last

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See also: Last, lȧst, läst, låst, and læst

English

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "RP" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. enPR: läst, IPA(key): /lɑːst/
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "GA" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. enPR: lăst, IPA(key): /læst/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Northern England" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /last/
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Scotland" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɫast/
  • Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst

Etymology 1

From Middle English laste, latst, syncopated variant of latest.

Adjective

last (not comparable)

  1. Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
      Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
    “Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.
  2. Most recent, latest, last so far.
    • 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist‎[1], volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
      In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year.
    The last time I saw him, he was married.
    I have received your note dated the 17th last, and am responding to say that […]
    .   (archaic usage)
  3. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.
    He is the last person to be accused of theft.
    The last person I want to meet is Helen.
    More rain is the last thing we need right now.
  4. Being the only one remaining of its class.
    Japan is the last empire.
  5. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
    • 1802, Robert Hall, Reflections on War
      Contending for principles of the last importance.
  6. Lowest in rank or degree.
    the last prize
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations

Determiner

last

  1. The (one) immediately before the present.
    We went there last year.
    I was last to arrive.
  2. (of days of the week or months of the year) Closest in the past, or closest but one if the closest was very recent; of days, sometimes thought to specifically refer to the instance closest to seven days (one week) ago, or the most recent instance before seven days (one week) ago.
    It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday; that is, not yesterday, but eight days ago.
    When you say last Monday, do you mean the Monday just gone, or the one before that?
Usage notes
  • (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.
Translations

Adverb

last (not comparable)

  1. Most recently.
    When we last met, he was based in Toronto.
  2. (sequence) after everything else; finally
    I'll go last as I have to add the butter last.
    last but not least
Synonyms
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *laistijan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).

Verb

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
  2. (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
    Summer seems to last longer each year.
    They seem happy now, but that won't last long.
    • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
      Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
  3. (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.
    I don't know how much longer we can last without reinforcements.
Synonyms
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
Antonyms
Translations

Etymology 3

Various lasts, circa 1930.

From Old English lǣste, Proto-Germanic *laistiz. Compare Swedish läst, German Leisten.

Noun

last (plural lasts)

  1. A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
    • 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
      How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

  1. To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.
    to last a boot

Etymology 4

From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.

Noun

last (plural lasts or lasten)

  1. (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
  2. (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
    • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:
      Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].
    • 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 1, page 169,
      The last of wool is twelve sacks.
  3. (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
  4. A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.
Derived terms
Translations

Further reading

Anagrams

Chinese

Etymology

From English last.

Pronunciation 1

Adjective

last

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) last (final; ultimate)

Pronunciation 2

Verb

last

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to last (to endure)

Danish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German last, from the verb laden (“to transport”), from Old Saxon hladan.

Noun

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

  1. cargo
  2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
  3. weight, burden
Inflection
Declension of last
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lasten laster lasterne
genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternes
Synonyms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).

Noun

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

  1. vice
Inflection
Declension of last
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lasten laster lasterne
genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternes

Etymology 3

See laste (“to load, carry”) and laste (“to blame”).

Verb

last

  1. (deprecated template usage) imperative of laste

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch last, from Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

Noun

last m (plural lasten, diminutive lastje n)

  1. load, weight
  2. burden
  3. hindrance, problem
  4. expense
  5. (law) requirement, duty
  6. (dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Negerhollands: last

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

last

  1. (deprecated template usage) second- and third-person singular present indicative of lassen
  2. (deprecated template usage) (archaic) plural imperative of lassen

Anagrams

Estonian

Noun

last (genitive lasti, partitive lasti)

  1. cargo

Declension

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Noun

last

  1. partitive singular of laps

Faroese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).

Noun

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

  1. vice
Inflection
Declension of last
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lastin lastir lastirnar
accusative last lastina lastir lastirnar
dative last lastini lastum lastunum
genitive lastar lastarinnar lasta lastanna

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.

Noun

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

  1. cargo
  2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
Inflection
Declension of last
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lastin lastir lastirnar
accusative last lastina lastir lastirnar
dative last lastini lastum lastunum
genitive lastar lastarinnar lasta lastanna

German

Pronunciation

Verb

last

  1. second-person singular/plural preterite of lesen

Icelandic

Etymology

See löstur (“fault, vice, reprehensible action”)

Pronunciation

Noun

last n (genitive singular lasts, no plural)

  1. blame

Declension

    Declension of last
n-s singular
indefinite definite
nominative last lastið
accusative last lastið
dative lasti lastinu
genitive lasts lastsins

Synonyms

Derived terms

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

Noun

last m or f or n

  1. load, weight
  2. task, duty, obligation
  3. tax (money)
  4. (emotional) difficulty, sorrow
  5. a unit of volume

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German last.

Noun

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)

  1. a load or cargo
Derived terms
Terms derived from last

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

last

  1. imperative of laste

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German last.

Noun

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)

  1. a load or cargo

Derived terms

Terms derived from last

References

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laist, along with the feminine variant lǣst.

Cognates
Cognate with Middle Dutch leest (Dutch leest), Old High German leist (German Leist), Old Norse leistr (“foot, sock”) (Swedish läst, Danish læst).

Pronunciation

Noun

lāst m (nominative plural lāstas)

  1. footstep, track

Declension

Declension of lāst (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative lāst lāstas
accusative lāst lāstas
genitive lāstes lāsta
dative lāste lāstum

Derived terms

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *volstь.

Pronunciation

Noun

lȃst f

  1. property

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nominative lást
genitive lastí
singular
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		lást
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		lastí
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		lásti
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		lást
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		lásti
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		lastjó

Swedish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.

Noun

last c

  1. cargo
  2. load; a burden
  3. load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
  4. (engineering) load; a force on a structure
  5. (electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
Declension
Declension of last 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative last lasten laster lasterna
Genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternas
Derived terms

See also

Descendants

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish laster (Old Icelandic lǫstr), from Old Norse löstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).

Noun

last c

  1. habit which is difficult to get rid of, vice
    Rökning var hans enda last
Declension
Declension of last 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative last lasten laster lasterna
Genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternas
Derived terms

Anagrams

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