天皇
Chinese
[edit]day; sky; heaven | emperor; surname | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (天皇) |
天 | 皇 | |
anagram | 皇天 |
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is etymology of Chinese sense?”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tin1 wong4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thian-hông
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tianhuáng
- Wade–Giles: tʻien1-huang2
- Yale: tyān-hwáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianhwang
- Palladius: тяньхуан (tjanʹxuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tin1 wong4
- Yale: tīn wòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tin1 wong4
- Guangdong Romanization: tin1 wong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
- Homophones:
天王
天皇
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-hông
- Tâi-lô: thian-hông
- Phofsit Daibuun: tienhoong
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: then hwang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n] [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn ɡʷaːŋ/
Noun
[edit]天皇
- king of heaven; heavenly sovereign; (figurative) emperor
- emperor or empress (regnant) of Japan
Descendants
[edit]- → Japanese: 天皇 (tennō); 天皇 (tenkō)
- → Korean: 천황(天皇) (cheonhwang)
- → Vietnamese: thiên hoàng (天皇)
Further reading
[edit]- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“天皇” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
てん Grade: 1 |
おう > のう Grade: 6 |
goon |
/ten wau/ → /tenwɔː/ → /tenːɔː/ → /tenːoː/
From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”.
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese. The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
- (usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate
- Synonym: 天子 (tenshi)
- (by extension) a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise
Coordinate terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → English: tenno, Tenno, Tennou
- → English: God Emperor (calque)
- → German: Tenno, Tennou
- → Italian: tenno
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
てん Grade: 1 |
こう Grade: 6 |
kan'on |
/ten kʷau/ → /tenkʷɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/
From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]天皇 • (tenkō) ←てんくわう (tenkwau)?
- (usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate
- Synonym: 天子 (tenshi)
Proper noun
[edit]天皇 • (Tenkō) ←てんくわう (tenkwau)?
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すべらぎ | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
皇 |
/sumeraɡi/ → /suberaɡi/
Shift from sumeragi below, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/.
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すめらぎ | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
皇 |
⟨sume1ro2ki1⟩ → */sumʲerəkʲi/ → */sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/
Possibly a shift from Old Japanese 天皇 (sume1ro2ki1).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Derived terms
[edit]- 皇 (Sumeragi)
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すめらぎみ | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “lord, master → sovereign”). The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]天皇 • (sumeragimi)
- (honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すめらみこと | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
皇尊 |
From Old Japanese.
From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mikoto, “Highness”).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]天皇 • (sumeramikoto)
- (honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
- 始馭天下之天皇
- Hatsu Kunishirasu Sumeramikoto
- the First Founding Emperor
- 始馭天下之天皇
Derived terms
[edit]- 大倭根子天皇 (Ōyamatoneko no Sumeramikoto)
See also
[edit]- 園遊会 (en'yū-kai, “garden party”, (hosted by the emperor))
- 皇后 (kōgō, “Empress of Japan”)
- 皇室 (kōshitsu, “imperial court, imperial household”)
- 皇太子 (kōtaishi, “Prince”)
- 皇太子妃 (kōtaishihi, “Princess”)
- 親王 (shinnō, “Imperial Prince of Japan”)
- 殿下 (Denka, “Your/His/Her Highness”)
- 内親王 (naishinnō, “Princess of Japan”)
- 妃殿下 (hidenka, “Princess”)
- 宮家 (miyake, “the Prince’s family”)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Anagrams
[edit]- 皇天 (kōten)
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
Noun
[edit]天皇 • (cheonhwang) (hangeul 천황)
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Possibly from 皇 (sume1ro2-, apophonic form of sume1ra-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (ki1mi1, “lord, master → sovereign”), with the final mi1 dropping due to poetic reasons.
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).
Noun
[edit]天皇 (sume1ro2ki1) (kana すめろき)
- (honorific) a sovereign who governs a region
- (by extension, honorific) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
- (by extension) the imperial lineage or family line
- the Emperor's reign
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 天皇 (sumeragi, suberagi)
Etymology 2
[edit]From 皇 (sume1ra-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mi1ko2to2, “Highness”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]天皇 (sume1rami1ko2to2) (kana すめらみこと)
- (honorific) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Derived terms
[edit]- 太上天皇 (opoki1-sume1rami1ko2to2)
- 大倭根子天皇 (Opoyamato2neko1 no2 Sume1rami1ko2to2)
- 神日本磐余彦天皇 (Kamuyamato2 Iparepi1ko1 no Sume1rami1ko2to2, “a name of Emperor Jimmu”)
- 始馭天下之天皇 (Patukunisirasu Sume1rami1ko2to2, “another name of Emperor Jimmu”)
- 御肇國天皇 (Patukunisirasu Sume1rami1ko2to2, “a name of Emperor Sujin”)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]- 大君 (opoki1mi)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
Noun
[edit]天皇
- chữ Hán form of thiên hoàng (“Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”).
- Cantonese terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 天
- Chinese terms spelled with 皇
- zh:Heads of state
- zh:Japan
- Japanese terms spelled with 天 read as てん
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as おう
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with renjō
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as こう
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese proper nouns
- ja:Chinese mythology
- Japanese terms spelled with 天
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese honorific terms
- Japanese terms prefixed with 皇
- Japanese terms with rendaku
- ja:Heads of state
- ja:Japanese politics
- ja:Monarchy
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Old Japanese terms prefixed with 皇
- Old Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Old Japanese orthographic borrowings from Middle Chinese
- Old Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese nouns
- Old Japanese honorific terms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán