君

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Template:character info/new

Translingual

Han character

君 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸大口 (SKR), four-corner 17607, composition ⿸尹口)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3323
  • Dae Jaweon: page 394, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 595, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+541B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 君
alternative forms 𠺞
𠁈
𠱰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 君
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涒 *l̥ʰuːn
麏 *krun
莙 *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑 *kʰrun
蜠 *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
峮 *kʰrun
窘 *ɡrunʔ
僒 *ɡrunʔ
君 *klun
桾 *klun
宭 *klun, *ɡlun
鮶 *klun
捃 *kluns
群 *ɡlun
羣 *ɡlun
裙 *ɡlun
裠 *ɡlun
帬 *ɡlun
焄 *qʰlun
郡 *ɡluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klun) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “(hand holding a rod) to administer”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). In the oracle bones and early Zhou bronze inscriptions, 君 (jūn) was often interchanged with 尹. Shuowen suggests that 口 represents commands, but it may simply be decorative.

Etymology

“lord; prince”
Unknown. Here are several possibilities:
ACG sense
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君 (-kun).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 君
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕyn⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕyẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕyə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕyẽ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕyə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕỹn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyn³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕyŋ⁵³/
/t͡ɕioŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡ɕyən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕyan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyn³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕyn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕyn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐn⁵³/
Nanning /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kin²³/
/kun²³/
Rime
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舉云切
Baxter kjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨun/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiun/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kun/
Li
Rong 		/kiuən/
Wang
Li 		/kĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jūn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjun ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qur/
English lord; ruler

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
No. 7289
Phonetic
component 		君
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		君
Old
Chinese 		/*klun/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 君

  1. sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord
  2. (historical) A honorific title: lord
  3. (literary, honorific) you; your (referring to a male)
  4. A polite form of address used among couples.
  5. to dominate; to reign
  6. (ACG, Internet slang) -kun
  7. (ACG, Internet slang) Affectionate name suffix.
    字幕君  ―  zìmùjūn  ―  fansubber
  8. a surname

Related terms

  • (ACG) 桑 (sāng, “-san”), 醬／酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 樣／样 (yàng, “-sama”)

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (君):
  • → Japanese: 君(くん) (kun)
  • → Korean: 군(君) (gun)
  • → Vietnamese: quân (君)

Japanese

Kanji

君

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. king, lord, ruler
  2. person of high rank
  3. form of address to fellow colleagues or inferiors

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
君
きみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

⟨ki1mi1⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Noun

君(きみ) • (kimi) 

  1. a ruler of a country
    1. an emperor
      Synonyms: 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)
    2. a lord
    Antonym: 臣 (omi)
  2. a master
    Synonyms: 主君 (shukun), 主人 (shujin)
  3. a nobleman or other person of high(er) rank
  4. (after a が (ga) or の (no) particle) term of respect to another person
  5. (historical, archaic) a prostitute
  6. (historical) one of the hereditary titles bestowed to local chiefs in ancient Japan
Derived terms

Pronoun

君(きみ) or 君(キミ) • (kimi) 

  1. (informal, chiefly men's speech) second-person personal pronoun: you (romantic)
    • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)
      君(きみ)がため惜(を)しからざりし命(いのち)さへ長(なが)くもがなと思(おも)ひけるかな
      kimi ga tama oshikarazarishi inochi sae nagaku mogana to omoikeru kana
      I thought I would give up my life to hold you in my arms, but after a night together, I find myself wishing that I could live for ever.[1]
    • 2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート)１(いち)　雨(あめ)のち… [PART1 After the Rain…]”, in SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ) (SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ)) [SALAD DAYS], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:
      俺(おれ)は別(べつ)にいいけど…キミ、学(がっ)校(こう)で「知(し)らない人(ひと)について行(い)っちゃダメ」とか、教(おそ)わんなかった？
      Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?
      Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?
    • 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) (武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      来(く)るぞ　カズキ！手(て)を放(はな)すな！キミと私(わたし)は一(いっ)心(しん)同(どう)体(たい)　キミが死(し)ぬ時(とき)が私(わたし)が死(し)ぬ時(とき)だ！
      Kuru zo Kazuki! Te o hanasu na! Kimi to watashi wa isshin dōtai Kimi ga shinu toki ga watashi ga shinu toki da!
      Incoming, Kazuki! Don’t let go! You and me, together as one. When you die, I die!
Usage notes
  • Template:U:ja:informal
  • When used in lyrics and poetry, this word is considered less colloquial and more poetic than in spoken language.

Suffix

君(ぎみ) or 君(suffix) • (gimi or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|きみ']]

  1. indicates respect
    父(ちち)君(ぎみ)
    chichi-gimi
    your father
Usage notes
  • There is no direct translation in English – as with other Japanese honorifics, it might roughly correspond to dear, as in “your dear father”.
  • Respectful suffixes also serve to indicate whose relative is in question: rather than “my father” and “your father”, one would say 父 (chichi, “father”) and 父君 (chichi-gimi, “dear father”).
  • Used of nobles. Attaches to close family relationship nouns such as 母 (haha, “mother”), 姉 (ane, “sister”), 姫 (hime, “daughter of a noble family, princess”).
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
君
くん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kjun).

Suffix

君(くん) • (-kun) 

  1. suffix for boys' names
  2. indicates respect
  3. indicates familiarity
Usage notes

-kun is often used as a suffix when calling someone. The listener is lower or the same level in social position and is often, but not always, male.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
君
きんじ
Grade: 3

/kimud͡ʑi/ → /kind͡ʑi/

Shift from older きむぢ (kimudi → kimuji). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronoun

君(きんじ) • (kinji) ←きんぢ (kindi)?

  1. second person personal pronoun: you
    • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
      (Fukiage, ge)[2]
      きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。
    • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
      (Kurabiraki, jō)[3]
      「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」
    • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
      (Kuniyuzuri, jō)[4]
      喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」

See also

References

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  2. ^ Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.
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Korean

Hanja

君 (eumhun 임금 군 (imgeum gun))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

君: Hán Nôm readings: quân, vua

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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