常

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

常 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火月口中月 (FBRLB), four-corner 9022₇, composition ⿱龸吊)

Derived characters

• 𭂝, 𠼔, 嫦, 𫺺, 𣻸, 𣙟, 𣰎, 龦, 瑺, 𫀠, 𮈼, 蟐, 𮖫, 𭋠, 鏛, 𫙲, 𭀕, 𩀯, 𫷓, 𪄹, 𢊥, 𫉒, 𤹰, 㦂

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 333, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8955
• Dae Jaweon: page 639, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 744, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5E38

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		常
alternative forms		㦂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
當	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	*taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	*taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨	*taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	*tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	*tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	*hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	*tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	*tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	*djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	*djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 巾 (“cloth”).

The character originally referred to "lower garment", before being phonetically borrowed to mean "long-lasting; frequently". The original sense is now represented by the character 裳 (OC *djaŋ, “lower garment”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cháng (chang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang² / sang²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): song²

• Northern Min (KCR): iǒ̤ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siûⁿ / siôⁿ / chhiâng / siông / siâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sion⁵ / siên⁵ / siang⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang²
    • Yale: cháng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
    • Palladius: чан (čan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cang² / sang²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang / sang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/, /saŋ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: soeng⁴
    • Yale: sèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: songˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: song²
    • Sinological IPA: /soŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: song²
    • Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɔŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siûⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siûnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /siũ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siũ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siôⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siônn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviooi
    • IPA (Tainan): /siɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔ̃¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiaang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông
    • Tâi-lô: siông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sioong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /siɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâng
    • Tâi-lô: siâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ¹³/

Note:

• siûⁿ/siôⁿ - vernacular;
• chhiâng - vernacular (only in 常在);
• siông/siâng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sion⁵ / siên⁵ / siang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siôⁿ / siêⁿ / siâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sĩõ⁵⁵/, /sĩẽ⁵⁵/, /siaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• sion5/siên5 - vernacular (siên5 - Chaozhou);
• siang5 - literary.

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 常
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/saŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/saŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/zã¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zɑŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiau⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ʂɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɔŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/soŋ¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʃoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sœŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰœŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/sœŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siɔŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/suoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siaŋ⁵⁵/ /siõ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tiaŋ³¹/ /saŋ³¹/ 平時

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyang

Rime
Character	常
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	市羊切
Baxter	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]aŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	常
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyang ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]aŋ/
English	constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	常
Reading #	1/1
No.	11152
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	常
Old Chinese	/*djaŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 常

1. normal; general; common
2. constant; invariable
3. often; frequently
4. 51st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "constancy" (𝌸)
5. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 常常 (“often; frequently”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		經常, 時常, 常常, 時時, 往往, 每每
Mandarin	Beijing	常
	Taiwan	常常
	Harbin	時不見兒, 時不當, 時不當兒, 時不常, 時不常兒, 時不時
	Jinan	常常, 常, 時常
	Xi'an	常常, 常, 時常
	Wuhan	帶常, 時常
	Chengdu	時常, 常常, 隨時, 時不時
	Yangzhou	常
	Hefei	常
	Singapore	常常
Cantonese	Guangzhou	時時, 時常, 長時, 周時, 遇時, 時不時
	Hong Kong	成日, 經常, 時時, 好多時, 好多時候, 周時, 周不時
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	經常
	Yangjiang	周時
Gan	Nanchang	千常, 時常
Hakka	Meixian	輒常, 長時, 時常, 時不時
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 登常, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	輒輒, 長在, 輒常, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 經常
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	輒輒, 常勻, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	輒輒, 不時, 輒, 恬恬, 長透, 時時
	Hong Kong	長日
Huizhou	Jixi	三不時, 時不時
Jin	Taiyuan	常常, 時常, 時不時
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	稠稠, 稠, 盡稠
Southern Min	Xiamen	定定, 長長, 四常, 時常, 常常, 不時, 不期時
	Quanzhou	定定, 長長, 四常, 時常, 常常, 不時
	Zhangzhou	定定, 時常, 常常, 不時, 不期時
	Tainan	定定, 時常, 常常, 不時, 捷捷, 沓沓, 常在, 往往
	Manila (Hokkien)	定定, 常常, 四常, 不時
	Chaozhou	長時, 惦惦
	Shantou	經常, 時常, 時時, 惦惦
	Bangkok (Teochew)	惦惦
	Leizhou	長世, 長常
Wu	Shanghai	常樁, 常常, 經常
	Shanghai (Chongming)	千常
	Suzhou	時常, 常時, 常樁
	Ningbo	老老, 老長 rare, 長常 rare, 長時 rare
	Wenzhou	清清, 常期
Xiang	Changsha	練常, 打常, 扯常, 扯常子, 時不時
	Shuangfeng	練常, 常常

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (常):

• → Japanese: 常(じょう) (jō)
• → Korean: 상(常) (sang)
• → Vietnamese: thường (常)

References

• “Query for 常”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

---

Japanese

Kanji

常

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. eternal, unchanging
2. ordinary, usual
3. continuation
4. Hitachi Province

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: きだ (kida, 常); つね (tsune, 常, Jōyō); とこ (toko, 常, Jōyō); とことわ (tokotowa, 常); とわ (towa, 常)
• Nanori: つら (tsura); とき (toki); ときわ (tokiwa)^{←ときは (tokifa, historical)}; のぶ (nobu); ひ (hi); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi); ひた (hita)

Compounds

• 常陸(ひたち) (Hitachi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
常
じょう Grade: 5
on’yomi

/d͡ʑau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/

From Middle Chinese 常 (MC dzyang).

Adverb

常(じょう) • (jō) ^{←じやう (zyau)?}

1. (obsolete) always, constantly, consistently

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 常温(じょうおん) (jōon)
• 常(じょう)軌(き) (jōki)
• 常(じょう)時(じ) (jōji)
• 常識(じょうしき) (jōshiki)
• 常州(じょうしゅう) (Jōshū)
• 常習(じょうしゅう) (jōshū)
• 常人(じょうじん) (jōjin), 常人(じょうにん) (jōnin)
• 常体(じょうたい) (jōtai)
• 常態(じょうたい) (jōtai)
• 常任(じょうにん) (jōnin)
• 常磐(じょうばん) (Jōban)
• 常(じょう)備(び) (jōbi)
• 常(じょう)務(む) (jōmu)
• 常(じょう)夜(や) (jōya)
• 常用(じょうよう) (jōyō)
• 常緑(じょうりょく) (jōryoku)
• 異(い)常(じょう) (ijō)
• 経常(けいじょう) (keijō)
• 恒常(こうじょう) (kōjō)
• 綱常(こうじょう) (kōjō)
• 五(ご)常(じょう) (gojō)
• 尋常(じんじょう) (jinjō)
• 正常(せいじょう) (seijō)
• 通常(つうじょう) (tsūjō)
• 日常(にちじょう) (nichijō)
• 非(ひ)常(じょう) (hijō)
• 平常(へいじょう) (heijō)
• 無(む)常(じょう) (mujō)

Noun

常(じょう) • (jō) ^{←じやう (zyau)?}

1. a traditional Japanese unit of length, equal to one 丈 (jō, roughly three meters) and three 尺 (shaku, roughly one foot or thirty centimeters)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
常
きだ Grade: 5
kun’yomi

*⟨ki₁da⟩ → */kʲida/ → /kida/

First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Cognate with root kiza in 刻む (kizamu, “to mince; to slice; to cut a thing into pieces; to groove, to nick, to notch”).

Also sometimes read as kita.

Alternative forms

• 段

Noun

常(きだ) or 常(きた) • (kida or kita) 

1. (obsolete) a traditional Japanese unit of measure for the length of cut cloth, equal to one 丈 (jō, roughly three meters) and three 尺 (shaku, roughly one foot or thirty centimeters)
2. (obsolete) a traditional Japanese unit of measure for the area of an agricultural field or paddy, equal to either 360 歩 (bu, around 1190 square meters), later reduced to 300 歩 (bu)/坪 (tsubo, almost 992 square meters)

   Synonym: 段 (tan)

Counter

常(きだ) • (-kida) 

1. counter for cuts or strips of something

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
常
つね Grade: 5
kun’yomi

/tune/ → /t͡sune/

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, compiled around 759 CE. May be cognate with 綱 (tsuna, “thick rope; binding”), with underlying ideas of "connection, continuance".

Alternative forms

• 恒

Adjective

常(つね) • (tsune) -na (adnominal 常(つね)な (tsune na), adverbial 常(つね)に (tsune ni))

1. (obsolete) eternal, permanent, consistent
2. (obsolete) normal, everyday, regular, usual, ordinary

   Synonyms: 普段 (fudan), 普通 (futsū), 平素 (heiso)

Usage notes

This appears as an adjective in older texts with the classical attributive form tsune naru. When used attributively in modern Japanese, this term is used with the particle の (no) instead:

• 常(つね)の人(ひと)

  tsune no hito

  everyday people, regular people

Modern Japanese does still use this term as an adverb, with particle に (ni):

• このカメラは常(つね)にオンになっている。

  Kono kamera wa tsune ni on ni natte iru.

  This camera is always on.

• あの会社(かいしゃ)はサービスが常(つね)に悪(わる)い。

  Ano kaisha wa sābisu ga tsune ni warui.

  That company has consistently bad service.

Derived terms

• 常体(つねたい) (tsunetai)
• 常々(つねづね), 常常(つねづね) (tsunezune)
• 経常(けいつね) (keitsune)

Noun

常(つね) • (tsune) 

1. constancy, continuance
2. the ordinary, the everyday

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
常
とこ Grade: 5
kun’yomi

⟨to₂ko₂⟩ → */təkə/ → /toko/

From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with 時 (toki, “time”). Alternatively, from Proto-Nivkh *d’ək (whence Nivkh тьык (țək, “(a) long time”)).

The way the term is used in the historical record suggests that this was originally a noun. By the time of written Japanese, however, this term only appears in compounds, never on its own, and its usage is more as an adjective to modify other nouns.

Prefix

常(とこ) • (toko-) 

1. eternal, forever, unchanging, everlasting

Usage notes

Only used in compounds. Attaches to nouns and other nominals, often (but not always) with the now-obsolete possessive particle つ (tsu).

• 常(とこ)つ御(み)門(かど)、常(とこ)夏(なつ)、常(とこ)とわ

  toko tsu mikado, tokonatsu, tokotowa

  the eternal palace, eternal summer, eternal permanence [→ eternity]

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 常(とこ)し (tokoshi)
• 常(とこ)しえ (tokoshie)
• 常秋(とこあき) (tokoaki)
• 常(とこ)乙(おと)女(め) (toko otome)
• 常(とこ)つ国(くに) (toko tsu kuni)
• 常夏(とこなつ) (tokonatsu)
• 常春(とこはる) (tokoharu)
• 常冬(とこふゆ) (tokofuyu)
• 常闇(とこやみ) (tokoyami)
• 常(とこ)世(よ) (tokoyo)
• 常(とこ)夜(よ) (tokoyo)
• 常(とき)磐(わ), 常(とき)盤(わ) (tokiwa)
• 常(とこ)葉(わ) (tokowa), 常(とき)葉(わ) (tokiwa)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
常
とことわ Grade: 5
kun’yomi

/tokotoba/ → /tokotowa/

From Old Japanese. Read as tokotoba until the Heian period.

Appears to be originally a compound of 常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) +‎ とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba).

This latter element is of unclear derivation. Some sources indicate that towa as an independent term arose as a contraction of earlier tokotoba, suggesting the possibility that toba was initially a compound of particles と (to, adverbial particle) + は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle). However, other sources describe tokotowa as an intensified or emphatic form of towa.

Alternative forms

• 常とわ, 恒とわ, (rare) 永久

Adjective

常(とことわ) • (tokotowa) ^{←とことは (tokotofa)?}-na (adnominal 常(とことわ)な (tokotowa na), adverbial 常(とことわ)に (tokotowa ni))

1. (archaic, rare) permanent, eternal

   Synonym: 常しえ (tokoshie)

2. (archaic, rare) usual, ordinary

   Synonym: 常 (tsune)

Usage notes

Listed in dictionaries as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjective”). However, actual usage suggests that this was only used with particle に (ni) as an adverb, and never with particle な (na) or classical なる (naru) as an adjective. When this appears attributively, it is followed by particle の (no), the usual construction when using a noun to modify another noun.

Noun

常(とことわ) • (tokotowa) ^{←とことは (tokotofa)?}

1. (archaic, rare) permanence, eternity

   Synonym: 常しえ (tokoshie)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
常
とわ Grade: 5
kun’yomi

/toba/ → /towa/

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Tales of Ise, likely dating to the early 900s CE. Pronounced as toba until the later Heian period.

Ultimate derivation unknown. May be a contraction of earlier tokotoba (see above), or may have been an independent term used to form tokotoba as a compound.

Alternative forms

• (rare) 永久

Adjective

常(とわ) • (towa) ^{←とは (tofa)?}-na (adnominal 常(とわ)な (towa na), adverbial 常(とわ)に (towa ni))

1. constant, permanent, everlasting

   Synonym: 常しえ (tokoshie)

Usage notes

Listed in some dictionaries as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjective”); other sources only list this as a 副詞 (fukushi, “adverb”). Historical usage suggests that this was only used with particle に (ni) as an adverb, and not with particle な (na) or classical なる (naru) as an adjective. When this appears attributively, it is followed by particle の (no), the usual construction when using a noun to modify another noun.

Noun

常(とわ) • (towa) ^{←とは (tofa)?}

1. constancy, permanence, everlastingness

   Synonym: 常しえ (tokoshie)

---

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 常 (MC dzyang).

Hanja

Wikisource

常 (eumhun 떳떳할 상 (tteottteothal sang))
常 (eumhun 항상 상 (hangsang sang))

1. Hanja form^? of 상 (“honorable; righteous; upright; dignified”).
2. Hanja form^? of 상 (“eternal; everlasting”).
3. Hanja form^? of 상 (“constant; frequent”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 상객 (常客, sanggaek)
• 상궤 (常軌, sanggwe)
• 상규 (常規, sanggyu)
• 상도 (常道, sangdo)
• 상례 (常例, sangnye)
• 상례 (常禮, sangnye)
• 상리 (常理, sangni)
• 상무 (常務, sangmu)
• 상민 (常民, sangmin)
• 상반 (常班, sangban)
• 상복 (常服, sangbok)
• 상비 (常備, sangbi)
• 상설 (常設, sangseol)
• 상수 (常數, sangsu)
• 상습 (常習, sangseup)
• 상시 (常時, sangsi)
• 상식 (常識, sangsik)
• 상식 (常食, sangsik)
• 상임 (常任, sang'im)
• 상정 (常情, sangjeong)
• 상존 (常存, sangjon)
• 상주 (常住, sangju)
• 상태 (常態, sangtae)
• 상투 (常套, sangtu)
• 강상 (綱常, gangsang)
• 경상 (經常, gyeongsang)
• 괴상 (乖常, goesang)
• 기상 (旂常, gisang)
• 무상 (無常, musang)
• 반상 (班常, bansang)
• 비상 (非常, bisang)
• 심상 (尋常, simsang)
• 오상 (五常, osang)
• 윤상 (倫常, yunsang)
• 이상 (異常, isang)
• 일상 (日常, ilsang)
• 정상 (定常, jeongsang)
• 정상 (正常, jeongsang)
• 통상 (通常, tongsang)
• 평상 (平常, pyeongsang)
• 항상 (恒常, hangsang)
• 상록수 (常綠樹, sangnoksu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

---

Vietnamese

Han character

常: Hán Việt readings: thường (辰(thần)羊(dương)切(thiết))
常: Nôm readings: thường, sàn

1. Template:han tu form of
2. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

Compounds

• 常用 (thường dụng)
• 常常 (thường thường)
• 常川 (thường xuyên)
• 不常 (bất thường)
• 異常 (dị thường)
• 非常 (phi thường)
• 失常 (thất thường)
• 通常 (thông thường)
• 無常 (vô thường)