歲

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Archived revision by Shāntián Tàiláng (talk | contribs) as of 17:24, 14 October 2019.
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See also: 歳, 岁, 亗, and 嵗

Template:character info/new

歲 U+2F8F3, 歲
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F3
← 㱎
[U+2F8F2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 殟 →
[U+2F8F4]

Translingual

Traditional 歲
Shinjitai 歳
Simplified 岁

Han character

歲 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜一戈竹竹 (YMIHH), four-corner 21253, composition ⿱止⿵戌𣥂)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 577, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16326
  • Dae Jaweon: page 967, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1443, character 20
  • Unihan data for U+6B72

Chinese

trad. 歲
simp. 岁
alternative forms
 
嵗
歳
𫞓
𢧡
𢧁
嵗
歳
𫞓
𢧡
𢧁
㞸
亗
㒸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 歲
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (歲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
噦 *qʰʷaːds, *qʷrad, *qʷad
翽 *qʰʷaːds
鐬 *qʰʷaːds
濊 *qʰʷaːds, *qʷaːds, *qʷads, *qʰʷaːd
歲 *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad
劌 *kʷrads
顪 *qʰʷads
穢 *qʷads
薉 *qʷads
獩 *qʷads
饖 *qʷads
奯 *qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad) : semantic 步 + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sê4 - vernacular;
  • sui4 - literary.
Note:
  • huói - vernacular;
  • suói - literary.
Note:
  • hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
  • sòe - literary.
Note:
  • huê3 - vernacular;
  • suê3 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 歲
Mandarin Beijing /suei⁵¹/
Harbin /suei⁵³/
Tianjin /suei⁵³/
Jinan /suei²¹/
Qingdao /sue⁴²/
Zhengzhou /suei³¹²/
Xi'an /suei²¹/
Xining /suɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /suei¹³/
Lanzhou /suei¹³/
Ürümqi /suei²¹³/
Wuhan /sei³⁵/
Chengdu /suei¹³/
Guiyang /suei²¹³/
Kunming /sei²²/
/suei²¹²/
Nanjing /suəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /se⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /suei⁴⁵/
Pingyao /suei³⁵/
Hohhot /suei⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /sø³⁵/
Suzhou /se̞⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /sz̩⁴²/
Hui Shexian /ɕye³²⁴/
/ɕy³²⁴/
Tunxi /se⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /sei⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /səi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sui⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sui⁵³/
Taoyuan /se⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy³³/
Nanning /ɬui³³/
Hong Kong /søy³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sue²¹/
/he²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huɔi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuɛ³³/
/sy³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /sue²¹³/
/hue²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sui³⁵/
/hue³⁵/
Rime
Character 歲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 祭 (36)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 相銳切
Baxter sjwejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siuᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sʷiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siuæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swiajH/
Li
Rong 		/siuɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/sĭwɛiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯wɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjwejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-qʷʰat-s/
English year

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歲 歲
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 12165 12175
Phonetic
component 		歲 歲
Rime
group 		祭 月
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		雪
Old
Chinese 		/*sqʰʷads/ /*sqʰʷad/
Notes 甲金文戉分化字，
說文戌聲非

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 歲

  1. (Classical) Jupiter (planet)
  2. a year of the duodecennial Jovian orbital cycle or of the sexagenary cycle based upon it, (particularly) used in discussion of age.
    你現在幾歲？／你现在几岁？  ―  Nǐ xiànzài jǐ suì?  ―  How old are you now?
    我十八歲。／我十八岁。  ―  Wǒ shíbā suì.  ―  I am 18 years old.
    一個十歲的女孩／一个十岁的女孩  ―  yīge shí suì de nǚhái  ―  a ten-year-old girl
    子曰：「歲寒，然後知松柏之後彫也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    子曰：「岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Suì hán, rán hòu zhī sōngbǎi zhī hòu diāo yě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves."
  3. Tai Sui, the god representing each of these years
  4. age
  5. time; period
  6. crop harvests of the year

Usage notes

Ages in 歲 are traditionally reckoned using the Chinese lunar calendar, considered as 1 year old at the moment of birth and increasing not during birthdays, but at the Chinese New Year.

See also

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (歲):
  • → Japanese: 歳(さい) (sai)
  • → Korean: 세(歲) (se)
  • → Vietnamese: tuế (歲)

Others:

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Further reading

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

歲

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • On (unclassified): せい (sei), さい (sai)
  • Kun: とし (toshi), よわい (yowai)

Usage notes

This character lacks JIS support and is not used in Japan. The character 歳 (U+6B73) is used instead.

Korean

Hanja

歲 • (se) (hangeul 세, McCune–Reischauer se, Yale sey)

  1. Age (counter)
  2. Year

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 歲 (tuế, tuổi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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