fog
English
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/TreesInTheFog.jpg/220px-TreesInTheFog.jpg)
Pronunciation
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- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. often IPA(key): /fɑɡ/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ɒɡ
Etymology 1
Origin uncertain; but probably of North Germanic origin, from Danish fog (“spray, shower, drift, storm”), related to Icelandic fok (“spray, any light thing tossed by the wind, snowdrift”), Icelandic fjúka (“to blow, drive”), from Proto-Germanic *feukaną (“to whisk, blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pug- (“billow, bulge, drift”), from *pew-, *pow- (“to blow, drift, billow”). Related to German fauchen (“to hiss, spit, spray”).
Noun
fog (countable and uncountable, plural fogs)
- (uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud.
- Template:RQ:BLwnds TLdgr
- Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
- Template:RQ:BLwnds TLdgr
- (uncountable) A mist or film clouding a surface.
- Synonym: steam
- A state of mind characterized by lethargy and confusion.
- He did so many drugs, he was still in a fog three months after going through detox.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 4, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- I was on my way to the door, but all at once, through the fog in my head, I began to sight one reef that I hadn't paid any attention to afore.
- (photography) A silver deposit or other blur on a negative or developed photographic image.
- (computer graphics) Distance fog.
Usage notes
- To count sense thick cloud, bank of fog is usually used.
- To count sense clouding a surface, foggy patch is usually used.
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
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- (intransitive) To become covered with or as if with fog.
- (intransitive) To become obscured in condensation or water.
- (intransitive, photography) To become dim or obscure.
- (transitive, photography) To make dim or obscure.
- (transitive) To cover with or as if with fog.
- 1968, Eighth Annual Report, Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, p 7:
- Fogging for adult mosquito control began on June 4th in residential areas. Until September 25th, the Metro area was fogged eleven times, using nine truck-mounted foggers, eight hand swing foggers, and two boats.
- 1968, Eighth Annual Report, Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, p 7:
- (transitive) To disperse insecticide into (a forest canopy) so as to collect organisms.
- (transitive) To obscure in condensation or water.
- 2008, United States Congress, House Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity - Foreclosure, Foreclosure Prevention and Intervention: The Importance of Loss Mitigation, page 46:
- Unfortunately, the pendulum has swung way too far to the other end where the saying in the industry is is that if you could fog a mirror, you could get a loan.
- (transitive) To make confusing or obscure.
- To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog.
- (Can we date this quote by John Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?
- (Can we date this quote by John Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
Translations
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Etymology 2
Origin uncertain. Compare Scots fog (“moss; lichen”), Norwegian fogg.
Noun
fog (uncountable)
- A new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed.
- (UK, dialect) Tall and decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season; foggage.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)
- (Scotland) Moss.
Derived terms
Translations
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Verb
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- (transitive) To pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from.
- (intransitive) To become covered with the kind of grass called fog.
References
- “fog”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “fog”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
Hungarian
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Fuerteventura%2C_Spain_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Fuerteventura%2C_Spain_%28Unsplash%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Female_Spotted_Owl_%2814619135593%29.jpg/220px-Female_Spotted_Owl_%2814619135593%29.jpg)
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Ugric *puŋɜ- (“to grasp, to catch”). Cognates include Mansi.[1][2]
Verb
fog
- (transitive) to hold (to keep in one's hands)
- 1983, Mihály Padisák, chapter I, in Gyalog Juli[1]:
- Valaki ült is mellette, fogta a kezét, de az arcát valahogy nem látta.
- Somebody was sitting next to her, held her hand, but somehow she couldn't see his face.
- (transitive) to take (to get into one's hands)
- (transitive) to catch, to capture (to seize by force, especially to grab or trap an animal)
- 1969, Tekla Dömötör (editor), “Történetek a ravasz nyulacskáról”, in A mesemondó szikla[2]:
- Mikor eljött az ebédidő, medve koma úgy látta, hogy elég halat fogott, s elhatározta, hogy hazamegy.
- When lunchtime came, uncle bear found that he had caught enough fish and decided to go home.
- (transitive, broadcasting) to receive (to detect a signal from a transmitter)
- 1996, István Kamarás, István Péter Németh, “Világverseny a berekben”, in Origósdi[3]:
- Egyébként egészen jól lehetett fogni az adást.
- As a matter of fact, I received the broadcast quite clearly.
- (transitive, by extension, slang) to listen to, to hear, to understand (to pay attention to someone)
- 2007, Csilla Tóth, chapter 4, in Körbe ég[4]:
- Fogod, amit mondok? Észnél vagy?
- Do you hear what I'm sayin'? Are you out of your mind?
- (transitive, intransitive followed by rajta) to affect, to harm (to have an effect on, especially detrimentally)
- 1971, Ervin Lázár, chapter 3, in A fehér tigris[5]:
- Valaki azt is mondta, hogy le akarták lőni, de nem fogja a golyó.
- Someone even said that they had wanted to shoot it, but bullets wouldn't harm it.
- (intransitive) to write (of a pen or other writing instrument, to leave a mark)
- 2009, Attila Salga, “A félresikerült randi”, in Mi lenne velem nélkülem?[6]:
- Olyan furcsa volt, ahogyan felírta a rendelést: nem fogott a tolla, és elkezdte rázni.
- It was strange, the way she took the order: her pen wouldn't write, and she started shaking it.
- (intransitive) to transfer (of ink or dye, to leave a stain upon contact)
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- (transitive, ball games) to mark (to follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending)
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- (auxiliary with an infinitive) will, going to (used to form the future tense)
- 1924, Margarete Böhme, Elza Pogány (translator), Egy mozgalmas élet története[7]:
- Most azonban jó lesz sietve hazamenni, mert mindjárt esni fog.
- But now we'd better go home quickly, because it's going to rain soon.
- (reflexive followed by és) to up and (to do something abruptly or unexpectedly)
- 2004, Csaba Fecske, “A rokonok”, in Csalapinta villanytörpék[8]:
- Fogta magát és szó nélkül berohant a szobájába.
- He just up and ran off into his room without a word.
Conjugation
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fogok | fogsz | fog | fogunk | fogtok | fognak | |
Def. | fogom | fogod | fogja | fogjuk | fogjátok | fogják | |||
2nd-p. o. | foglak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | fogtam | fogtál | fogott | fogtunk | fogtatok | fogtak | ||
Def. | fogtam | fogtad | fogta | fogtuk | fogtátok | fogták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogtalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fogni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fogék | fogál | foga | fogánk | fogátok | fogának | ||
Def. | fogám | fogád | fogá | fogánk | fogátok | fogák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fog vala, fogott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fogandok | fogandasz | fogand | fogandunk | fogandotok | fogandanak | ||
Def. | fogandom | fogandod | fogandja | fogandjuk | fogandjátok | fogandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fognék | fognál | fogna | fognánk | fognátok | fognának | |
Def. | fognám | fognád | fogná | fognánk (or fognók) |
fognátok | fognák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fognálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fogott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fogjak | fogj or fogjál |
fogjon | fogjunk | fogjatok | fogjanak | |
Def. | fogjam | fogd or fogjad |
fogja | fogjuk | fogjátok | fogják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fogott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | fogni | fognom | fognod | fognia | fognunk | fognotok | fogniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
fogás | fogó | fogott | fogandó | fogva (fogván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | foghatok | foghatsz | foghat | foghatunk | foghattok | foghatnak | |
Def. | foghatom | foghatod | foghatja | foghatjuk | foghatjátok | foghatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | foghattam | foghattál | foghatott | foghattunk | foghattatok | foghattak | ||
Def. | foghattam | foghattad | foghatta | foghattuk | foghattátok | foghatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | foghaték | foghatál | foghata | foghatánk | foghatátok | foghatának | ||
Def. | foghatám | foghatád | foghatá | foghatánk | foghatátok | foghaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. foghat vala, foghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | foghatandok or fogandhatok |
foghatandasz or fogandhatsz |
foghatand or fogandhat |
foghatandunk or fogandhatunk |
foghatandotok or fogandhattok |
foghatandanak or fogandhatnak | ||
Def. | foghatandom or fogandhatom |
foghatandod or fogandhatod |
foghatandja or fogandhatja |
foghatandjuk or fogandhatjuk |
foghatandjátok or fogandhatjátok |
foghatandják or fogandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatandalak or fogandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | foghatnék | foghatnál | foghatna | foghatnánk | foghatnátok | foghatnának | |
Def. | foghatnám | foghatnád | foghatná | foghatnánk (or foghatnók) |
foghatnátok | foghatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. foghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | foghassak | foghass or foghassál |
foghasson | foghassunk | foghassatok | foghassanak | |
Def. | foghassam | foghasd or foghassad |
foghassa | foghassuk | foghassátok | foghassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. foghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (foghatni) | (foghatnom) | (foghatnod) | (foghatnia) | (foghatnunk) | (foghatnotok) | (foghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | fogható | Neg. adj. | foghatatlan | Adv. part. | (foghatva / foghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic *piŋe (“tooth”). Cognates include Mansi, Finnish pii.
Noun
fog (plural fogak)
- (anatomy) tooth
- Ez a fog lyukas. ― This tooth has a cavity.
- tooth, cog
- Egy átlagos hegyikerékpár hátsó fogaskerekein rendre 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 34 fog van.
- There are 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 34 teeth on a standard mountain bike's rear sprockets.
- tooth (a sharp projection on a saw or similar implement)
- A fűrész egyik foga hiányzik. ― One of the saw’s teeth is missing.
Declension
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
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singular | plural | |
nominative | fog | fogak |
accusative | fogat | fogakat |
dative | fognak | fogaknak |
instrumental | foggal | fogakkal |
causal-final | fogért | fogakért |
translative | foggá | fogakká |
terminative | fogig | fogakig |
essive-formal | fogként | fogakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | fogban | fogakban |
superessive | fogon | fogakon |
adessive | fognál | fogaknál |
illative | fogba | fogakba |
sublative | fogra | fogakra |
allative | foghoz | fogakhoz |
elative | fogból | fogakból |
delative | fogról | fogakról |
ablative | fogtól | fogaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
fogé | fogaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
fogéi | fogakéi |
Possessive forms of fog | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | fogam | fogaim |
2nd person sing. | fogad | fogaid |
3rd person sing. | foga | fogai |
1st person plural | fogunk | fogaink |
2nd person plural | fogatok | fogaitok |
3rd person plural | foguk | fogaik |
Derived terms
References
- ^ Entry #1830 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ fog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- (verb) fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’An Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (noun) fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’An Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Swedish
Noun
fog n (not commonly inflected)
- Valid cause, valid reason.
- Hon har fog för sin oro. ― She has reason to be worried.
- (dated) Appropriate manner to proceed.
Derived terms
Noun
fog c
- joint, seam
- Fogarna mellan kakelplattorna hade blivit missfärgade med åren. ― The joints between the glazed tiles had become discoloured with the years.
Declension
Declension of fog | ||||
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Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | fog | fogen | fogar | fogarna |
Genitive | fogs | fogens | fogars | fogarnas |
Derived terms
References
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɒɡ
- English terms with unknown etymologies
- English terms derived from North Germanic languages
- English terms borrowed from Danish
- English terms derived from Danish
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- en:Photography
- en:Computer graphics
- English intransitive verbs
- English transitive verbs
- Requests for date/John Dryden
- British English
- English dialectal terms
- Requests for quotations/Halliwell
- Scottish English
- en:Atmospheric phenomena
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio links
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian slang
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian auxiliary verbs
- Hungarian reflexive verbs
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:Anatomy
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian three-letter words
- hu:Teeth
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish dated terms
- Swedish common-gender nouns