復
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]復 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人日水 (HOOAE), four-corner 28247, composition ⿰彳复)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 369, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10183
- Dae Jaweon: page 695, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 834, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5FA9
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 復 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 复* | |
alternative forms | 伏 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 復 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *buɡs, *buɡ) : semantic 彳 (“walk”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “repeat”).
Walk back and forth.
Etymology
[edit]Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-p(j)up, whence Tibetan འབུབ་པ ('bub pa, “turned over or upside down”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *pup (“to turn over; to search for”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).
Within Chinese, cognate with 複 (OC *puɡ, “lined (garment); double”), 覆 (OC *pʰuɡs, “to cover”), 覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): hŭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): hók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8voq; 7foq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fù
- Wade–Giles: fu4
- Yale: fù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fuk6
- Yale: fuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: fuk9
- Guangdong Romanization: fug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: fug
- Hagfa Pinyim: fug6
- Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hók
- Sinological IPA (key): /houʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: bjuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-p(r)uk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*buɡ/
Definitions
[edit]復
- to return
- to recover; to resume
- to revenge; to avenge
- to reply
- alt. forms: 覆 (fù)
- 24th hexagram of the I Ching
Compounds
[edit]- 三復白圭/三复白圭
- 來復/来复 (láifù)
- 來復日/来复日
- 來復槍/来复枪 (láifùqiāng)
- 來復線/来复线 (láifùxiàn)
- 修復/修复 (xiūfù)
- 光復/光复 (guāngfù)
- 光復會/光复会
- 光復節/光复节 (Guāngfùjié)
- 光復舊京/光复旧京
- 光復舊物/光复旧物 (guāngfùjiùwù)
- 克己復禮/克己复礼 (kèjǐfùlǐ)
- 克復/克复 (kèfù)
- 凱復/凯复
- 剝極必復/剥极必复
- 劬勞顧復/劬劳顾复
- 匡復/匡复 (kuāngfù)
- 反復/反复 (fǎnfù)
- 反復不常/反复不常
- 反復無常/反复无常 (fǎnfùwúcháng)
- 反清復明/反清复明 (fǎnqīngfùmíng)
- 反陰復陰/反阴复阴
- 句踐復國/句践复国
- 回復/回复 (huífù)
- 回復青春/回复青春
- 回爐復帳/回炉复帐
- 報復/报复 (bàofù)
- 報復主義/报复主义 (bàofù zhǔyì)
- 報復關稅/报复关税
- 奉復/奉复
- 平復/平复 (píngfù)
- 平復帖/平复帖
- 康復/康复 (kāngfù)
- 康復醫學/康复医学
- 往復/往复 (wǎngfù)
- 復三/复三
- 復交/复交
- 復仇/复仇 (fùchóu)
- 復仇雪恥/复仇雪耻
- 復任/复任
- 復位/复位 (fùwèi)
- 復信/复信 (fùxìn)
- 復健/复健 (fùjiàn)
- 復健中心/复健中心
- 復健醫學/复健医学
- 復元/复元 (fùyuán)
- 復冰/复冰
- 復出/复出 (fùchū)
- 復刊/复刊 (fùkān)
- 復勢/复势 (Fùshì)
- 復卒/复卒
- 復原/复原 (fùyuán)
- 復古/复古 (fùgǔ)
- 復命/复命 (fùmìng)
- 復員/复员 (fùyuán)
- 復回/复回 (fùhuí)
- 復國/复国 (fùguó)
- 復圓/复圆 (fùyuán)
- 復土/复土
- 復姓/复姓 (fùxìng)
- 復婚/复婚 (fùhūn)
- 復子明辟
- 復學/复学 (fùxué)
- 復工/复工 (fùgōng)
- 復建/复建 (Fùjiàn)
- 復役/复役
- 復思/复思
- 復政/复政
- 復新/复新
- 復旦/复旦
- 復明/复明 (fùmíng)
- 復書/复书
- 復案/复案
- 復業/复业
- 復權/复权
- 復氧能力/复氧能力
- 復源/复源 (Fùyuán)
- 復盛/复盛 (Fùshèng)
- 復禮/复礼
- 復禮克己/复礼克己
- 復籍/复籍
- 復習/复习 (fùxí)
- 復聖/复圣
- 復職/复职 (fùzhí)
- 復舊/复旧
- 復舊如新/复旧如新
- 復蘇/复苏 (fùsū)
- 復讀/复读 (fùdú)
- 復讎/复雠 (fùchóu)
- 復蹈其轍/复蹈其辙
- 復蹈前轍/复蹈前辙
- 復身/复身
- 復辟 (fùbì)
- 復道/复道
- 復除/复除
- 復音/复音
- 復魄/复魄
- 恢復/恢复 (huīfù)
- 恢復室/恢复室
- 招復/招复
- 撲復/扑复
- 收復/收复 (shōufù)
- 故態復萌/故态复萌 (gùtàifùméng)
- 文復會/文复会
- 無復孑遺/无复孑遗
- 聊復備數/聊复备数
- 聊復爾爾/聊复尔尔
- 聊復爾耳/聊复尔耳
- 興復不淺/兴复不浅
- 規復/规复 (guīfù)
- 賜復/赐复
- 起復/起复
- 辨復/辨复
- 返吟復吟/返吟复吟
- 開復/开复 (kāifù)
- 雖覆能復/虽覆能复
- 顧復之恩/顾复之恩
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk6 / fau6
- Eastern Min (BUC): bô
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fù
- Wade–Giles: fu4
- Yale: fù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fòu
- Wade–Giles: fou4
- Yale: fòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fow
- Palladius: фоу (fou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /foʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fuk6 / fau6
- Yale: fuhk / fauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: fuk9 / fau6
- Guangdong Romanization: fug6 / feo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊk̚²/, /fɐu̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: fau6 - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bô
- Sinological IPA (key): /pou²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: bjuwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N]-pruk-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*buɡs/
Definitions
[edit]復
- (literary or Eastern Min) again
- 復發/复发 ― fùfā ― to relapse; to recur
- 死灰復燃/死灰复燃 ― sǐhuīfùrán ― to resurge (literally, “dead embers relight”)
- 雨逿一匝復逿一匝 [Eastern Min, trad.]
- From: 2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 890
- huô dâung siŏh cák bô dâung siŏh cák / [huɔ²⁴² tɑuŋ²⁴² suoʔ⁵ t͡sɑʔ²⁴ pou²⁴² tɑuŋ²⁴² suoʔ⁵ t͡sɑʔ²⁴] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
- It rains again and again
雨𰺲一匝复𰺲一匝 [Eastern Min, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 又 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 又 |
Taiwan | 又 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 又 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 又 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 又 |
Wuhan | 又 | |
Guilin | 又 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 又 |
Hefei | 又 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 又, 又試 |
Hong Kong | 又, 又試 | |
Yangjiang | 又 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 又 |
Hakka | Meixian | 又 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 又 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 又, 已 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 復 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 |
Quanzhou | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 | |
Zhangzhou | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 | |
Taipei | 閣 GT, 閣再 GT, 又閣 GT | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再, 又閣 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再 | |
Chaozhou | 又, 又再 | |
Shantou | 又 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 再, 又 |
Suzhou | 亦 | |
Wenzhou | 亦 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 又 |
Shuangfeng | 又 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Compounds
[edit]- 一元復始/一元复始 (yīyuánfùshǐ)
- 三復/三复
- 三復斯言/三复斯言
- 三番四復/三番四复
- 不復/不复 (bùfù)
- 仍復/仍复
- 周而復始/周而复始 (zhōu'érfùshǐ)
- 失而復得/失而复得 (shī'érfùdé)
- 年復一年/年复一年 (niánfùyīnián)
- 得而復失/得而复失 (dé'érfùshī)
- 復次/复次 (fùcì)
- 復活/复活 (fùhuó)
- 復活節/复活节 (Fùhuójié)
- 復生/复生 (fùshēng)
- 復甦/复苏 (fùsū)
- 復甦期/复苏期
- 復發/复发 (fùfā)
- 復興/复兴 (fùxīng)
- 復興基地/复兴基地
- 復興崗/复兴岗
- 復醒/复醒
- 敗部復活/败部复活
- 文藝復興/文艺复兴 (Wényì Fùxīng)
- 日復一日/日复一日 (rìfùyīrì)
- 更復/更复
- 死灰復然/死灰复然
- 死灰復燎/死灰复燎
- 死灰復燃/死灰复燃 (sǐhuīfùrán)
- 死而復生/死而复生 (sǐ'ér fùshēng)
- 死而復甦/死而复苏
- 無以復加/无以复加 (wúyǐfùjiā)
- 萬劫不復/万劫不复 (wànjiébùfù)
- 終而復始/终而复始
- 舊念復萌/旧念复萌
- 舊態復萌/旧态复萌
- 舊疾復發/旧疾复发
- 舍我復誰/舍我复谁
- 行復/行复
- 餘燼復然/余烬复然
- 髀肉復生/髀肉复生 (bìròufùshēng)
References
[edit]- “復”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]復
Readings
[edit]Definitions
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
復 |
また Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 復 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 復, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bjuwk).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뽁〮 (Yale: ppwók) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 도로 (Yale: twolwo) | 복 (Yale: pwok) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [po̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [복]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bjuwH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뿌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ppwúw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 다시 (Yale: tasi) | 부 (Yale: pwu) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [부(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]復: Hán Nôm readings: phục, phức, Phục
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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