bark
English
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Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "RP" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /bɑːk/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "GA" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /bɑɹk/
Audio (UK): (file) Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k
- Homophone: barque
Etymology 1
From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-Germanic *berkaną (“to bark, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brgljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”).
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Verb
bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)
- (intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).
- Synonym: give tongue
- The neighbour's dog is always barking.
- The seal barked as the zookeeper threw fish into its enclosure.
- (intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.
- 1530, Tyndale, A Pathway into the Holy Scripture:
- And therefore they bark, and say the scripture maketh heretics.
- (Can we date this quote?), Fuller
- Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.
- (transitive) To speak sharply.
- The sergeant barked an order.
- 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 3:
- Plainly he was prepared to bark out an interminable succession of charges against the Wanderer.
- 2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC[1]:
- While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou.
Usage notes
Historically, bork existed as a past tense form and borken as a past participle, but both forms are now obsolete.
Synonyms
- latrate (obsolete)
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Noun
bark (plural barks)
- The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals.
- (figuratively) An abrupt loud vocal utterance.
- c. 1921, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, volume 11:
- Fox’s clumsy figure, negligently dressed in blue and buff, seemed unprepossessing; only his shaggy eyebrows added to the expression of his face; his voice would rise to a bark in excitement.
Translations
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Etymology 2
From Middle English bark, from Old English barc (“bark”), from Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-Germanic *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergo- (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkr, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“bast”).
Noun
bark (countable and uncountable, plural barks)
- (countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree.
- 1879, Friedrich August Flückiger & al., Pharmacographia...[2], page 346:
- The hardships of bark-collecting in the primeval forests of South America are of the severest kind, and undergone only by the half-civilized Indians and people of mixed race, in the pay of speculators or companies located in the towns. Those who are engaged in the business, especially the collectors themselves, are called Cascarilleros or Cascadores, from the Spanish word Cascara, bark.
- 2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Time[3]:
- Moving about 70 miles per hour, it crashed through the sturdy old-growth trees, snapping their limbs and shredding bark from their trunks.
- (medicine) Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced.
- Hard candy made in flat sheets, for instance out of chocolate, peanut butter, toffee or peppermint.
- The crust formed on barbecued meat that has had a rub applied to it.
- 2009, Julie Reinhardt, She-Smoke: A Backyard Barbecue Book, page 151:
- This softens the meat further, but at some loss of crunch to the bark.
- The envelopment or outer covering of anything.
Usage notes
Usually uncountable; bark may be countable when referring to the barks of different types of tree.
Synonyms
- (exterior covering of a tree): rind
Derived terms
- stringybark (Eucalyptus spp.)
- Winter's bark (Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
Translations
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Verb
bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)
- To strip the bark from; to peel.
- 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:
- Along the river freshly felled and barked trees told of the activity of beaver, and in slow current and in eddies the tops of their winter's food supply lay like submerged brush fences projecting above the surface.
- To abrade or rub off any outer covering from.
- to bark one’s heel
- 2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, “Liverpool’s waves of red fury and recklessness end in joyous bedlam”, in The Guardian[4]:
- Barcelona had been harried and hurried and stretched thin by the midway point in the second half. Tackles flew in. Toes were crushed, shins barked, ankles hacked.
- To girdle.
- To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark.
- bark the roof of a hut
Derived terms
Translations
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Etymology 3
From Middle English barke (“boat”), from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship, type of fish”),
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Alternative forms
Noun
bark (plural barks)
- (obsolete) A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge.
- (poetic) A sailing vessel or boat of any kind.
- circa 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116:
- It is the star to every wandering bark
- circa 1880, Emily Dickinson, Whether my bark went down at sea —:
- Whether my bark went down at sea, Whether she met with gales, […]
- (nautical) A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast square-rigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.
Translations
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Anagrams
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *báruka, from *bʰor-ukos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry”). Compare Old Irish bru (“belly”), bruach (“big-bellied”), Russian брю́хо (brjúxo, “lower abdomen, belly, paunch”). More at bie and barrë.
Noun
bark m (plural barqe, definite barku, definite plural barqet)
Declension
Derived terms
Danish
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
bark c (singular definite barken, not used in plural form)
- bark (covering of the trunk of a tree)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
bark c (singular definite barken, plural indefinite barker)
- bark (large sailing boat)
Inflection
References
- “bark” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “bark,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
bark m (plural barken, diminutive barkje n)
- the bark of certain trees, used for its tannin
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch barke, from Old French barque.
Noun
bark f (plural barken, diminutive barkje n)
- barge, a large type of rowing or sailing boat
Anagrams
Faroese
Etymology
From Danish bark, from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship, type of fish”),
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Noun
bark f (genitive singular barkar, plural barkir)
- (nautical) bark: A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast square-rigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.
Declension
Declension of bark | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | bark | barkin | barkir | barkirnar |
accusative | bark | barkina | barkir | barkirnar |
dative | bark | barkini | barkum | barkunum |
genitive | barkar | barkarinnar | barka | barkanna |
Synonyms
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English bark, from Old Norse bǫrkr, from Proto-Germanic *barkuz.
Pronunciation
Noun
bark (plural barkes)
- bark (a tree's covering, often used in leatherworking or as a pharmaceutical).
- The exterior layer of a nut or other fruit.
- (rare, Late Middle English, figurative) A shallow look at something.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “bark (n.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-12.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
Noun
bark m (definite singular barken, uncountable)
- bark (outer layer of trunks and branches of trees and bushes)
Derived terms
See also
- bork (Nynorsk)
Etymology 2
From Late Latin barca, via French barque
Noun
bark m (definite singular barken, indefinite plural barker, definite plural barkene)
References
- “bark” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Late Latin barca, via French barque
Noun
bark m (definite singular barken, indefinite plural barkar, definite plural barkane)
References
- “bark” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *bъrkъ.
Noun
bark m inan
Declension
Etymology 2
Noun
bark m inan
- barque (sailing vessel)
Declension
Etymology 3
Noun
bark m inan
- unit in the Bark scale
Further reading
- bark in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- Template:R:PWN
- Template:source
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse bǫrkr, from Proto-Germanic *barkuz.
Noun
bark c (uncountable)
Declension
Declension of bark | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | bark | barken | barkar | barkarna |
Genitive | barks | barkens | barkars | barkarnas |
- English 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k
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- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑrk
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