沈
|
|
Translingual
Han character
沈 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中月山 (ELBU), four-corner 34112, composition ⿰氵冘)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 610, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17189
- Dae Jaweon: page 1002, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1572, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6C88
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 沈 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
冘 | *lu, *lum |
抌 | *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ |
狖 | *lus |
貁 | *lus |
耽 | *ʔl'uːm |
眈 | *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm |
酖 | *ʔl'uːm |
妉 | *ʔl'uːm |
黕 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
衴 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
瓭 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
馾 | *ʔl'uːms |
髧 | *l'uːmʔ |
紞 | *ʔl'oːmʔ |
鈂 | *zlum, *l'um |
沈 | *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ |
沉 | *l'um |
枕 | *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums |
莐 | *l'um |
霃 | *l'um |
鴆 | *l'ums |
訦 | *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ |
忱 | *ɦljum |
邥 | *hljumʔ |
魫 | *hljumʔ |
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 水 (“water”) + 羊 (“sheep”) — to submerge a sheep into the water (as a form of sacrifice to the river god). Other forms included 牛 (“ox”) or 玉 (“jade”) instead of 羊.
Starting from the bronze inscriptions, it became a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 冘 (OC *lu, *lum).
This character was later borrowed to signify the surname, and the variant 沉 (OC *l'um) was adopted for the original meaning.
Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 沈 – see 瀋 (“liquid; juice; to pour; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 瀋). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 2
simp. and trad. |
沈 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 沉 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chén
- Wade–Giles: chʻên2
- Yale: chén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
- Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cam4 / zam3
- Yale: chàhm / jam
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsam4 / dzam3
- Guangdong Romanization: cem4 / zem3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐm²¹/, /t͡sɐm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: drim, drimH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[d]r[ə]m/, /*[d]r[ə]m/, /*[d]r[ə]m/, /*[d]r[ə]m-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'um/, /*l'ums/
Definitions
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 沉 (chén).
- (obsolete) ritual sacrifice in which animals are submerged in water
- (obsolete) put poison in liquid
- sixty-fourth tetragram of the Taixuanjing, "sinking" (𝍅)
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Etymology 3
simp. and trad. |
沈 |
---|
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 195: Incorrect tone notation "2" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.
Definitions
- Shen, a state during the Zhou dynasty and located in modern-day Henan
- 三年,春,莊叔會諸侯之師伐沈,以其服於楚也,沈潰。凡民逃其上曰潰,在上曰逃。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Sānnián, chūn, Zhuāngshū huì zhūhóu zhī shī fá Shěn, yǐ qí fú yú chǔ yě, Shěn kuì. Fán mín táo qí shàng yuē kuì, zàishàng yuē táo. [Pinyin]
- In the third year's spring, Zhuangshu gathered the various princes' armies and attacked Shen, because it had submitted to Chu. Shen was routed. Whenever the people leave their superiors, it's called "rout"; when superiors do so, it's called "leave".
三年,春,庄叔会诸侯之师伐沈,以其服于楚也,沈溃。凡民逃其上曰溃,在上曰逃。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Etymology 4
simp. and trad. |
沈 |
---|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tán
- Wade–Giles: tʻan2
- Yale: tán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
- Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 沈沈.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: しん (shin)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)、じん (jin)←ぢん (din, historical)←ぢむ (dimu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)、ちん (chin, Jōyō)←ちん (tin, historical)←ちむ (timu, ancient)
- Kun: しずむ (shizumu, 沈む, Jōyō)、しずめる (shizumeru, 沈める, Jōyō)
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 沈 (MC drim).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 띰 (Yale: ttim) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 沉/팀 (thim)訓 (Yale: thim) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰim]
- Phonetic hangul: [침]
Hanja
- hanja form? of 침 (“to sink; to submerge”)
- hanja form? of 침 (“to indulge in”)
- hanja form? of 침 (“dark; gloomy”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 沈 (MC syimX).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 심〯 (Yale: sǐm) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [심(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
沈 (eumhun 성씨 심 (seongssi sim))
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
Han character
沈: Hán Nôm readings: trầm, đắm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese terms spelled with 沈
- Chinese simplified forms
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese surnames
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading じん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぢん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading ぢむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ちん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ちん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading ちむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しず・む
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しず・める
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Korean surnames
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters