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U+5927, 大
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5927

[U+5926]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5928]
U+2F24, ⼤
KANGXI RADICAL BIG

[U+2F23]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F25]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 37, +0, 3 strokes, cangjie input (K), four-corner 40030 or 40800, composition or 𠂇)

  1. Kangxi radical #37, .

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 248, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5831
  • Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 520, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5927

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms ancient
𠘲
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script

Ideogram (指事): a person with arms stretched out as far as possible, implying the meaning of big/great/large.

Compare with , which is a man with bent legs.

Compare also , which is a man with arms outstretched and a crest or tattoo on his chest, and to , which is a man with arms outstretched and leaning to side (running).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with (OC *tʰaːds, “too, excessively”), (OC *tʰaːds, “big”). Wang (1982) also lists (OC *l'aːnʔ, “big, magniloquent, ridiculous”) as a cognate, which Schuessler (2007) suggests is cognate with (OC *lan, *lans, “to extend”) instead. There are no unambiguous Tibeto-Burman cognates. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *taj (big), from which came Written Tibetan མཐེ་བོ (mthe bo, thumb), Anong tʰɛ (big, large, great), Mikir tʰè, ketʰè (“big, large, great”), Burmese တယ် (tai, very), is often compared with. There is no final –s in the Tibeto-Burman words, but a –y, which, according to James Matisoff, “indicates emergent quality in stative verbs”. Also compare Chinese (OC *ʔl'aːl, “many, much”), (OC *taː, “all”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note: daai6-2 - “only so big/old”.
Note: to5 - limited (e.g. 大(姑)娘, 大(姑)爺大(姑)爷).
Note:
  • tōa/tā - vernacular;
  • tāi - literary.
Note:
  • dua7 - vernacular;
  • dai6 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Note:
    • 6du - vernacular;
    • 6da - literary.
  • Xiang
  • Note:
    • dai5 - vernacular;
    • da4 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 大 (小)
    Mandarin Beijing /ta⁵¹/
    Harbin /ta⁵³/
    Tianjin /tɑ⁵³/
    Jinan /ta²¹/
    Qingdao /ta²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ta³¹²/
    Xi'an /ta⁴⁴/
    Xining /ta²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ta¹³/
    Lanzhou /ta¹³/
    Ürümqi /ta²¹³/
    Wuhan /ta³⁵/
    Chengdu /ta¹³/
    Guiyang /ta²¹³/
    Kunming /ta̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /tɑ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ta⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /ta⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /tei³⁵/
    /tɑ³⁵/
    Hohhot /ta⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /da²³/
    /du²³/
    Suzhou /dəu³¹/
    Hangzhou /dɑ¹³/
    /do¹³/
    Wenzhou /da²²/
    /dɤu²²/
    Hui Shexian /tʰa²²/
    /tʰo²²/
    Tunxi /tʰo¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ta⁵⁵/
    /tai¹¹/
    Xiangtan /dai²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /tʰo²¹/ ~娘,姑母
    Hakka Meixian /tʰai⁵³/
    Taoyuan /tʰɑi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tai²²/
    Nanning /tai²²/
    Hong Kong /tai²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /to²²/
    /tua²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tuɑi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tuɛ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /tai³⁵/
    /tua³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔda³⁵/
    /ʔdua²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (7) (7)
    Final () (25) (94)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () I I
    Fanqie
    Baxter dajH daH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /dɑiH/ /dɑH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /dɑiH/ /dɑH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /dɑiH/ /dɑH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /dajH/ /daH/
    Li
    Rong
    /dɑiH/ /dɑH/
    Wang
    Li
    /dɑiH/ /dɑH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱɑiH/ /dʱɑH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    dài duò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    daai6 do6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ daH › ‹ dajH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*lˁat-s/ (MC F!) /*lˁa[t]-s/
    English big big

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 1934 1939
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*daːds/ /*daːds/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. of great size; big; large; huge
      Antonym: (xiǎo)
        ―  Zhè ge tài le!  ―  This is too big!
      [Cantonese, trad.]
      [Cantonese, simp.]
      ni1 tiu4 fu3 hou2 daai6 tiu4. [Jyutping]
      This pair of pants is very big.
    2. big; great
      關係改善 [MSC, trad.]
      关系改善 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhōng Měi guānxì yǐ yǒu hěn gǎishàn. [Pinyin]
      Relations between China and America have improved greatly.
      不列顛不列颠  ―  Dàbùlièdiān  ―  Great Britain
    3. great of its kind
      昨天  ―  Zuótiān xià yǔ.  ―  There was heavy rain yesterday.
      𠹻 [Cantonese]  ―  hou2 daai6 zam6 mei6 [Jyutping]  ―  a very strong smell
    4. in an extreme manner; greatly
        ―    ―  to cry violently
      吃一驚吃一惊  ―  chīyījīng  ―  to be greatly shocked
      相同  ―  bù xiàngtóng  ―  to be greatly different
      遇到情況可以走人 [MSC, trad.]
      遇到情况可以走人 [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ yùdào zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng, kěyǐ zǒurén na. [Pinyin]
      If you come across this kind of situation, you absolutely can leave.
      知道昨兒過來折騰好家伙差點兒沒這兒 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      知道昨儿过来折腾好家伙差点儿没这儿 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Nǐ kě bù zhīdào, tā zuór guòlai zhēteng le yī chǎng. Hǎojiāhuo, chàdiǎnr méi bǎ zhèr chāi lou! [Pinyin]
      You don't even know, yesterday he came over and wildly stirred up trouble. Oh my God, he almost tore this place apart!
    5. main; major
      Antonym: (xiǎo)
      他們一直門口 [MSC, trad.]
      他们一直门口 [MSC, simp.]
      Tāmen jiāng chē yīzhí kāi dào ménkǒu. [Pinyin]
      They drove right up to the main gate.
      一家石油公司股東 [MSC, trad.]
      一家石油公司股东 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā shì yījiā shíyóu gōngsī de gǔdōng. [Pinyin]
      He is a major stockholder in an oil company.
    6. well-known; successful (only applied to some occupations)
      書法家书法家  ―  shūfǎjiā  ―  a well-known calligrapher
    7. mature; grown up
      See also:
      Antonym: (xiǎo)
        ―  Nǐ duō le?  ―  How old are you?
        ―  Tā bǐ tā .  ―  She is older than him.
      [Cantonese, trad.]
      [Cantonese, simp.]
      nei5 zek3 gau2 hai6 gam3 daai6-2 gaa3 laa3. [Jyutping]
      Your dog isn't going to grow any older.
    8. (of a place) greater (together with the surrounding area pertaining to it)
      北京地區北京地区  ―  Běijīng Dìqū  ―  Greater Beijing Area
    9. (Cantonese) to grow up
      廣州广州 [Cantonese]  ―  hai2 gwong2 zau1 daai6 [Jyutping]  ―  to grow up in Guangzhou
    10. (Cantonese) to be older than
      Antonym: ()
      [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 daai6 keoi5 loeng5 nin4. [Jyutping]  ―  I am older than them by two years.
    11. (dialectal) father
    12. (dialectal) father's elder or younger brother
    13. (Cantonese, slang) to intimidate; to threaten
      [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 daai6 ngo5 aa4? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you trying to intimidate me?
      [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 mai5 daai6 ngo5. [Jyutping]  ―  Don't you threaten me.
    14. (Cantonese) only so big
      咁高咁 [Cantonese]  ―  gam3 gou1 gam3 daai6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    15. (Cantonese, euphemistic) number two
      [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      ngo5 hou2 gap1 aa3, jiu3 heoi3 daai6. [Jyutping]
      I'm very desperate and need to go number two.
    16. Short for 大學大学 (dàxué, “university”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
        ―  Běi  ―  Peking University
    17. 45th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "greatness" (𝌲)
    18. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (だい) (dai)
    • Okinawan: (だー) ()
    • Korean: 대(大) (dae)
    • Vietnamese: đại ()

    Others:

    Pronunciation 2[edit]


    Note:
    • dà - variant used in 大王 (ringleader; monarch).
  • Cantonese
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Eastern Min
  • Southern Min

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (7)
    Final () (25)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter dajH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /dɑiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /dɑiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /dɑiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /dajH/
    Li
    Rong
    /dɑiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /dɑiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱɑiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    dài
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    daai6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dajH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*lˁa[t]-s/
    English big

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 1939
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*daːds/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Used in 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).
    2. Used in 大王 (dàiwáng, “(in operas, old novels, etc.) king; ringleader”).
    3. Used in 大黃大黄 (dàihuáng, “rhubarb”).
    4. Used in 大城 (Dàichéng, “Daicheng, Hebei”).
    5. Alternative form of (to be about to; to intend to)
    6. Alternative form of (dài, dynasty)

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Cantonese) small
      [Cantonese]  ―  gam3 daai6-1 [Jyutping]  ―  so puny

    Pronunciation 4[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“too; so; etc.”).
    (This character is an ancient form of ).
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“big; large; great; extensive; etc.”).
    (This character is an ancient form of ).

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    だい
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    die

    From Middle Chinese (MC dajH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    (だい) (dai-

    1. big, large
      (だい)ピンチ
      dai-pinchi
      tremendous crisis
      (だい)ヒットする
      dai-hitto suru
      to become a smash hit
    2. the large part of
    3. (religion) arch-

    Suffix[edit]

    (だい) (-dai

    1. Abbreviation of 大学 (daigaku, university).
      (とう)(だい)TōdaiTokyo Univ.
      (はん)(だい)HandaiOsaka Univ.
      (ほく)(だい)HokudaiHokkaido Univ.
      (ほく)(りく)(だい)HokurikudaiHokuriku Univ.
    Usage notes[edit]

    This is often the second half of the two-character shorthand name of universities, for example 東大 (Tōdai, Tokyo University). Reading of first character often changes from kun'yomi to on'yomi.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    おお
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /opo//ofo//owo//oː/

    From Old Japanese (opo), from Proto-Japonic *əpə.

    Prefix[edit]

    (おお) (ō-おほ (ofo)?

    1. big; great
      (おお)馬鹿(ばか)
      ō-baka na
      extremely foolish
    Derived terms[edit]
    Related terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC dajH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 땡〮 (Yale: ttáy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 크다 (Yale: khuta) (Yale: tay)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (in 大口, 大邱, 大斗, 大文, and 大田):
    • (big; main; etc.):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (keun dae))

    1. Hanja form? of (large; big). [noun]
    2. Hanja form? of (big, great; main, major). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    (でー) (dē-

    1. big, large

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *opo, from Proto-Japonic *əpə.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    (うふ) (ufu-

    1. big; great
    2. greater
    Derived terms[edit]
    Related terms[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: đại ((đạc)(nại)(thiết))[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: đại[1][2][3][4], đài[1][2], dãy[3][5], dảy[3], đẫy[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of đại (big; great).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]