pen
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɛn/
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Audio (US-Inland North): (file) - Rhymes: -ɛn
- Homophone: pin (pin-pen merger)
Etymology 1
From Middle English pen, penne (“enclosure for animals”), from Old English penn (“enclosure, fold, pen”) (in compounds), from Proto-Germanic *pennō, *pannijō (“pin, bolt, nail, tack”), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“pointed peg, nail, edge”). Akin to Old English pennian (“to close, lock, bolt”) (in compounds onpennian (“to open”)), Low German pennen (“to secure a door with a bolt”), Old English pinn (“peg, bolt”). More at pin.
Sense “prison” originally figurative extension to “enclosure for persons” (1845), later influenced by penitentiary (“prison”), being analyzed as an abbreviation (1884).[1]
Noun
pen (plural pens)
- An enclosure (enclosed area) used to contain domesticated animals, especially sheep or cattle.
- There are two steers in the third pen.
- (slang) A prison cell.
- They caught him with a stolen horse, and he wound up in the pen again.
- (baseball) The bullpen.
- Two righties are up in the pen.
Translations
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Verb
pen (third-person singular simple present pens, present participle penning, simple past and past participle penned or pent)
- (transitive) To enclose in a pen.
- (Can we date this quote?), John Milton, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve.
Translations
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Etymology 2
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ballpoint-pen-parts.jpg/220px-Ballpoint-pen-parts.jpg)
From Middle English penne, from Anglo-Norman penne, from Old French penne, from Latin penna (“feather”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to rush, fly”) (from which petition). Proto-Indo-European base also root of *petra-, from which πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) (whence pterodactyl), Sanskrit पत्रम् (patram, “wing, feather”), Old Church Slavonic перо (pero, “pen”), Old Norse fjǫðr, Old English feðer (Modern English feather);[1] note the /p/ → /f/ Germanic sound change.
See feather and πέτομαι (pétomai) for more.
Noun
pen (plural pens)
- A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.
- He took notes with a pen.
- (figurative) A writer, or his style.
- He has a sharp pen.
- (Can we date this quote?), Fuller, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- those learned pens
- (colloquial) Marks of ink left by a pen.
- He's unhappy because he got pen on his new shirt.
- A light pen.
- (zoology) The internal cartilage skeleton of a squid, shaped like a pen.
- 2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 117:
- A pen is nothing more complex than a decalcified shell, so one mutation of the genes that controlled calcification could be all it took.
- (now rare, poetic, dialectal) A feather, especially one of the flight feathers of a bird, angel etc.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene:
- And eke the pennes, that did his pineons bynd, / Were like mayne-yards, with flying canuas lynd, / With which whenas him list the ayre to beat […]
- (poetic) A wing.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Milton to this entry?)
Derived terms
Translations
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Verb
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- (transitive) To write (an article, a book, etc.).
Translations
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Etymology 3
Origin uncertain. Compare hen.
Noun
pen (plural pens)
- A female swan.
Translations
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Etymology 4
Shortened form of penalty
Noun
pen (plural pens)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “pen”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Anagrams
Angloromani
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Romani phen, from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī).
Pronunciation
Noun
pen
Derived terms
References
- “pen”, in Angloromani Dictionary[1], The Manchester Romani Project, 2004-2006
Danish
Etymology 1
From late Old Norse penni, from Latin penna (“feather”).
Pronunciation
Noun
pen c (singular definite pennen, plural indefinite penne)
Declension
Etymology 2
Adjective
pen (neuter pent, plural and definite singular attributive pene, comparative penere, superlative (predicative) penest, superlative (attributive) peneste)
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch penne. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
Noun
pen f (plural pennen, diminutive pennetje n)
Derived terms
- (pen): balpen, kroontjespen, vulpen
- (pin): aardingspen, scharnierpen, zadelpen
Anagrams
Haitian Creole
Etymology
Noun
pen
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch pen, from Latin penna (“feather, pen”).
Pronunciation
Noun
pèn (first-person possessive penku, second-person possessive penmu, third-person possessive pennya)
- (nonstandard) Alternative form of pena.
- (medicine) pin, metal used to fasten or as a bearing.
Further reading
- “pen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Japanese
Romanization
pen
Mandarin
Romanization
pen
- Nonstandard spelling of pēn.
- Nonstandard spelling of pén.
- Nonstandard spelling of pěn.
- Nonstandard spelling of pèn.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mapudungun
Verb
pen (using Raguileo Alphabet)
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Anglo-Norman penne.
Noun
pen
- Alternative form of penne
Etymology 2
From Old English penn, from Proto-Germanic *pennō.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
pen
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “pen (n.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-24.
Mindiri
Noun
pen
Further reading
- Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Possibly from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French
Adjective
pen (neuter singular pent, definite singular and plural pene, comparative penere, indefinite superlative penest, definite superlative peneste)
References
- “pen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Possibly from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French
Adjective
pen (neuter singular pent, definite singular and plural pene, comparative penare, indefinite superlative penast, definite superlative penaste)
References
- “pen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Rade
Etymology
Noun
pen
Tok Pisin
Etymology 1
Noun
pen
Etymology 2
Noun
pen
Etymology 3
Noun
pen
Volapük
Noun
pen (nominative plural pens)
Declension
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.
Pronunciation
Noun
pen m (plural pennau)
Related terms
Adjective
pen (equative penned, comparative pennach, superlative pennaf)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
pen | ben | mhen | phen |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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