飯

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See also: 饭
飯 U+98EF, 飯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-98EF
← 飮
[U+98EE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 飰 →
[U+98F0]

飯 U+FA2A, 飯
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA2A
← 﨩
[U+FA29] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 飼 →
[U+FA2B]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

飯 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+4, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人戈竹水 (OIHE), four-corner 81747, composition ⿰飠反(GHTJV) or ⿰𩙿反(K))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1417, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44064
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1941, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4444, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+98EF

Chinese[edit]

trad. 飯
simp. 饭
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 飯
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扳 *praːn, *pʰraːn
板 *praːnʔ
版 *praːnʔ
瓪 *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ
昄 *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑 *praːnʔ
蝂 *praːnʔ
眅 *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ
阪 *braːnʔ, *panʔ
魬 *braːnʔ
粄 *paːnʔ
反 *panʔ, *pʰan
返 *panʔ
坂 *panʔ
畈 *pans
販 *pans
汳 *pʰans
飯 *bonʔ, *bons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bonʔ, *bons) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *puuŋ (“cooked rice”), whence Mon ပုၚ် (pɜŋ, “cooked rice”) (Ferlus, 1988).

Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, meaning "what is eaten" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: "noodles", "rice" in components, e.g. мифан (米飯).
Note:
  • buông - colloquial;
  • huáng - literary.
Note:
  • pn̄g/pňg/pūiⁿ - colloquial;
  • hoān - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: bung7 / beng7 / huêng6 / huang6 / huam6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pūng / pṳ̄ng / huĕng / huăng / huăm
      • Sinological IPA (key): /puŋ¹¹/, /pɯŋ¹¹/, /hueŋ³⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/
Note:
  • bung7 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai);
  • beng7 - vernacular (Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping);
  • huêng6 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • huang6 - literary (Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping);
  • huam6 - literary (Jieyang, Chaoyang).
Note:
  • fan5 - vernacular;
  • fan4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 飯
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 符万切
    Baxter bjonH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bʉɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/bʷiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭwɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯wɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 飯
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjonH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bo[n]ʔ-s/
    English cooked rice or millet

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 飯
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 2977
    Phonetic
    component         		反
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		飯
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bons/
    Definitions[edit]

    飯

    1. any cooked grain (rice, millet, etc.)
      小米飯／小米饭  ―  xiǎomǐ fàn  ―  cooked millet
    2. (particularly) cooked rice (Classifier: 碗 m c h mn)
      糯米飯／糯米饭 [Cantonese]  ―  no6 mai5 faan6 [Jyutping]  ―  (cooked) sticky rice
      你要吃飯還是吃麵？ [MSC, trad.]
      你要吃饭还是吃面？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ yào chī fàn háishì chī miàn? [Pinyin]
      Do you want to eat rice or noodles?
    3. meal (Classifier: 頓／顿 m mn; 餐 m c)
      早飯／早饭  ―  zǎofàn  ―  breakfast
    4. (dialectal) noodles
    5. (Mainland China Hokkien) egg clusters shaped like rice balls (of some animals)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 米飯 (“cooked rice”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 飯
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 米飯, 飯
    Mandarin Beijing 米飯, 飯
    Taiwan 飯, 米飯
    Ulanhot 米飯
    Tongliao 米飯
    Chifeng 米飯, 乾飯
    Bayanhot 乾飯
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 米飯
    Harbin 米飯, 乾飯, 飯
    Yantai (Muping) 乾飯, 米飯, 大米乾飯
    Qingdao 乾飯
    Jinan 乾飯, 大米乾飯, 米飯
    Luoyang 大米飯, 大米乾飯, 米飯
    Wanrong 大米飯, 米飯
    Zhengzhou 米飯
    Xi'an 米飯
    Yinchuan 乾飯, 稻米乾飯
    Lanzhou 大米飯, 米飯
    Xining 大米飯
    Ürümqi 乾飯, 米飯
    Wuhan 乾飯, 飯
    Huanggang 飯
    Chengdu 乾飯, 飯, 𩛲𩛲 childish
    Guiyang 飯
    Guilin 米飯
    Liuzhou 飯, 米飯
    Xuzhou 米飯, 大米乾飯, 乾飯
    Yangzhou 飯
    Nanjing 飯, 米飯, 乾飯
    Hefei 乾飯, 飯
    Nantong 米飯
    Malaysia 飯
    Singapore 飯
    Cantonese Guangzhou 飯
    Hong Kong 飯
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 飯
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 飯
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 飯
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 飯
    Macau 飯, 阿囡薯
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 飯
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 飯
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 飯
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 飯
    Foshan 飯
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 飯
    Foshan (Shunde) 飯
    Foshan (Sanshui) 飯
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 飯
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 飯
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 飯
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 飯
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 飯
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 飯
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 飯
    Taishan 飯
    Kaiping (Chikan) 飯
    Enping (Niujiang) 飯
    Heshan (Yayao) 飯
    Dongguan 飯
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 飯
    Shaoguan 飯
    Yunfu 飯
    Yangjiang 飯
    Xinyi 飯
    Lianjiang 飯
    Nanning 飯
    Wuzhou 飯
    Yulin 飯
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 飯
    Beihai 飯
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 飯
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 飯
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 飯
    Danzhou 飯
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 飯
    Penang (Guangfu) 飯
    Singapore (Guangfu) 飯
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 飯
    Móng Cái 飯
    Gan Nanchang 飯
    Lichuan 飯
    Pingxiang 飯
    Hakka Meixian 飯
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 飯
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 飯
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 飯
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 飯
    Conghua (Lütian) 飯
    Yudu 飯
    Shicheng 飯
    Shangyou (Shexi) 飯
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 飯
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 飯
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 飯
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 飯
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 飯
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 飯
    Hong Kong 飯
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 大米飯
    Senai (Huiyang) 飯
    Kuching (Hepo) 飯
    Singkawang 飯
    Huizhou Jixi 飯
    Shexian 飯
    Tunxi 飯
    Xiuning 飯
    Yixian 飯
    Qimen 飯
    Wuyuan 飯
    Jin Taiyuan 大米飯, 米飯
    Pingyao 大米飯, 米飯
    Xinzhou 米飯
    Taibus (Baochang) 米飯
    Linhe 米飯
    Jining 白米飯
    Hohhot 米飯
    Baotou 白米飯
    Dongsheng 米飯
    Haibowan 燜飯
    Northern Min Jian'ou 飯
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 飯
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 白飯
    Pucheng (Shibei) 早米飯
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 飯
    Fuqing 飯
    Southern Min Xiamen 飯
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 飯
    Quanzhou 飯
    Zhangzhou 飯
    Taipei 飯
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 飯
    Kaohsiung 飯
    Yilan 飯
    Changhua (Lukang) 飯, 糜
    Taichung 飯
    Tainan 飯
    Hsinchu 飯
    Kinmen 飯
    Penghu (Magong) 飯
    Penang (Hokkien) 飯
    Singapore (Hokkien) 飯
    Manila (Hokkien) 飯
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 飯
    Datian 飯
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 飯
    Chaozhou 飯
    Shantou 飯
    Bangkok (Teochew) 飯
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 飯
    Singapore (Teochew) 飯
    Leizhou 飯
    Wenchang 飯, 糜
    Haikou 飯, 糜
    Qionghai 飯, 糜
    Singapore (Hainanese) 飯
    Puxian Min Putian 暝
    Putian (Donghai) 暝
    Putian (Jiangkou) 飯
    Putian (Nanri) 米暝
    Xianyou 暝
    Xianyou (Fengting) 暝
    Xianyou (Youyang) 暝
    Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 飯
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 飯, 米飯, 大米飯
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 米飯
    Shehua Fuding 焦飯
    Luoyuan 飯
    Sanming 飯
    Shunchang 飯
    Guixi (Zhangping) 飯
    Cangnan 飯
    Jingning 飯
    Lishui 飯
    Longyou 飯
    Chaozhou 焦飯
    Fengshun 飯
    Wu Shanghai 飯, 白米飯
    Shanghai (Chongming) 米飯, 飯
    Suzhou 飯
    Wuxi 飯
    Danyang 飯
    Hangzhou 飯
    Ningbo 飯
    Wenzhou 飯, 白米飯, 米飯, 燥飯
    Jinhua 飯
    Xiang Changsha 飯
    Loudi 飯
    Shuangfeng 飯
    Quanzhou 飯
    Dialectal synonyms of 麵條 (“noodle”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 麵條, 麵
    Mandarin Beijing 麵條兒, 麵
    Taiwan 麵條, 麵
    Harbin 麵條兒
    Yantai (Muping) 麵
    Jinan 麵條兒, 麵
    Luoyang 麵條兒, 麵
    Wanrong 飯
    Xi'an 麵
    Yinchuan 麵條子, 麵
    Lanzhou 麵條子
    Xining 麵條兒
    Ürümqi 麵條子, 麵
    Wuhan 麵, 麵條
    Chengdu 麵
    Guiyang 麵
    Liuzhou 麵條, 麵
    Xuzhou 麵條兒, 麵條子
    Yangzhou 麵
    Nanjing 麵, 麵條
    Hefei 麵條, 麵
    Malaysia 麵
    Singapore 麵
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 麵, 飯
    Cantonese Guangzhou 麵
    Hong Kong 麵
    Dongguan 麵
    Yangjiang 麵
    Beihai 麵條
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 麵條
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 麵條
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 麵條
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 麵
    Penang (Guangfu) 麵
    Singapore (Guangfu) 麵
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 麵
    Móng Cái 麵條
    Yangon (Taishan) 麵
    Mandalay (Taishan) 麵
    Gan Nanchang 麵
    Lichuan 麵
    Pingxiang 麵
    Hakka Meixian 麵, 麵條
    Yudu 麵
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麵
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麵
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麵
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 大麵, 麵
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麵
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 大麵
    Huizhou Jixi 麵
    Jin Taiyuan 麵條子, 麵條, 麵
    Xinzhou 麵條子, 條條子麵, 條子麵, 麵
    Northern Min Jian'ou 麵
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 麵
    Southern Min Xiamen 麵
    Quanzhou 麵
    Jinjiang 麵
    Shishi 麵
    Yongchun 麵奇
    Zhangzhou 麵
    Yilan 麵
    Penang (Hokkien) 麵
    Singapore (Hokkien) 麵
    Manila (Hokkien) 麵
    Chaozhou 麵
    Shantou 麵
    Singapore (Teochew) 麵
    Haikou 麵, 麵條
    Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 麵
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 麵
    Wu Shanghai 麵, 麵條
    Shanghai (Chongming) 麵
    Suzhou 麵
    Danyang 麵
    Hangzhou 麵
    Ningbo 麵
    Wenzhou 麵
    Jinhua 麵
    Xiang Changsha 麵
    Shuangfeng 麵

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 飯
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 扶晚切
    Baxter bjonX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bʉɐnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/bʷiɐnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biuɐnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buanX/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuɐnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭwɐnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯wɐnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 飯
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjonX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bo[n]ʔ/
    English eat

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 飯
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 2976
    Phonetic
    component         		反
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		飯
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bonʔ/
    Definitions[edit]

    飯

    1. (obsolete) to eat
    2. (obsolete) to give food to; to let someone eat; to feed

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Borrowed from English fan. Doublet of 粉絲／粉丝 (fěnsī).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    飯

    1. (neologism, slang) fans
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 飯
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    飯
    &#xFA2A;
    or
    飯+&#xFE00;?
    飯󠄀
    飯+&#xE0100;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    飯󠄄
    飯+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    飯

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 飯)

    1. cooked grains (rice, etc.)
    2. meal

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    飯
    はん
    Grade: 4
    kan’on

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    飯(はん) • (han) 

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    飯
    いい
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    ⟨ipi1⟩ → */ipʲi/ → /ifi/ → /iwi/ → /iː/

    From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨pi1⟩.

    Noun[edit]

    飯(いい) • (ii) ←いひ (ifi)?

    1. (archaic) cooked grains, especially cooked rice
    Derived terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    飯(いい) • (Ii) ←いひ (ifi)?

    1. a surname

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    飯
    めし
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 召す (mesu, “to call”).[2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    飯(めし) • (meshi) 

    1. cooked grains, especially cooked rice
    2. (informal) a meal
      飯(めし)を食(く)う
      meshi o kuu
      eat a meal
    Usage notes[edit]

    This is an informal way to refer to food, and 食う (kuu) is a correspondingly informal way to say "eat".

    Derived terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    飯(めし) • (Meshi) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    飯
    まま
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    Clipping of 旨旨 (umauma, “food”, baby talk).[5]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    飯(まま) • (mama) 

    1. (Tsugaru) cooked rice
    2. (childish) Alternative form of 飯 (manma)
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    飯
    まんま
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Compare Korean 맘마 (mamma).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    飯(まんま) or 飯(まま) • (manma or mama) 

    1. (childish) cooked rice
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “飯”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
    4. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
    5. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    飯 (eumhun 밥 반 (bap ban))

    1. Hanja form? of 반 (“meal, rice”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    飯: Hán Nôm readings: phạn[1][2], phằn

    1. rice

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Trần (1999).
    2. ^ Trần (2004).
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