-ие

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ьje.

Suffix

-ие • (-ie) n

Deverbal, forming action or result nouns: -tion, -ance, -ing
вям (vjam, “to be aware”) (archaic, obsolete) → ведие (vedie, “knowledge”) (obsolete) → езиковедие (ezikovedie, “linguistics”)

въстана (vǎstana, “to revel”) → въстание (vǎstanie, “uprising”)

нарека (nareka, “to call”) → наречие (narečie, “adverb”)

примиря се (primirja se, “to put up with”) → примирие (primirie, “truce”)

участвам (učastvam, “to participate”) → участие (učastie, “participation”)

допирам (dopiram, “to touch, to contact”) → допирие (dopirie, “contact, incidence”) (dialectal)

Derived terms

-тие (-tie)
-ние (-nie)
-ствие (-stvie)

Suffix

-ие • (-ie) n

Denominal, forming abstract nouns or nouns expressing capacity, state: -th, -ness, -ing
From adjectives:
здрав (zdrav, “healthy”) → здраве (zdrave, “health”)

висок (visok, “high”) → височие (visočie, “highness”)

велик (velik, “great”) → величие (veličie, “greatness”)

цял (cjal, “whole”) + мъдър (mǎdǎr, “wise”) → целомъдрие (celomǎdrie, “chastity”)

From action, result nouns:
услов (uslov, “term, claim”) (obsolete) → условие (uslovie, “condition”)

зло (zlo, “evil”) + воня (vonja, “odor, stink”) → зловоние (zlovonie, “stench”)

бог (bog, “god”) + хула (hula, “insult”) → богохулие (bogohulie, “blasphemy”)

човек (čovek, “human”) + любов (ljubov, “love”) → човеколюбие (čovekoljubie, “philanthropy”)

From quality, property nouns:
с- (s-) + част (čast, “part”) → щастие (štastie, “fortune”)

добро (dobro, “good”) + душа (duša, “soul”) → добродушие (dobrodušie, “fortune”)

благо (blago, “virtue”) + прилика (prilika, “similarity”) → благоприличие (blagopriličie, “decency”)

лихо (liho, “excess”) + мисъл (misǎl, “thought”) → лихомислие (lihomislie, “fault thinking”) (obsolete)

From adverbs:
налице (nalice, “in presence”) → наличие (naličie, “presence, availability”)

насила (nasila, “forcefully”) → насилие (nasilie, “violence”)
Denominal, forming nouns expressing relationship, way, outcome: -th, -ness, -ing
From base words:
уста (usta, “mouth”) → устие (ustie, “estuary”)

стъбло (stǎblo, “stem”) → стъблие (stǎblie, “stemming, branching”) (dialectal)

Prefixed with из- (iz-, “out of”):
из- (iz-) + дело (delo, “deed”) → изделие (izdelie, “product”)

из- (iz-) + чедо (čedo, “child”) → изчадие (izčadie, “abomination”) (originally meaning “spawn”)

Prefixed with за- (za-, “trans-, for”):
за- (za-) + гора (gora, “forest”) → загорие (zagorie, “transylvan area”)

за- (za-) + глава (glava, “head”) → заглавие (zaglavie, “chapter, header”)

Prefixed with до- (do-, “to, near”):
до- (do-) + вяра (vjara, “faint”) → доверие (doverie, “trust, confidence”)

до- (do-) + год (god, “year”) (dated) → догодие (dogodie, “remainder of the year”) (dialectal)

Prefixed with с- (s-), съ- (sǎ-, “with”):
съ- (sǎ-) + звук (zvuk, “sound”) → съзвучие (sǎzvučie, “consonance”)

с- (s-) + полука (poluka, “reached target, goal”) (dialectal) → сполучие (spolučie, “prosperity”)

Prefixed with о- (o-)/об- (ob-, “about, around”):
о- (o-) + гърло (gǎrlo, “neck”) → огърлие (ogǎrlie, “necklace”)

об- (ob-) + ход (hod, “walk”) → обходие (obhodie, “side way”) (obsolete)

Prefixed with на- (na-, “on, ad-”), над- (nad-, “above, over”):
на- (na-) + вечер (večer, “eve”) → навечерие (navečerie, “evening”)

над- (nad-) + вес (ves, “hanging, curtain”) → надвесие (nadvesie, “arch, dome”) (obsolete)

Prefixed with под- (pod-, “under”):
под- (pod-) + земя (zemja, “earth”) → подземие (podzemie, “dungeon”)

под- (pod-) + нога (noga, “foot”) → подножие (podnožie, “foothold”)

Prefixed with по- (po-, “by, of”):
по- (po-) + доба (doba, “proper time, place”) → подобие (podobie, “resemblance”)

по- (po-) + кор (kor, “reproach, reprimand”) (archaic) → покорие (pokorie, “submissiveness”) (obsolete)

Prefixed with по- (po-, “at”):
по- (po-) + река (reka, “river”) → поречие (porečie, “riverside area”)

по- (po-) + море (more, “river”) → поморие (pomorie, “seaside area”)

Prefixed with край- (kraj-, “nearby”)
край- (kraj-) + бряг (brjag, “forest”) → крайбрежие (krajbrežie, “coastal area”)

край- (kraj-) + лес (les, “wood”) → крайлесие (krajlesie, “woodside area”)

Prefixed with при- (pri-, “at”), пре- (pre-, “per”), про- (pro-, “for”):
при- (pri-) + глас (glas, “voice”) → пригласие (priglasie, “ovation, supporting chatter”) (obsolete)

пре- (pre-) + межда (mežda, “boundary, medium”) → премеждие (premeždie, “obstacle, misadventure”)
Forms instrumental nouns (usually tools and weapons) expressing purpose, functionality:
From verbal stems:
копая (kopaja, “to ditch”) → копие (kopie, “spear”)

From instrumental nouns:
пособ (posob, “mean”) → пособие (posobie, “resource for self-education”)

Prefixes with об-/о-:
о- (o-) + *rǫdъ (“prickly, thorny, shaggy”) → оръдие (orǎdie, “cannon, instrument”)

о- (o-) + *rǫgъ (“offense, assault”) → оръжие (orǎžie, “weaponry”)

Usage notes

Often, -ие (-ie) is used in combination with the prefix без- (bez-, “without”) to form abstract concepts expressing lack, non-presence, or shortage:

Declension of -ие (soft o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-ие -ije	-ии -ii	-иꙗ -ija
genitive	-иꙗ -ija	-ию -iju	-ии -ii
dative	-ию -iju	-иема -ijema	-иемъ -ijemŭ
accusative	-ие -ije	-ии -ii	-иꙗ -ija
instrumental	-иимь -iimĭ	-иема -ijema	-ии -ii
locative	-ии -ii	-ию -iju	-иихъ -iixŭ
vocative	-ие -ije	-ии -ii	-иꙗ -ija

	singular	plural
nominative	-ие -ije	-ия -ija
genitive	-ия -ija	-ий -ij
dative	-ию -iju	-иям -ijam
accusative	-ие -ije	-ия -ija
instrumental	-ием -ijem	-иями -ijami
prepositional	-ии -ii	-иях -ijax

Bulgarian

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

Suffix

Usage notes

Alternative forms

Related terms

Suffix

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms