User:TheSilverWolf98/Germanic Birds

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Bird (Aves)

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*fuglaz

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: [Term?]
      • Middle English: [Term?]
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Voggel
            East Westphalian:
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Fuuegel
            Ravensberger Mundart: Fuogel
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
  • Proto-Norse:
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍃 (fugls)

Galliformes

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Chicken

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*keukô (oblique *kukk-)

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*kiukilīngaz

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*kiukīną

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*kukkaz

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *kokk
    • Old English: cocc
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: kaukje
  • Proto-Norse:

*hōną

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *hōn
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: hóón
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Houn
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
        • Central Franconian:
          Ripuarian: Hohn
          Moselle Franconian: Huhn
        • German: Huhn

*hanô

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *hanō
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:

*hanjō

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *hannju
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Sol'ring: Hen
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: häen
    • Old High German: henna
      • Middle High German:

*hōnijǭ

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  • Proto-Norse:

Capercaille (Tetrao urogallus)

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*urzô

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  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
    • Elfdalian: uorre

Grouse

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*þeduraz

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Related to Ancient Greek τέτραξ (tétrax), Proto-Balto-Slavic *teterwás, Proto-Indo-Iranian *tatr̥wás, and Proto-Celtic *teteros. This gives a PIE form something along the lines of *tetr-.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: þiðurr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish: thiädhur
        • Swedish: tjäder
          Norbotten: terör, tidur
          Ångermanland: tjear
          Gästrikland: tjodder
          Piteå: tjidder
          Västerbotten: tjädar

Phasianidae

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Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix)

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[Term?]

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Literally "field-hen".

  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

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Related to Proto-Slavic *arębъ (“partridge”) and also to Proto-Germanic *erpaz (“brown”); Proto-Germanic *erpilaz (“drake”); Proto-Germanic *erpô (“hazel grouse”); Proto-Germanic *reupǭ (“ptarmigan”); Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”); Old Irish riabach (“spotted,variegated”); Lithuanian raibas (“spotted, variegated”); and Latvian raibs (“spotted, variegated”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • → Danish: rapphøne
  • → Swedish: rapphöna

[Term?]

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Not a Germanic word - borrowed from Latin.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:

[Term?]

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Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus)

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[Term?]

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*reupǭ

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Related to Proto-Slavic *arębъ (“partridge”) and also to Proto-Germanic *erpaz (“brown”); Proto-Germanic *erpilaz (“drake”); Proto-Germanic *erpô (“hazel grouse”); Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”); Old Irish riabach (“spotted,variegated”); Lithuanian raibas (“spotted, variegated”); and Latvian raibs (“spotted, variegated”).

Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix)

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*hwahtilō

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Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia)

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • West Frisian: boskhin (literally "bush-hen")

[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:

*erpô

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Related to Proto-Slavic *arębъ (“partridge”) and likely also to Proto-Germanic *erpaz (“brown”); Proto-Germanic *reupǭ (“ptarmigan”); Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”); Old Irish riabach (“spotted,variegated”); Lithuanian raibas (“spotted, variegated”); and Latvian raibs (“spotted, variegated”).

Passeriformes

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Swallow

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*swalwǭ

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *swalwā
    • Old Frisian: *swale
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: swóólfke (standard); swóólke (Harlingerland, Jeverland)
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Swalwe
    • Old High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

*swalhwǭ

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White Wagtail (Motacilla alba)

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: akkermantje

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: bāumantje

*artǭ

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*artilǭ

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  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: ertla
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

Lark (Alauda arvensis)

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*laiwarikǭ

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No obvious external relations.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *laiwarikā
    • Old English: lāwerce
    • Old Frisian: *lēwerke
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Laiwerken
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Laiwerken
          • Middle Elbish: Lērke
    • Old High German: lērihha
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
  • Proto-Norse:
  • → Proto-Finnic: *lëivo
  • → Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (from Visigothic or Suevic)
  • → Northern Sami: leivvoš

Finch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes; Carpodacus erythrinus; Fringilla montifringilla; Fringilla coelebs; Pinicola enucleator; Pyrrhula pyrrhula; Carduelis carduelis; Serinus serinus; Linaria flavirostris; Linaria cannabina; Chloris chloris; Acanthis flammea; Acanthis cabaret; Loxia pytyopsittacus; Loxia scotica; Loxia curvirostra; Spinus spinus)

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All lemmas in *fink- and *spink- probably stem from a pseudo Indo-European *sping-, which is seen in other branches.

*finkiz

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  • Proto-West Germanic:

*finkô

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*finkǭ

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  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

*spinkiz

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Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)

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Lemmas in *wrVnd- are possibly related to the Celtic words for "wren": Welsh dryw, Old Irish dreän, and Scottish Gaelic dreathan.

*wrandijô

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*wrindilaz

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Paridae

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Tit (Poecile species)

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*egiþǭ

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*egiþô

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  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

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  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

[Term?]

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*maisǭ

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *maisā
    • Old Frisian: *mēse
      • Western Frisian:
      • Eastern Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: mäiske (possible Frisian loanword)
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Maisen
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
        • Middle Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
        • German: Meise
        • Central Franconian:
          Luxembourgish: Mees
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Coal Tit (Periparus ater)

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*kulamaisǭ

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Turdidae

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Blackbird (Turdus merula)

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*amslǭ

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: ōsle
    • Old Saxon: amsla
      • Middle Low German: [Term?]
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
            Plautdietsch: Aumsel
    • Old High German: amsla

*g-

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Geetling
            East Westphalian:
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Ghaitlink
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: gaitel

Thrush (Turdus philomelos; Turdus viscivorus; Turdus iliacus; Turdus pilaris; Turdus torquatus)

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*lī(h)strô

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *lī(h)strō
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
      • Western Frisian:
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
      • Middle Low German: [Term?]
        • West Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: līstara
      • Middle High German: [Term?]

*þrusk-

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  • Proto-West Germanic:

*þrastuz

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*þrustalǭ

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*þruskijǭ

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  • Proto-West Germanic:

*þrustlō

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German: thrōskila
      • Middle High German: [Term?]

Passeridae

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Sparrow

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[Term?]

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Borrowed from Latin musca (“fly, midge”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
      • Western Frisian:
        • West Frisian: mosk
        • Texels Frisian: moske
      • Eastern Frisian:
        • Wangerooge Frisian: mûzûk
      • North Frisian: mösk, määsk
    • Old Saxon:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: muscha

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • East Frisian:
        • Saterland Frisian: Lünik (borrowing from Saxon)
    • Old Saxon: hliuning

*sparwô

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The Indo-European word for sparrow, cognate with Breton frao (“crow”); Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”); and Tocharian A spārāñ.

*sparwaz

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Sturnidae

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Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

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*sprut-

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Related to *spraiwaz below, and thus to *sparwaz.

*star-

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: stærling, stær
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

*spraiwaz

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Related to the word for sparrow (*sparwaz).

  • Proto-West Germanic: *spraiw
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            Gronings: sprao, sprooie, sprooije
            East Frisian Low Saxon: spróó (standard); spräi (eastern dialects)
          • Westphalian:
            West-Veluws: spraoje
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Spreue, Spreun, Sprain
            Ravensberger Mundart: Sproen
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:
          Luxembourgish: Spréif

Emberizidae

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Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella)

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*amliz

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*amazǭ

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[Term?]

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Obscure - seems to be derived from *gelwaz (“yellow”), literally meaning "the yellow one".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: gēlke

Bunting (Emberiza species)

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*g-

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Unknown lemma that resembles words for the gorse bush: *gurstaz and for barley: *gerstō. According to Etymologiebank.nl, this word is related to kirren (“to coo like a pigeon”).

Fringillidae

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Eurasian Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs)

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: baukfienk

Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes)

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:

Linnet (Linaria cannabina)

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Öömrang: Irlits
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Danish:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:

Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea)

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[Term?]

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Probably mistakenly applied to the redpoll instead of the linnet. A Low Saxon word in any case.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old Gutnish:
      • Gutnish: erits

Corvidae

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Rook (Corvus frugilegus)

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*hrōkaz

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *hrōk
    • Old English: hrōc
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        West Frisian: roek
      • Eastern Frisian:
        Saterland Frisian: Rouk
      • North Frisian:
        Öömrang: Ruk
        Mooring: rök
        Karrharder: rouk
        Nordgoesharder: rouk
    • Old Saxon: hrōk
      • Middle Low German: rôk
        • West Low Saxon: Rook
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: rauk
    • Frankish: *hrōk
    • Old High German: hruoh
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
  • Burgundian: hrōks

*hrōkǭ

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  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
      • Norwegian: råke (possible Danish loan?)
    • Old East Norse: *hrōka
      • Old Swedish: roka
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: ʁɑ̞̽u̯ɡɑ̞̽ ~ ʁɔːɡɑ̞̽ (rauga ~ råga)
      • Old Danish:

Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax; Pyrrhocorax graculus)

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*kahw-

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Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)

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[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:

*dēhǭ

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[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: ɒ̝̽ːlɪt̠ʲɕɑ̞̽ ~ ɒ̝̽ːlɪkɑ̞̽ (alikja ~ alika)
      • Old Danish:

Jay (Perisoreus infaustus; Garrulus glandarius)

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*higurō

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: higora
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon: Häger, Heger
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Hägak, Hajjak
            Ravensberger Mundart: Hiegert
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Hegert
    • Old High German: hehera

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: ɑ̞̽ːɡɑ̞̽ʁəskʁiːɡɑ̞̽ ~ ɑ̞̽kːo̞ʁnɑ̞̽skʁiːkɑ̞̽ ~ ɒ̝̽kːɑ̞̽nɑ̞̽skʁiːkɑ̞̽ (agareskriga ~ akkårnaskrika ~ akkanaskrika)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: skɒ̝̽wskɑ̞̽ːdɛ ~ skɶ̽ːvskɑ̞̽ːdɛ ~ skosːkɑ̞̽ːtə (skawskade ~ skövskade ~ skosskate)
      • Old Danish:

Raven (Corvus corax)

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*hrabnaz

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian: ravan
      • Western Frisian:
      • Eastern Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Rawe, Rahm (plural)
            Ravensberger Mundart: Rawe
            South Westphalian:
            Sauerlander Mundart: Raawe, Riäwe, Raabe
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
  • Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)

Crow (Corvus corone; Corvus cornix)

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Probably related or derived from the verb *krakōną, meaning "to croak" - likely from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂-. This root is also utilised in other IE branches as a word for crows, ravens, jackdaws, and cranes. Originally, it was probably imitative of the bird calls, the hoarseness of which is a distinct feature of all the previously named groups.

*krēk-

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: kráka (from *krēkǭ), krákr (from *krēkaz)
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: kʁɔːu̯ɡɑ̞̽ ~ kʁɔːɡɑ̞̽ ~ kʁɑ̞̽ːu̯ɡɑ̞̽ (kråuga ~ kråga ~ krauga)
      • Old Danish:

*krēǭ

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Related to the verb *krēaną meaning "to shout, cry hoarsely" - the likely root of both is Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂-. From this also comes another word for crow (see above) as well as the word for crane (*kranô).

  • Proto-West Germanic: *krāā
    • Old English: crāwe
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Halligen: krai
        Karrharder: krai
        Nordgoesharder: krai
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Kräie
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Kraijje
            Ravensberger Mundart: Kraiggen
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Kragen
            South Westphalian:
            Sauerlander Mundart: Krägge
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: kraaj
            Gronings: kraai, krije
          • Middle Elbish: Kreie
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
            Plautdietsch: Krauj
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:

Magpie (Pica pica)

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*agō

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *agu
    • Old English: agu
    • Old Frisian: *age
    • Old High German: aga

*agatjǭ

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*agalistrijǭ

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An extension of the more primary *agō, also meaning "magpie". Also of interest to me is the second part of this compound, which reminds me of a Wadden Sea area word for the common thrush: *lī(h)strô, which is continued in modern Dutch as lijster.

*skatǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: *skata
    • Old East Norse: *skata
      • Old Swedish: skata
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: skɑ̞̽ːdɛ (skade)
      • Old Danish:

*skiwarō

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According to Málið.is, this word is probably not related to the words for "jay", but more likely has something to do with *skauniz, dialectal Norwegian skjæve meaning "a dark streak on an animal", Icelandic skjórutur "black and white striped", and Swedish skävig "having multi-coloured stripes". This would mean it connects to the English words sheen and shiny. Quite believable, considering both the pearlescent plumage of the Eurasian magpie's wings and the dark patches all over its body.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: skjór
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish: skjora
        • Swedish:
          Jämtland: skjura, skjöra
          Ostrobothnia: stjoro, stjouro

[Term?]

[edit]

Seems to be a variant of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish:
          Westrobothnia: skír
          Götland: skäre, skäro
          Jämtland: sjira, skira
    • Elfdalian: stjier

Muscapidae

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Nightingale

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[Term?]

[edit]
  • Old Norse: [Term?]

Procellariiformes

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Procellariidae

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Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)

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*fūliz

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Probably derived from *fūlaz meaning "foul, dirty, rotten" on account of the putrid liquid expelled by the birds as a defence mechanism.

  • Proto-Norse:

Shearwater

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: líri
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
  • → Scots: lyre

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
  • → Scots: scrabe
  • → Scottish Gaelic: sgrab

Anseriformes

[edit]

Eider

[edit]

*awadī

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: aideróónt
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Gander

[edit]

*ganzô

[edit]

Smew (Mergellus albellus)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Probably related to *smēhaz, meaning "small". The second element in many of the descendants is *anudz "duck".

  • Proto-West Germanic: *smeuhu
    • Old English: *smēoh
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • West Frisian: smjeunt
        • Amelands Frisian: Smeent
      • North Frisian:
      • Eastern Frisian:
        • Wangerooge Frisian: smênt
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon: Schmeenk, Schmeet, Smeenk, Smeent, Smient, Sminke, Schmundt
          Northern Low Saxon:
          Gronings: smaint
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
          • Dutch: smient
          • West Flemish: smie
          • Zeelandic: smie
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]

Literally means "saw-beak".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Drake

[edit]

*anadrekô

[edit]

Literally means "duck-king".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German: [Term?]

*erpilaz

[edit]

Related to Proto-Slavic *arębъ (“partridge”) and also to Proto-Germanic *erpaz (“brown”); Proto-Germanic *reupǭ (“ptarmigan”); Proto-Germanic *erpô (“hazel grouse”); Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”); Old Irish riabach (“spotted,variegated”); Lithuanian raibas (“spotted, variegated”); and Latvian raibs (“spotted, variegated”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
      • Middle Low German: erpel
        • West Low Saxon:
          Westphalian: Iärpel
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]

*weranudz

[edit]

Literally means "man-duck".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
      • Middle Low German: [Term?]
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Wääk
            East Westphalian:
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Wiierk
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian: wōrt
            Gronings: woord
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
            Plautdietsch: Woat
  • Old Dutch: [Term?]

Goose (Anser anser; Anser fabalis; Anser brachyrhynchus)

[edit]

*gans

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian: gōs
      • Western Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: gaus (standard); goos (eastern Overledingerland)
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Gaus
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Ghaus
            South Westphalian:
            Sauerlander Mundart: Gäos
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Duck

[edit]

*anadz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Aant
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian: óónt
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Teal (Anas crecca)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
      • North Frisian:
        • Öömrang: Uart (probably borrowed from Norse)
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: arta
    • Old East Norse:

*tailijaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

*tailingaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
    • Frankish:

Long-Tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: jāuer

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: kauke

[Term?]

[edit]

Initial part of this compound is Norse haf (“ocean”). Second part is obscure. It is possibly "float", or flotte in Swedish.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Bohuslän: haflut
      • Old Danish: havelit

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Bohuslän: galdust
    • Old Gutnish:
      • Gutnish: kaulus

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: īsóónt
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

[Term?]

[edit]

Suspiciously close to Greenlandic alleq, which has a solid Proto-Inuit etymology - *alɣi. Also similar to Estonian aul, Finnish alli, and Veps all'. Potentially onomatopoeic instead, and that all these words were derived individually, but in parallel.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: alika (diminutive), alla
        • Blekinge: al, ale, ala
        • Småland: al, ale, ala
    • Westrobothnian: all’

Swan (Cygnus olor; Cygnus cygnus; Cygnus columbianus)

[edit]

*albits

[edit]
  • Old Norse: [Term?]

*albitjǭ

[edit]

*swanaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Eastern Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: swóón
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Accipitriformes

[edit]

Vulture

[edit]

*gīraz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: gīw - not directly from *gīraz, but probably related.
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
    • Old Saxon: gīr
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian: gier
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: gīr
      • Middle High German: gīr
        • German: Geier
        • Alemannic: Giir
        • Central Franconian:
          Luxembourgish: Geier

[Term?]

[edit]

According to Malið.is, this word is related to the Gothic word for sparrowhawk - gabilan.

Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)

[edit]

Based on the usage of this term in the modern Germanic languages, I strongly suspect that this, the most basic term for "hawk" originally referred to the goshawk and was only later generalised after many of the other designations for different species fell out of use in various languages.

*habukaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: heafoc
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon: havuk
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Hawek
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Hafk, Haawik
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian: hóófke
    • Old High German: habuch
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: haukr
    • Old East Norse: hǿkʀ
      • Old Swedish: hø̄ker
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian:
          North-Western Scanian: høːɡ (hög)
          South-Eastern Scanian: høːd̠ʲʑ (högj)
      • Old Danish:
    • Elfdalian: ok

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: ?
      • Middle High German: stosser
        • German: Stößer
        • Rhine Franconian: Stosse
          Pfalzisch: Stoßer

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian:

Buzzard (Buteo buteo)

[edit]

*tuskijô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]

*wanakaz

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: vákr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

Proto-Norse form borrowed as Latvian vanags, Latgalian vonogs, and Lithuanian vanagas.

Harrier (Circus pygargus; Circus cyaneus; Circus aeruginosus)

[edit]

*wīwô (oblique: *wiun-)

[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon: *wīwo
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: wīwo
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic: Wai
        • German: Weihe
        • Central Franconian:
          Luxembourgish: Wei
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Pennsylvania German: Woi
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

Kite (Milvus milvus; Milvus migrans)

[edit]

*gabil-

[edit]

Likely the same as the Gothic word for "sparrowhawk".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: góóvelrik

*puttukaz

[edit]

Diminutive of *puttô, see there for details.

*puttô

[edit]

A word with no clear etymology - Old English is the only branch that uses the simplex to refer to birds of prey, however, Dutch, Frisian, and Saxon have similar-looking words meaning "foot" or "leg", especially when referring to birds. These words are used in compounds in Dutch and West Frisian to refer to the buzzard. One wonders whether *putt- originally referred to the feet of the bird, a distinctive feature of raptors, and was only later in the English branch applied to the whole bird. Potentially borrowed from vulgar Latin *pauta, though, to me, the t ~ tt ablaut suggests Kluge's Law.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: putta
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German: pote (“leg, claw”)
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: *pota (“leg, claw”)
        • Middle Dutch: pôte (“leg, claw”)
          • Dutch: ruigpootbuizerd (“buzzard”) (potentially related?), poot (“foot, leg (of birds)”)
          • Limburgish: poeat (“leg, claw”)

*kūtijô

[edit]

Diminutive of more primary *kūts, see there for detail.

  • Proto-West Germanic:

*kūts

[edit]

An old primary formation, now only surviving in its original form in German, and in its diminutive form in English.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Northern Frisian:
        • Öömrang: kauts (probably borrowed from German)
    • Old High German: *kūz
      • Middle High German:

*glidô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: glida
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: glid
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: gleða
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: ɡlɒ̝̽ːɑ̞̽ (glaða)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Skåne: ɡlɛntɑ̞̽ ~ glæntɑ̞̽ (glänta)
        • Halland: glänta, gläna, glära
      • Old Danish: glænte

Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Borrowed as Ladin gabinel (“buzzard”)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

*sparwaarô

[edit]

Compound of *sparwaz (“sparrow”) and *arô (“eagle”).

Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos; Haliaeetus albicilla)

[edit]

*arô (oblique: *arn-)

[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“eagle”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: earn
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: aro
  • Proto-Norse:

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)

[edit]

Most languages show no sign of there being a primary word for "osprey", with the exception of the Norse branch. This is particularly confusing, given the commonality of ospreys around the North Sea coastline. Most languages make do with compounds translating to "fish-hawk" or "fish-eagle".

[Term?]

[edit]

*geudaz ~ *geuþaz

[edit]

Possibly related to the Norse words for "grebe".

[Term?]

[edit]

Apparently refers to the behaviour of raptors following armies in order to feast on the slain. Related to the verb *fanhaną. Also, to me, it seems strange to think of an osprey feasting on prey inland, as they are primarily fish-eaters and require large bodies of water to survive. Perhaps the original OE gloss meant to purely give an example of a raptor, not to refer specifically to ospreys. However, one wonders, if this was the case, why something like "accipiter" was not chosen to translate instead. Given than Swedish has an almost identical formation harfång, referring to the snowy owl and meaning "hare-catcher", one wonders whether "herefong" was perhaps instead a borrowing. England rarely plays host to snowy owls, so, instead, another large black and white raptor had the name applied to it.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: herefong (potentially an Old Norse borrowing)

Falconiformes

[edit]

Merlin (Falco columbarius)

[edit]

*smirilaz

[edit]

Falcon (Falco peregrinus; Falco rusticolus)

[edit]

*falkanaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

*falkô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)

[edit]

*puttilaz

[edit]

Clearly related to the words for "kite" in *putt-. See there for further details.

Charadriiformes

[edit]

Guillemot (Uria aalge; Cepphus grylle)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse: [Term?]
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: grissla
        • Westrobothnia: gryðsl
        • Gutnish: grylle
        • Skåne: grautla, grylla
        • Småland: gröttla
        • Götland: groutle, grautle

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Halunder: Skit
        Mooring: schüt
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: sğût (possible Frisian loanword)

*þaistô

[edit]

Auk (Alle alle)

[edit]

*alkǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: alk
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Skua

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Danish:

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

Gull

[edit]

*ku-

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *ku-
    • Old English: [Term?]
      • Middle English: [Term?]
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
    • Old Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
          • Zeelandic: gògge
          • West Flemish: kog, kok
          • Limburgish: keek

*maiwaz

[edit]
  • Old Saxon: [Term?]
    • Middle Low German: [Term?]
  • Frankish:
    • Old Dutch: [Term?]
  • Old High German: [Term?]
    • Middle High German: [Term?]
      • Central Franconian:
        Luxembourgish: Méiw
  • Old Norse: már

*maisô

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

*maikô

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

Tern

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse:

Kittiwake

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: rytr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Danish:

Puffin

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Scolopacidae

[edit]

Jacksnipe (Lymnocryptes minimus)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

*snīp-

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: [Term?]
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: snepfa
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
  • Proto-Norse: *snīp-

Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse: [Term?]
      • Old Danish:

Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola)

[edit]

*hrug-

[edit]

Comes from a root meaning "to rattle, snort".

Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: dryp (Torhamn, Östra Hd., Blekinge)

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata)

[edit]

*hwalpijǭ

[edit]

Reminds me of the word for "puppy" *hwelpaz. This word seems to be restricted to the North Sea coastline.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwalpijā
    • Old English: hwilpe
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
      • Western Frisian:
        West Frisian: wylp
        Amelands Frisian: wielp
        Texels Frisian: wullep
      • Eastern Frisian:
        Saterland Frisian: Wälp, Wilp
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Welpe
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian: wielp
            Gronings: wilp
            Eemsland: Wählup
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
        • Middle Dutch: [Term?]

Godwit (Limosa lapponica; Limosa limosa)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: gräitó (standard); griitó (eastern Ostfriesland)
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:

Redshank (Tringa totanus)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
      • North Frisian:
        Öömrang: Kleer (probably a Norse borrowing)
        Mooring: kliir (probably a Norse borrowing)
        Söl'ring: Kliiri (probably a Norse borrowing)
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: kliða
    • Old East Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            • Gronings: tjaark, tjerk (probably a Frisian loan)
            • East Frisian Low Saxon: tjārkelt (probably a Frisian loan)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: tolka (Sturkö, Östra Hd., Blekinge; Öland)

Greenshank (Tringa nebularia)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]

Haematopodidae

[edit]

Pied Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)

[edit]

*l-

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • Texels Frisian: lieuw(e)
        • West Frisian: liuw
        • Amelands Frisian: lieuw
        • Wieringen Frisian: lieuw
        • Vlielands Frisian: liuwert
      • North Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:

*teldaz

[edit]

*tildrijǭ

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Old Norse:

Recurvirostridae

[edit]

Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)

[edit]

*kl-

[edit]

Likely imitative of the bird's call.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
      • Middle Low German: [Term?]
        • West Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
        • Middle Dutch: [Term?]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse: [Term?]
      • Danish: klyde (according to Ordnet.dk, from Low Saxon klüte)

Black-Winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus)

[edit]

*stVltijǭ

[edit]

Charadriidae

[edit]

Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Probably related to the word for "to leap forward" *hlaupaną. Seems to be restricted to North Sea Germanic.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlVp-
    • Old English: lēpe, hlēap, lǣpe
    • Old Frisian: hlapa
      • West Frisian: ljip
      • North Frisian:
        Öömrang: liap
        Fering: liap
        Mooring: līp
        Wierdingharder: līp
        North Goesharder: līp
        South Goesharder: līp
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            Drèents: liep
            Stellingwarfs: lip
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: lēp

*k-

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Terschelling Frisian: kiewiet
      • Texels Frisian: kieviet
      • West Frisian: kivyt

*w-

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: viːbɑ̞̽ ~ viːvɑ̞̽ ~ viːbɛ (viba ~ viva ~ vibe)
      • Old Danish: wipæ

Eurasian Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: ljungvipa (Skåne) "heather-lapwing"
      • Old Danish:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

[Term?]

[edit]

Compound composed of "heath" + ending.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Danish:

Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:

Plover (Pluvialis apricaria; Charadrius hiaticula)

[edit]

*hul-

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            Gronings: wilster

*luhō

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: ló
    • Old East Norse:

Strigiformes

[edit]

Tytonidae

[edit]

Strigidae

[edit]

Owl

[edit]

*hūwô

[edit]

*ūfaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *ūf
    • Old English: ūf
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse: úfʀ
      • Old Swedish: ūver
        • Swedish: uv
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: ʏ̝ː (y)
    • Elfdalian: auv

*ūfǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German: ūvo
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: ʏ̝ːɛ ~ ʏ̝ːɑ̞̽ (ye ~ ya)

*uwwalǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: ūle
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • West Frisian: ûle
        • Texels Frisian: uul
      • North Frisian:
        Sol'ring: Üül
        Öömrang: Üül
        Halligen: ul
        Karrharder: ööl
        Nordgoesharder: ööl
        Halunder: ööl
        Moring: ööl
        Wiedingharder: ül
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
      • Middle Low German: [Term?]
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: ûul
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Plautdietsch: Ul
    • Frankish:
    • Old Dutch: [Term?]
      • Middle Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
        • German: Eule
        • Central Franconian:
          Luxembourgish: Eil
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: ugla
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: ʏ̝ːɡlɑ̞̽ (ygla)

Bucerotiformes

[edit]

Upupidae

[edit]

Hoopoe

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Cuculiformes

[edit]

Cuculidae

[edit]

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus)

[edit]

*gaukaz

[edit]

Cognate with Latvian dzeguze, Latgalian dzagiuze, Old Prussian geguse, and Lithuanian gegužė, all meaning "cuckoo".

  • Proto-West Germanic: *gauk
    • Old English: gēac
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon: *gōk
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: gouh
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: gaukr
    • Old East Norse: gǿkʀ
      • Old Swedish: gø̄ker
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian:
          North-Western Scanian: gjög (jøːɡ)
          South-Eastern Scanian: gjögj (jøːd̠ʲʑ)
      • Old Danish:
    • Westrobothnian: gǫuk

Gruiformes

[edit]

Gruidae

[edit]

Crane (Grus grus)

[edit]

*kranô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Kreone
            Ravensberger Mundart: Kreonen
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Krounn

*kranukaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Rallidae

[edit]

Coot (Fulica atra)

[edit]

*balik-

[edit]

Columbiformes

[edit]

Columbidae

[edit]

Dove (Columba livia; Columba oenas; Columba palumbus)

[edit]

*dūbǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • West Frisian: do
      • North Frisian:
        Sol'ring: Düf
        Fering: düüw
        Halligen: duw
        Karrharder: düw
        Nordgoesharder:
        Ockholm: düw
        Langenhorn: düf
        Öömrang: düüw
        Wiedingharder: düüw
  • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Diuwe, Dium, Diube
            Ravensberger Mundart: Diuwe, Diubm
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Duubm
            South Westphalian:
            Sauerland Mundart: Driuwe, Droibe, Dröube, Driiebe, Dröüwe, Druuwe, Droube
        • Middle Elbish: Dūwe
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: dôof, dûuv
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
        • German: Taube
        • Central Franconian:
          Ripuarian: Duuv
          Moselle Franconian: Douv
        • Alemannic: Tuube
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Hessian:
          Frankfurterisch: Daup
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: dúfa
    • Old East Norse: dúfa
      • Old Swedish: dūva
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: dʏ̝wːɑ̞̽ ~ duːɛ ~ duːɑ̞̽ ~ dʏ̝ːɑ̞̽ (dywwa ~ due ~ dua ~ dya)
      • Old Danish: dūfæ
    • Elfdalian: dauva
  • Gothic: *𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉 (*dubō)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Oornt
            Ravensberger Mundart: Ornt, Örne

Gaviiformes

[edit]

Gaviidae

[edit]

Loon

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Suliformes

[edit]

Phalacrocoracidae

[edit]

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo; Gulosus aristotelis)

[edit]

*skarbaz

[edit]

Sulidae

[edit]

Gannet (Morus bassanus)

[edit]

*ganatuz

[edit]

Podicipediformes

[edit]

Podicipedidae

[edit]

Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis; Podiceps grisegena; Podiceps cristatus; Podiceps auritus; Podiceps nigricollis)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: dʏ̝pːiŋː (dyppinng)

[Term?]

[edit]

Possibly related to the Norse term for "osprey".

Possibly borrowed as Jersey Norman gode (“shearwater”), gaude (“guillemot”), godîn (“razorbill”).

[Term?]

[edit]

Likely related to the names in -góði.

[Term?]

[edit]

Obscure, but fascinating. I have yet to locate this word in the other Frisian languages, or any Frisian substrates. However, this may be more down to lack of internet documentation than anything else.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • West Frisian: slynder
      • Texels Frisian: sliender

[Term?]

[edit]

A reference to the diving behaviour of grebes when feeding. In English, this term has been transferred to ducks, but likely originally referred to grebes, as in the rest of Germanic.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • West Frisian: dûker
        • Texels Frisian: duker
      • North Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Saxon:
          • North Saxon:
            Gronings: doeker
            East Frisian Low Saxon: dūker
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Diuker
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]

Literally means "arse-foot", due to the placement of the legs on grebes being far more posterior than other birds. This seems to be a Low Countries formation.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • Texels Frisian: füt
      • North Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: ērdfautje
          • Westphalian:
            West-Veluws: fuut
            Drèents: fute
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

Pelecaniformes

[edit]

Ardeidae

[edit]

Heron

[edit]

*hraigrô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            South Westphalian:
            Sauerlander Mundart: Reggerk, Reyerk, Raier, Regger
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
        • Middle Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
        • German: Reiher
        • Central Franconian:
          Luxembourgish: Räer
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]

Bittern

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: rāredumle
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: raitdump
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:

Ciconiiformes

[edit]

Ciconiidae

[edit]

Stork

[edit]

*ōdabor-

[edit]

*sturkaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stork
    • Old English: storc
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian: *stork
    • Old Saxon: *stork
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            Bentheim: Störk
            East Westphalian:
            Lippisch Mundart: Stork
            Ravensberger Mundart: Stuark
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Stooark
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: stürk
            Oldenburg: Sturk
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: storh
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:

Piciformes

[edit]

Picidae

[edit]

Woodpecker

[edit]

*spihtaz

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: boombikker (possibly a Frisian loan)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

References

[edit]
  • [1] - List of Birds Names in West Frisian
  • [2] - List of Bird Names in German Low Saxon
  • [3] - List of Bird Names in Faroese
  • [4] - List of Bird Names in Zeelandic
  • [5] - List of Bird Names in Luxembourgish
  • [6] - List of Bird Names in German
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