露

Translingual

Han character

露 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+13, 21 strokes, cangjie input 一月口一口 (MBRMR), four-corner 1016₄, composition ⿱⻗路)

See also

• 霧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1378, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42463
• Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4078, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9732

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Chinese

trad.		露
simp. #		露

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 露
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡs) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs).

Etymology 1

Possibly a derivative of 落 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007) with exopassivising suffix *-s, literally, "what has been dropped".

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 露

1. dew
2. fruity beverage; syrup; nectar; juice
3. cosmetic products made by distilling flowers, fruit or leaves
4. a surname

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 露

1. to be in the open; bare; open; exposed
2. (colloquial) to show; to reveal; to expose

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

露

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: る (ru)
• Kan-on: ろ (ro, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: つゆ (tsuyu, 露, Jōyō); あらわす (arawasu, 露す)^{←あらはす (arafasu, 露す, historical)}; あらわれる (arawareru, 露れる)^{←あらはれる (arafareru, 露れる, historical)}
• Nanori: あきら (akira)

Compounds

• 披(ひ)露(ろう) (hirō)
• 露西亜(ロシア) (Roshia)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
露
つゆ Grade: S
kun'yomi

露 (tsuyu): a droplet of dew on a leaf.

⟨tuyu⟩ → /t͡suju/

From Old Japanese.

Noun

露(つゆ) • (tsuyu) 

1. a dew, dewdrop
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 30:

     露　三禮義宗云：「白露八月節、寒露九月節。」音路。白虎通云：「甘露美露也。降則物無不美盛矣。」［和名：豆由］

     Dew - according to Mitsumata no Yoshimune: the hakuro is a solar term in the eighth lunar month, the kanro the ninth. The syllable has the same sound as 路 (ro). The Bai Hu Tong reads: amrita (sweet dew) is a beautiful dew. After descending, there are none that are not beautiful or abundant. (Japanese name: tsuyu)

2. (by extension) a drop or drops of something
3. transience
4. (historical) the threads of the sleeve ends of 狩衣 (kariginu), 水干 (suikan), etc.
5. tears
6. a gratuity, tip
7. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 豆板銀 (mameitagin) a lump of silver used as currency in the Edo period

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 汁(つゆ), 液(つゆ) (tsuyu, “soup; sauce”)
• 朝露(あさつゆ) (asatsuyu)
• 雨露(あめつゆ) (ametsuyu)
• 下露(したつゆ) (shitatsuyu)
• 白露(しらつゆ) (shiratsuyu)
• 夜(よ)露(つゆ) (yotsuyu)

Adverb

露(つゆ) • (tsuyu) 

1. not one bit
2. a few, a little

Derived terms

• 露程(つゆほど)も (tsuyuhodo mo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
露
あらわ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
顕

⟨arapa⟩ → /araɸa/ → /arawa/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with prefix 粗 (ara-, “crude, raw”).

Adjectival noun

露(あらわ) • (arawa) ^{←あらは (arafa)?}-na (adnominal 露(あらわ)な (arawa na), adverbial 露(あらわ)に (arawa ni))

1. naked, bare

   不(ふ)満(まん)をあらわにする

   fuman o arawa ni suru

   to expose/lay bare one's discontent

2. blatant, frank, open
3. made public
4. obvious

Inflection

Inflection of 露

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	露だろ	あらわだろ	arawa daro
Continuative (連用形)	露で	あらわで	arawa de
Terminal (終止形)	露だ	あらわだ	arawa da
Attributive (連体形)	露な	あらわな	arawa na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	露なら	あらわなら	arawa nara
Imperative (命令形)	露であれ	あらわであれ	arawa de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	露ではない 露じゃない	あらわではない あらわじゃない	arawa de wa nai arawa ja nai
Informal past	露だった	あらわだった	arawa datta
Informal negative past	露ではなかった 露じゃなかった	あらわではなかった あらわじゃなかった	arawa de wa nakatta arawa ja nakatta
Formal	露です	あらわです	arawa desu
Formal negative	露ではありません 露じゃありません	あらわではありません あらわじゃありません	arawa de wa arimasen arawa ja arimasen
Formal past	露でした	あらわでした	arawa deshita
Formal negative past	露ではありませんでした 露じゃありませんでした	あらわではありませんでした あらわじゃありませんでした	arawa de wa arimasen deshita arawa ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	露で	あらわで	arawa de
Conditional	露なら（ば）	あらわなら（ば）	arawa nara (ba)
Provisional	露だったら	あらわだったら	arawa dattara
Volitional	露だろう	あらわだろう	arawa darō
Adverbial	露に	あらわに	arawa ni
Degree	露さ	あらわさ	arawasa

Classical conjugation of "露なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	露なら	あらはなら	arafanara
Continuative (連用形)	露に[1] 露なり[2]	あらはに あらはなり	arafani arafanari
Terminal (終止形)	露なり	あらはなり	arafanari
Attributive (連体形)	露なる	あらはなる	arafanaru
Realis (已然形)	露なれ	あらはなれ	arafanare
Imperative (命令形)	露なれ	あらはなれ	arafanare
Key constructions
Negative	露ならず	あらはならず	arafanarazu
Contrasting conjunction	露なれど	あらはなれど	arafanaredo
Causal conjunction	露なれば	あらはなれば	arafanareba
Conditional conjunction	露ならば	あらはならば	arafanaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	露なりき	あらはなりき	arafanariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	露なりけり	あらはなりけり	arafanarikeri
Adverbial	露に	あらはに	arafani
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb.

Derived terms

• 表(あらわ)す (arawasu)
• 現(あらわ)れる (arawareru)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
露
ろ Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 露 (MC luH).

The Russia sense is a shortening of the ateji (当て字) spelling 露西亜 (Roshia).

Affix

露(ろ) • (ro) 

1. dew, waterdrop
2. transience
3. appear, expose
4. open; in the open

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 露(ろ)営(えい) (roei)
• 露(ろ)岩(がん) (rogan)
• 露(ろ)見(けん), 露(ろ)顕(けん) (roken)
• 露(ろ)骨(こつ) (rokotsu)
• 露地(ろじ) (roji)
• 露(ろ)場(じょう) (rojō)
• 露(ろ)出(しゅつ) (roshutsu)
• 露(ろ)呈(てい) (rotei)
• 露(ろ)天(てん) (roten)
• 露(ろ)店(てん) (roten)
• 露(ろ)仏(ぶつ) (robutsu)
• 露(ろ)命(めい) (romei)
• 暴(ばく)露(ろ), 曝(ばく)露(ろ) (bakuro)
• 雨露(うろ) (uro)
• 悪露(おろ) (oro)
• 甘(かん)露(ろ) (kanro)
• 寒(かん)露(ろ) (kanro)
• 玉(ぎょく)露(ろ) (gyokuro)
• 結(けつ)露(ろ) (ketsuro)
• 顕(けん)露(ろ) (kenro)
• 草(そう)露(ろ) (sōro)
• 霜(そう)露(ろ) (sōro)
• 朝(ちょう)露(ろ) (chōro)
• 吐露(とろ) (toro)
• 白(はく)露(ろ) (hakuro)
• 発(はつ)露(ろ) (hatsuro)
• 発(ほつ)露(ろ) (hotsuro)
• 流(りゅう)露(ろ) (ryūro)

Proper noun

露(ろ) • (ro) 

1. Short for ロシア (Roshia): Russia, Russian

   米露関係(べいろかんけい)

   Bei-Ro kankei

   US-Russia relations

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 露(ろ)文(ぶん) (robun)
• 露里(ろり) (rori)
• 露和(ろわ) (Ro-Wa)
• 欧(おう)露(ろ) (Ōro)
• 日(にち)露(ろ) (Nichi-Ro)
• 和露(わろ) (Wa-Ro)

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Korean

Hanja

露 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)

1. Alternative refers to Russia in news media

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Okinawan

Kanji

露

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): る (ru); るー (rū)
• Kun: ちゆ (chiyu, 露)

Compounds

• 寒(かん)露(る) (kanru)
• 白(はく)露(る) (hakuru), 白(ふぁく)露(る) (fakuru)
• 披露(ふぃるー) (firū)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
露
ちゆ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 露 (tsuyu).

Pronunciation

• ちゆ [chìyú] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiju]

Noun

露(ちゆ) (chiyu) 

1. a dew, dewdrop

Derived terms

• 夜(ゆ)露(ちゆ) (yuchiyu)

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Old Japanese

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

露 (tuyu) (kana つゆ)

1. a dew, dewdrop
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4318:
     , text here

     安伎能野爾都由於弊流波疑乎多乎良受弖安多良佐可里乎須具之弖牟登香

     aki₁ no₂ no₁ ni tuyu ope₁ru pagi₂ wo taworazute atara sakawi wo sugusitemu₂ to ka

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

• Japanese: 露 (tsuyu)

Etymology 2

Cognate with prefix 粗 (ara-, “crude, raw”).

Adjective

露 (arapa) (kana あらは)

1. naked, bare
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, Age of the gods, part 2:

     顯露、此云阿羅播弐。齋庭、此云踰弐波。

     Bare, read as arapa ni (modern arawa ni); holy ground, read as yunipa (modern yuniwa)

Derived terms

• 表す (arapasu)
• 現る (araparu)
• 現ろ (araparo₁, Eastern Old Japanese form of araparu)

Descendants

• Japanese: 露, 顕 (arawa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 露 (lộ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.