快

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 怏
快 U+5FEB, 快
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FEB
← 忪
[U+5FEA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忬 →
[U+5FEC]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character[edit]

快 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 心木大 (PDK), four-corner 95030, composition ⿰忄夬)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 377, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10369
  • Dae Jaweon: page 705, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2278, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5FEB

Chinese[edit]

trad. 快
simp. # 快

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (夬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袂 *mɡʷeds
夬 *kʷraːds
快 *kʰʷraːds
駃 *kʰʷraːds, *kʷeːd
筷 *kʰʷraːds
炔 *kʷeːds
觖 *kʰʷeds, *kʷeːd
缺 *kʰʷed, *kʰʷeːd
蒛 *kʰʷed
吷 *qʰʷed
妜 *qʷed, *qʷeːd
決 *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd
訣 *kʷeːd
抉 *kʷeːd, *qʷeːd
玦 *kʷeːd
芵 *kʷeːd
赽 *kʷeːd
鴂 *kʷeːd
鈌 *kʷeːd
决 *kʷeːd
疦 *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd
蚗 *kʷeːd
趹 *kʷeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰʷraːds): semantic 忄 + phonetic 夬 (OC *kʷraːds).

Etymology[edit]

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007). Compare with Burmese ခုပ် (hkup) in Burmese လျင်ခုပ် (lyanghkup, “quickly; hurriedly”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ká̤ - vernacular;
  • kuái - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • khoài - literary;
    • khùiⁿ/khòaⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 快活);
    • khòe - vernacular (limited, e.g. 快便).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 快
    Mandarin Beijing /kʰuai⁵¹/
    Harbin /kʰuai⁵³/
    Tianjin /kʰuai⁵³/
    Jinan /kʰuɛ²¹/
    Qingdao /kʰuɛ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /kʰuai³¹²/
    Xi'an /kʰuai⁴⁴/
    Xining /kʰuɛ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /kʰuɛ¹³/
    Lanzhou /kʰuɛ¹³/
    Ürümqi /kʰuai²¹³/
    Wuhan /kʰuai³⁵/
    Chengdu /kʰuai¹³/
    Guiyang /kʰuai²¹³/
    Kunming /kʰuæ²¹²/
    Nanjing /kʰuae⁴⁴/
    Hefei /kʰue̞⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /kʰuai⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /kʰuæ³⁵/
    Hohhot /kʰuɛ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /kʰua³⁵/
    Suzhou /kʰuɑ⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /kʰue̞⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /kʰa⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /kʰua³²⁴/
    Tunxi /kʰua⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /kʰuai⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /kʰuai⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /kʰuai²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰuai⁵³/
    Taoyuan /kʰuɑi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fai³³/
    Nanning /fai³³/
    /wai³³/
    Hong Kong /fai³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰuai²¹/
    /kʰue²¹/
    /kʰui²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰuɑi²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰuɛ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰuai²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xuai³⁵/
    /xɔi³⁵/
    /xue³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 快
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 夬 (30)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 苦夬切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰˠuaiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰʷᵚaiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰuaiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰwaɨjsH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰuaiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰwæiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰwaiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		kuài
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faai3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 快
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		kuài
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khwæjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ʷʰˁret-s/
    English cheerful

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 快
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4407
    Phonetic
    component         		夬
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		快
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰʷraːds/

    Definitions[edit]

    快

    1. pleased; happy
      Synonym: 樂／乐 (lè)
      快感  ―  kuàigǎn  ―  pleasure
      大快人心  ―  dàkuàirénxīn  ―  to the great satisfaction of the people
    2. forthright; plainspoken
      心直口快  ―  xīnzhíkǒukuài  ―  frank and outspoken
    3. rapid; quick; speedy; fast
      Synonym: 速 (sù)
      師傅，能不能再開快一點？ [MSC, trad.]
      师傅，能不能再开快一点？ [MSC, simp.]
      Shīfu, néng bùnéng zài kāi kuài yī diǎn? [Pinyin]
      Sir, can you please go faster?
      快啲啦！ [Cantonese]  ―  faai3 di1 laa1! [Jyutping]  ―  Hurry up!
    4. (of knives, scissors, axes, etc.) sharp; sharp-edged
      Synonym: 鈍／钝 (dùn)
      把刀磨快  ―  bǎ dāo mó kuài  ―  to sharpen the knife
    5. keen; quick-witted
      反應快／反应快  ―  fǎnyìng kuài  ―  quick in response
      腦子快／脑子快  ―  nǎozǐ kuài  ―  quick-witted
    6. quickly; hurriedly
      快來幫忙！／快来帮忙！  ―  Kuài lái bāngmáng!  ―  Come and help quickly!
    7. to be about to; almost
      我快到了。  ―  Wǒ kuài dào le.  ―  I am about to arrive.
      快八點了。／快八点了。  ―  Kuài bādiǎn le.  ―  It's almost 8.
    8. (dated Shanghainese Wu) Used to indicate the near future tense.
      落下來快哉。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
      落下来快哉。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2010, Qian Nairong, 《從〈滬語便商〉所見的老上海話時態》 (Tenses and Aspects? Old Shanghainese as Found in the Book Huyu Bian Shang)
      It's about to fall down.

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (quick):
    edit
    Synonyms of 快
    Dialectal synonyms of 快 (“fast; quick; speedy”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 疾
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 快, 快速, 迅速
    Mandarin Beijing 快
    Taiwan 快
    Harbin 快騰
    Jinan 快
    Wanrong 快
    Xi'an 快
    Wuhan 快
    Chengdu 快, 快當, 快性
    Guiyang 快, 快當
    Guilin 快
    Yangzhou 快, 𢜶
    Nanjing 快, 𢜶
    Hefei 快, 𢜶
    Malaysia 快
    Singapore 快
    Cantonese Guangzhou 快, 快脆
    Hong Kong 快, 快脆
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 快
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 快
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 快
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 快
    Taishan 快, 快脆
    Dongguan 快脆
    Qingyuan 快
    Yangjiang 快
    Danzhou 快
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 快
    Penang (Guangfu) 快
    Singapore (Guangfu) 快
    Gan Nanchang 快
    Lichuan 快
    Pingxiang 快
    Hakka Meixian 遽, 快
    Xingning 遽
    Huidong (Daling) 遽, 快
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 䟐
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 急
    Pinghe (Jiufeng) 緊
    Changting 䟐
    Wuping 䟐
    Wuping (Pingyu) 遽, 䟐
    Ninghua 䟐
    Yudu 快
    Ruijin 遽
    Shicheng 快, 䟐
    Shangyou (Shexi) 快
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 遽
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 遽
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 遽
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 遽, 拚
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 遽
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 緊
    Hong Kong 快
    Senai (Huiyang) 遽
    Kuching (Hepo) 猛
    Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 猛
    Singkawang 猛
    Huizhou Jixi 快
    Jin Taiyuan 快
    Min Bei Jian'ou 快
    Songxi 快
    Jianyang 快
    Min Dong Fuzhou 快, 猛
    Gutian 快
    Ningde 快
    Zhouning 快
    Fuding 快
    Min Nan Xiamen 緊
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 緊
    Quanzhou 緊
    Jinjiang 緊
    Anxi 緊
    Yongchun 緊
    Zhangzhou 猛, 緊
    Zhao'an 猛, 兇
    Taipei 緊
    Kaohsiung 緊
    Tainan 緊
    Penang (Hokkien) 緊, 猛, 快
    Singapore (Hokkien) 緊
    Manila (Hokkien) 緊
    Longyan 快
    Datian 緊
    Chaozhou 猛
    Shantou 猛
    Shantou (Chenghai) 猛
    Jieyang 猛
    Haifeng 猛
    Bangkok (Teochew) 猛
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 猛
    Singapore (Teochew) 猛
    Leizhou 猛
    Wenchang 猛, 快
    Haikou 猛
    Qionghai 快
    Singapore (Hainanese) 猛
    Puxian Min Putian 緊
    Xianyou 緊
    Min Zhong Yong'an 烈
    Shaxian 烈
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 快, 快當
    Shehua Fu'an 快
    Fuding 快
    Luoyuan 快
    Shunchang 快
    Hua'an 快
    Guixi (Zhangping) 快
    Cangnan 快
    Jingning 快
    Lishui 快
    Longyou 快
    Wu Shanghai 快, 𢜶
    Shanghai (Chongming) 快
    Suzhou 快, 𢜶
    Danyang 快, 𢜶
    Hangzhou 快
    Ningbo 快
    Wenzhou 快, 緊
    Jinhua 快
    Xiang Changsha 快, 快迅
    Shuangfeng 快, 快迅
    Dialectal synonyms of 快 (“sharp; sharp-edged”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鋒利, 銳利
    Mandarin Beijing 快
    Taiwan 利
    Jinan 快
    Xi'an 快
    Wuhan 快
    Chengdu 快
    Yangzhou 快
    Hefei 快
    Singapore 利
    Cantonese Guangzhou 利
    Hong Kong 利
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 快, 利
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 利, 快
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 利, 快
    Yangjiang 利
    Gan Nanchang 快
    Hakka Meixian 利
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 利
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 利
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 利
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 利
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 利
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 利
    Hong Kong 快
    Jin Taiyuan 快
    Min Bei Jian'ou 利
    Min Dong Fuzhou 利
    Min Nan Xiamen 利
    Tainan 利
    Penang (Hokkien) 利
    Chaozhou 利
    Wu Suzhou 快
    Wenzhou 快
    Xiang Changsha 快
    Shuangfeng 快

    Antonyms[edit]

    Usage notes[edit]

    • (Old Shanghainese): Unlike other Chinese languages, Northern Wu can mark for tenses as well as aspects. 快 is to be used behind the main verb, unlike most other grammatical particles.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 快

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    快

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    快
    かい
    Grade: 5
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 快 (MC kʰˠuaiH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    快(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

    1. pleasant, pleasing, comfortable, enjoyable
    2. fast, quick (in a pleasing way)
    3. sharp (of knives); clever (of wits)
    4. recovery (from illness, of health)

    Noun[edit]

    快(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

    1. (literary) pleasure; delight; enjoyment

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    快 (eumhun 쾌할 쾌 (kwaehal kwae))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    快: Hán Nôm readings: khoái, khuấy, khoáy, sướng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=快&oldid=71006767"