周

See also: 固 and 週

周 U+5468, 周 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5468 ← 呧 [U+5467] CJK Unified Ideographs 呩 → [U+5469]

周 U+2F83F, 周 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83F ← 呈 [U+2F83E] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 咢 → [U+2F840]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• In certain fonts (for example, Microsoft JhengHei) the edges of the 土 component touch the enclosing 冂 component. The result visually resembles the radical 用 but with a shortened central vertical.

Han character

周 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月土口 (BGR), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿵⺆𠮷(GTJKV) or ⿵⺆⿻一古(H))

Derived characters

• 倜, 凋, 調(调), 啁, 徟, 淍, 惆, 婤, 綢(绸), 琱, 椆, 晭, 賙(赒), 禂, 碉, 睭, 稠, 皗, 裯, 蜩, 輖(𫐏), 錭, 鯛(鲷), 騆, 㓮, 郮, 彫, 翢, 雕, 鵰(𫛲), 奝, 霌, 週

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 36
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3441
• Dae Jaweon: page 400, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 606, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5468

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 周
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (周) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
裯	*tuːw, *dɯw, *do
啁	*tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw
禂	*tuːwʔ
綢	*tʰuːw, *dɯw
翢	*tʰuːw, *duːw
錭	*duːw
雕	*tɯːw
凋	*tɯːw
琱	*tɯːw
鯛	*tɯːw
鵰	*tɯːw
彫	*tɯːw
奝	*tɯːw
調	*dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw
蜩	*dɯːw
惆	*tʰɯw
婤	*tʰɯw, *tjɯw
稠	*dɯw
椆	*dɯw, *tjɯws
周	*tjɯw
輖	*tjɯw
賙	*tjɯw
郮	*tjɯw
晭	*tjɯwʔ
倜	*tʰɯːwɢ

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 周 – see 週 (“week; circumference; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 週).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Usage notes

This variant form is the name of the second tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌇), as listed in the ancient text.

Etymology 2

trad.		周
simp. #		周

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōu (zhou¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiu
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹tseu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
    • Wade–Giles: chou¹
    • Yale: jōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zau¹
    • Yale: jāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
    • Hakka Romanization System: zu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹tseu
    • MiniDict: tseu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tseu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 周
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂou²¹/ /t͡sou²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂou²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂou³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡səu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡səu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡səu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡səu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sei³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕɤu³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiu³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂəu³³/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɨu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡su⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tʃu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐu⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐu⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐu⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡siu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sieu⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡siu⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡siu³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡siu²³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyuw

Rime
Character	周
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職流切
Baxter	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	周	周
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tiw/	/*tiw/
English	Zhōu (dynasty and place)	cycle; all around
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	周
Reading #	1/1
No.	17531
Phonetic component	周
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	周
Old Chinese	/*tjɯw/
Notes	甲金文象田間稼密， 爲稠初文

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 周

1. thorough; scrupulous; meticulous
2. to help financially
3. (historical) (～朝) Zhou Dynasty
4. a surname

   周恩來／周恩来  ―  Zhōu Ēnlái  ―  Zhou Enlai / Chou En-Lai (the first Premier of the People's Republic of China)

5. (～村) Zhou (a village in Dongsong, Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

周

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. circumference
2. circuit
3. lap

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}; す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しう (siu, historical)}
• Kun: まわり (mawari, 周り, Jōyō); あまねし (amaneshi, 周し); あまねく (amaneku, 周く); めぐる (meguru, 周る)

Compounds

• 周(しゅう)南(なん) (Shūnan, “Shūnan”)
• 周(しゅう)波(は)数(すう) (shūhasū): frequency

Kanji in this term
周
しゅう Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 周 (MC tsyuw).

Counter

周(しゅう) • (-shū) ^{←しう (siu)?}

1. laps or circuits

Proper noun

周(しゅう) • (Shū) ^{←しう (siu)?}

1. Zhou

Proper noun

周(まこと) • (Makoto) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

周 (eumhun 두루 주 (duru ju))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 周圍 (주위, juwee)
• 周全 (주전, jujeon)
• 周年 (주년, junyeon)
• 周邊 (주변, jubyeon)
• 周波數 (주파수, jupasoo)
• 周到綿密 (주도면밀, judomyeonmil)

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Vietnamese

Han character

周: Hán Nôm readings: chu, châu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.