / dang1
- Sinological IPA: /taŋ⁵⁵/, /tin⁵⁵/, /taŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: déng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛiŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- tàn - vernacular (chiefly used in Quanzhou);
- tèng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dêng3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tèng
- Sinological IPA (key): /teŋ²¹³/
- Middle Chinese: tengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤeŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*teːŋs/
Definitions
[edit]釘
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 釘 – see 𠄖. (This character is a variant form of 𠄖). |
References
[edit]- “釘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #6812”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
釘 |
くぎ Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshu of circa 759 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 久枳.[1] From Proto-Japonic *kunki.
Noun
[edit]- a nail; a spike made of metal or hard material used to stick something
- 釘を打つ
- kugi o utsu
- to drive in a nail
- 釘を打つ
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “釘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]釘 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]釘: Hán Nôm readings: đinh, đanh, đính, đĩnh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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