身
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Translingual
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
身 (Kangxi radical 158, 身+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹難竹 (HXH), four-corner 27400)
- Kangxi radical #158, ⾝.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/身
- 㑗, 𠗏, 𠲳, 𡌏, 㛛, 㧶, 𨓉, 𮀝, 竧, 裑, 𫊾, 𬢭, 𧼅, 𨌈(𫐍), 銵, 𩫙, 鯓
- 𭄨, 射, 𦎒, 鵢, 𬼧, 𡘪, 䆤, 𢈯, 𤶴
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1237, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38034
- Dae Jaweon: page 1709, character 36
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3807, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8EAB
Chinese
trad. | 身 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 身 | |
2nd round simp. | ⿻㇒力 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 身 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) : from a pictograph of a pregnant woman.
Etymology 1
STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n ~ *sin (“flesh; animal; body”), but recent Old Chinese reconstructions would not support this etymology.
Because 身 is used as a phonetic for 仁 (OC *niŋ) in excavated texts, Baxter and Sagart (2012, 2014) reconstruct the initial as nasal. This would allow for a comparison to Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Japhug tɯ-sni (“heart”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2012; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019), which are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-n(j)i-k/ŋ (“heart; mind; brain”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шын (šɨn, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): siin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seng1
- Northern Min (KCR): séng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shen
- Wade–Giles: shên1
- Yale: shēn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sen1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
- Sinological IPA (key): /sən⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шын (šɨn, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂəŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san1
- Yale: sān
- Cantonese Pinyin: san1
- Guangdong Romanization: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sin³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: siin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɨn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n
- Hakka Romanization System: siinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin1
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: séng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- sin - literary;
- sian - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sing1 / sêng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing / seng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ³³/, /seŋ³³/
- sing1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- sêng1 - Jieyang.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 身 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂən⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʂən⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʂən²¹/ /sən²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ʂẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ʃə̃²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʂən²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ʂẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ʂə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʂəŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʂə̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /sen⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ʂə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂən³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ʂən²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ʂəŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /səŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /sen³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /saŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ɕian¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən³³/ |
Xiangtan | /sən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sən⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃen²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn⁵³/ |
Nanning | /sɐn⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐn⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sin⁵⁵/ /sian⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /siŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tin²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: syin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥i[ŋ]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰjin/
Definitions
- (anatomy) body
- (figurative) body; main part
- pregnancy
- oneself
- in person; personally
- I; me
- life; one's (entire) life
- social status
- moral character
- Classifier for suits of clothes.
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyuan
- Wade–Giles: chüan1
- Yale: jywān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuan
- Palladius: цзюань (czjuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gyun1 / jyun4
- Yale: gyūn / yùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gyn1 / jyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: gün1 / yun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyːn⁵⁵/, /jyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
- Only used in 身毒 (Juāndú).
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
- 身体 (shintai): body
- 身長 (shinchō): stature, one's height
- 身辺 (shinpen): one's person
- 身代 (shindai): one's fortune, one's property
- 身代わり (migawari): a stand-in, a substitute
- 身軽 (migaru): agile, nimble, light on one's feet
- 身形 (minari): one's appearance
- 身近 (mijika): close by, near; familiar
- 身元 (mimoto): identity
- 身柄 (migara): social standing
- 身分 (mibun): social position
- 身寄り (miyori): relative
- 身投げ (minage): suicide
- 身障者 (shinshōsha): disabled person
- 身の上 (mi no ue): one's circumstances, one's place in life, one's lot or fortune
- 身勝手 (migatte): selfishness
- 身の程 (mi no hodo): one's social position
- 身の回り (mi no mawari): one's accoutrements, the things about a person, one's personal belongings
- 全身 (zenshin): whole body
- 心身 (shinshin): mind and body
- 焼身 (shōshin): self-immolation
- 変身 (henshin): transformation
- 自身 (jishin): oneself
- 独身 (dokushin): living alone; a bachelor, a single person
- 単身 (tanshin): alone, one person
- 前身 (zenshin): past life
- 保身 (hoshin): self-protection
- 献身 (kenshin): devotion
- 立身 (risshin): success in life
- 小身 (shōshin): humble position
- 細身 (hosomi): a narrow body (as of a person or the body of a thing)
- 中身 (nakami): contents, the insides of something
- 黄身 (kimi): yolk
- 刺身 (sashimi): sashimi
- 出身地 (shusshinchi): one's native place, where someone is from
- 身に着ける (mi ni tsukeru): to wear, to put on the body
- 一身 (isshin): the own person, oneself
- 一身 (hitomi): the entire body
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
身 |
み Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 実 (mi, “seed, fruit, offspring”).[1]
Standalone form of mu below. May derive as mu + い (i, emphatic nominative particle). See also the etymology of 神 (kami, kamu).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- a body; (by extension):
- the main part of something
- oneself
- one's position, one's social standing, one's circumstances
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
身 |
む Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Bound form of mi above, only found in compounds.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (only in compounds) a body
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
身 |
むくろ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 身 (mu, “body”, bound form of standalone mi) + くろ (kuro). The derivation of the kuro element is uncertain, but it might be an alteration or ancient form of 幹 (kara, “trunk, main part”).[1]
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
- a living body
- 720, 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Chronicles of Japan”), Volume 7, in the section on 景行天皇 (Keikō-tennō, Emperor Keikō):
- 身體長大
- 人となり、むくろ長く大きにして
- hitotonari, mukuro takaku ōki ni shite
- His personality and body were lofty and great
- 720, 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Chronicles of Japan”), Volume 7, in the section on 景行天皇 (Keikō-tennō, Emperor Keikō):
- a dead body, a corpse
- 14th century, 太平記 (Taiheiki):
- 御首は敷皮の上に落ちて質は尚坐せるが如し
- onkubi wa shikikawa no ue ni ochite mukuro wa naozaseru ga gotoshi
- The head fell onto the hide rug, and the corpse looked as if it were sitting straight...
- 御首は敷皮の上に落ちて質は尚坐せるが如し
- 14th century, 太平記 (Taiheiki):
- a rotten tree trunk
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
身 |
しん Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 身 (syin, “body, self”).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- a body
Usage notes
Seldom used on its own. In isolation, the reading mi is much more common.
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 身 (MC syin). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
- 망신 (亡身, mangsin)
- 변신 (變身, byeonsin)
- 병신 (病身, byeongsin)
- 분신 (焚身, bunsin)
- 삽신 (揷腎, sapsin)
- 시신 (屍身, sisin)
- 신병 (身柄, sinbyeong)
- 신분 (身分, sinbun)
- 신원 (身元, sinwon)
- 신체 (身體, sinche)
- 자신 (自身, jasin)
- 출신 (出身, chulsin)
- 헌신 (獻身, heonsin)
- 대신 (代身, daesin)
- 혼신 (渾身, honsin)
- 신체 (身體, sinche, “body”)
- 만신창이 (滿身瘡痍, mansinchang'i)
- 살신성인 (殺身成仁, salsinseong'in)
- 신토불이 (身土不二, sintoburi)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
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