宇宙

Chinese

FWOTD – 5 November 2014

		room; universe	universe
simp. and trad. (宇宙)		宇	宙

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǔzhòu

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˇ ㄓㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵ zau⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî-chhiu
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄-dêu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ú-tiǔ / ú-tiū / í-tiū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): u² diu⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yu-zeu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǔzhòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˇ ㄓㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǔjhòu
    • Wade–Giles: yü³-chou⁴
    • Yale: yǔ-jòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeujow
    • Palladius: юйчжоу (jujčžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁵ zau⁶
    • Yale: yúh jauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵ dzau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵ zeo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³ t͡sɐu̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-chhiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: i´ qiu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ qiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-chhiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´ qiu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ qiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄-dêu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)liɛu²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú-tiǔ
    • Tâi-lô: ú-tiǔ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /u⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiu²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú-tiū
    • Tâi-lô: ú-tiū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: w'diu
    • IPA (Taipei): /u⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiu³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /u⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiu²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /u⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiu³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-tiū
    • Tâi-lô: í-tiū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: y'diu
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiu²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: u² diu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ú tiŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵²⁻³⁵ tiu³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yu-zeu
    • MiniDict: yu^去 zeu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy-zeu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²² zɤ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: hjuX drjuwH

Rime
Character	宇	宙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	王矩切	直祐切
Baxter	hjuX	drjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨoX/	/ɖɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦioX/	/ɖiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣioX/	/ȡiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuə̆X/	/ɖuwH/
Li Rong	/ɣioX/	/ȡiuH/
Wang Li	/ɣĭuX/	/ȡĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uX/	/ȡʱi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ	zhòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu5	zau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷaʔ  l'ɯwɢs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ/
English	eaves
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宇	宙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15719	15519
Phonetic component	于	由
Rime group	魚	奧
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	羽	胄
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷaʔ/	/*l'ɯwɢs/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 宇宙

1. universe; cosmos; macrocosm; space

   探索宇宙的奧秘／探索宇宙的奥秘  ―  tànsuǒ yǔzhòu de àomì  ―  to explore the mysteries of the universe

2. roof, ridgepole and beams (of a house)

   • 而燕雀佼之，以為不能與之爭於宇宙之間。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     而燕雀佼之，以为不能与之争于宇宙之间。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Ér yànquè jiǎo zhī, yǐwèi bùnéng yǔ zhī zhēng yú yǔzhòu zhījiān. [Pinyin]

     And the swallows and sparrows are complacent, thinking that (the phoenix) cannot compete with them near the roof, ridgepole and beams of a house.

3. heaven and earth; all under heaven; country
4. (infinite) space and time

   • 舜以天下讓善卷，善卷曰：「余立於宇宙之中，冬日衣皮毛，夏日衣葛絺；春耕種，形足以勞動；秋收斂，身足以休息；日出而作，日入而息，逍遙於天地之間而心意自得。吾何以天下為哉？悲夫！子之不知余也！」遂不受。於是去而入深山，莫知其處。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     舜以天下让善卷，善卷曰：「余立于宇宙之中，冬日衣皮毛，夏日衣葛𫄨；春耕种，形足以劳动；秋收敛，身足以休息；日出而作，日入而息，逍遥于天地之间而心意自得。吾何以天下为哉？悲夫！子之不知余也！」遂不受。于是去而入深山，莫知其处。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Shùn yǐ tiānxià ràng Shànjuǎn, Shànjuǎn yuē: “Yú lì yú yǔzhòu zhī zhōng, dōng rì yī pímáo, xià rì yī gěchī; chūn gēngzhòng, xíng zú yǐ láodòng; qiū shōuliǎn, shēn zú yǐ xiūxī; rì chū ér zuò, rì rù ér xī, xiāoyáo yú tiāndì zhījiān ér xīnyì zìdé. Wú héyǐ tiānxià wéi zāi? Bēi fū! Zǐ zhī bù zhī yú yě!” Suì bù shòu. Yúshì qù ér rù shēnshān, mò zhī qí chù. [Pinyin]

     Shun proposed to resign the throne to Shan Juan, who said, 'I am a unit in the midst of space and time. In winter I wear skins and furs; in summer, grass-cloth and linen; in spring I plough and sow, my strength being equal to the toil; in autumn I gather in my harvest, and am prepared to cease from labour and eat. At sunrise I get up and work; at sunset I rest. So do I enjoy myself between heaven and earth, and my mind is content: why should I have anything to do with the throne? Alas! that you, Sir, do not know me better!' Thereupon he declined the proffer, and went away, deep among the hills, no man knew where.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (宇宙):

• → Japanese: 宇宙(うちゅう) (uchū)
• → Korean: 우주(宇宙) (uju)
• → Vietnamese: vũ trụ (宇宙)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
宇	宙
う Grade: 6	ちゅう Grade: 6
on’yomi

Noun

宇(う)宙(ちゅう) • (uchū) 

1. the universe
2. outer space

Derived terms

• アメリカ航空宇宙局(こうくううちゅうきょく) (amerika kōkū uchūkyoku, “the National Aeronautics and Space Administration”)
• 宇宙空間
• 宇宙塵
• 宇宙ステーション
• 宇宙線
• 宇宙船
• 宇宙探査
• 宇宙背景放射
• 宇宙飛行
• 宇宙服
• 宇宙遊泳
• 宇宙論
• 米航空宇宙局
• 大宇宙(だいうちゅう) (daiuchū, “macrocosm”)
• 宇宙(うちゅう)ごみ (uchūgomi)
• 宇宙ロケット
• 宇宙中継
• 宇宙人(うちゅうじん) (uchūjin)
• 宇宙公害
• 宇宙兵器
• 宇宙医学
• 宇宙博
• 宇宙原理
• 宇宙基地
• 宇宙大爆発
• 宇宙学
• 宇宙定数
• 宇宙工学(うちゅうこうがく) (uchū kōgaku, “astronautics”)
• 宇宙帽
• 宇宙旅行
• 宇宙法
• 宇宙物理
• 宇宙産業
• 宇宙病
• 宇宙発生論
• 宇宙科学
• 宇宙航空研究開発機構
• 宇宙観
• 宇宙通信
• 宇宙速度
• 宇宙進化論
• 宇宙酔い
• 宇宙開発
• 宇宙開闢
• 宇宙電波
• 宇宙食
• 小宇宙(しょううちゅう) (shōuchū, “microcosm”)
• 深宇宙
• 航空宇宙技術研究所
• 航空宇宙産業

 

Synonyms

• 天地(てんち) (tenchi, “heaven and earth”)
• 自然(しぜん) (shizen, “nature”)
• 世界(せかい) (sekai, “the world”)
• 万象(ばんしょう) (banshō, “all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature”)
• 万物(ばんぶつ) (banbutsu, “all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature”)

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
宇	宙
ひろ Grade: 6	し Grade: 6

宇(ひろ)宙(し) • (Hiroshi) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja in this term
宇	宙

Noun

宇宙 • (uju) (hangeul 우주)

1. Hanja form^? of 우주 (“outer space; universe; cosmos”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
宇	宙

Noun

宇宙

1. Template:han tu form of