From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+96E8, 雨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96E8

[U+96E7]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+96E9]
U+2FAC, ⾬
KANGXI RADICAL RAIN

[U+2FAB]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FAD]
U+2ED7, ⻗
CJK RADICAL RAIN

[U+2ED6]
CJK Radicals Supplement
[U+2ED8]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean
Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • In mainland China, Japan, and Korea, the inner dots of the character are written as , which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
  • In Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Vietnam, the inner dots of the character are written as and its mirror image .
  • When this character is used as an upper radical component, the form is different depending on the script used.
    • For Ming typeface (明體/明朝体):
      • In mainland China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, the radical component resembles (U+2ED7) with four horizontal lines which is also the historical form used in the Kangxi dictionary.
      • In Taiwan and Hong Kong, the radical component resembles the character itself (with and its mirror image) but the lower right hook of is omitted.
    • For regular script (楷書):
      • In mainland China and Japan, the radical component resembles the character itself (with ) but the lower right hook of is omitted.
      • In Taiwan and Hong Kong, the radical component resembles the character itself (with and its mirror image) but the lower right hook of is omitted.

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 173, +0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中月卜 (MLBY), four-corner 10227, composition (GJK) or 𠕒(HTV))

  1. Kangxi radical #173, .

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1371, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42210
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1878, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4057, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+96E8

Further reading

[edit]

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp. ⿻丅⿵冂⿰丶丶
alternative forms
𠕒
𠕘
𠕲

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a cloud with drops of rain falling from it. The horizontal stroke at the top was added later. (Compare Egyptian 𓇲.)

Wikipedia has articles on:

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/r/s-wa.

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Note:
  • hṳ̄ - vernacular;
  • ṳ̀ - literary.
Note:
  • huô - vernacular;
  • ṳ̄ - literary.
Note:
  • hō͘/hǒ͘/hǔ - vernacular;
  • ú/í - literary.
Note:
  • hou6 - vernacular;
  • u2 - literary.
Note: yi (Chongming, Jiading) - vernacular pronunciation.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (35)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter hjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦioX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuə̆X/
Li
Rong
/ɣioX/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ/
English rain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 15952
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷaʔ/
大雨 (dàyǔ, “heavy rain”)

Definitions

[edit]

  1. rain (Classifier: ; )
  2. (figurative) friend
  3. (figurative) teaching; instruction
Synonyms
[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (u)
  • Korean: 우(雨) (u)
  • Vietnamese: ()

Pronunciation 2

[edit]


Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (35)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter hjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦioH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuə̆H/
Li
Rong
/ɣioH/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ-s/
English rain (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 15953
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷas/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (literary) to rain
  2. (literary, of rain, snow, tears, etc.) to fall (like rain)
  3. (literary) to moisten

Synonyms

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: (u, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (u, Jōyō)
  • Kun: あめ (ame, , Jōyō)あま (ama, , Jōyō )
  • Nanori: さめ (same)ふる (furu)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
あめ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨ame2 → */aməɨ//ame/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *amay.

Cognate with (ame, unbound apophonic of ama, “sky),[1] as in the location of clouds where water precipitates from.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あめ) (ame

  1. rain, rainfall
    (ひと)(あめ)ごとに(はる)()hitoame goto ni haru ga kuruspring nears by each rainfall
  2. a rainy weather
    Synonym: 雨天 (uten)
  3. (figurative) something falling like rain
Usage notes
[edit]
  • In some compounds, when suffixed, ame becomes same. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier same, or if this was an epenthesis for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in (ao, becoming sao in old compounds) and (ine, becoming shine in old compounds). Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix (-s-) used to mark possession, much like English -s-.
Quotations
[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:雨.

Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC hjuX).

Affix

[edit]

() (u

  1. rain
  2. (figuratively) something falling like rain
  3. (figuratively) favor, blessing
Derived terms
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC hjuX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅮᆼ〯 (Yale: ngwǔ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 비〮 (Yale: ) 우〯 (Yale: )

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (bi u))

  1. hanja form? of (rain) [affix]

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Miyako

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あみ) (ami

  1. rain

Northern Amami Ōshima

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あむぃ) (amï

  1. rain
    今日(きゅう)や、ひかんまら一日中(いちにちじゅう)(あむぃ)模様(もよう)だりょっと。
    Kyūya, hikanmaraichinichizyūamïmoyōdaryotto.
    It has been raining all day today since this morning.

Okinawan

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *ami.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あみ) (ami

  1. rain, rainfall

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]


Old Japanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *amay.

Cognate with (ame2, sky),[1] as in the location of clouds where water precipitates from.

Noun

[edit]

(ame2) (kana あめ)

  1. rain, rainfall

Usage notes

[edit]
  • In some compounds, when prefixed, ame becomes the bound apophonic ama.
  • In some compounds, when suffixed, ame becomes same.

Quotations

[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:雨.

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • Japanese: (ame)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: [1][2]
: Nôm readings: [1][3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of (rain).

References

[edit]

Yonaguni

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あみ) (ami

  1. rain

Yoron

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あみ) (ami

  1. rain

Derived terms

[edit]