寄
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]寄 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十大一口 (JKMR), four-corner 30621, composition ⿱宀奇)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7203
- Dae Jaweon: page 569, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 937, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5BC4
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
寄 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
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奇 | *kral, *ɡral |
畸 | *kral |
剞 | *kral, *kralʔ |
羇 | *kral |
掎 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰrals |
攲 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰral |
躸 | *kral |
踦 | *kralʔ, *kʰral |
寄 | *krals |
徛 | *krals, *ɡralʔ |
欹 | *kʰral, *qral |
崎 | *kʰral, *ɡɯl |
觭 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ |
碕 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ, *ɡral, *ɡɯl |
綺 | *kʰralʔ |
婍 | *kʰralʔ |
騎 | *ɡral, *ɡrals |
琦 | *ɡral |
鵸 | *ɡral |
錡 | *ɡral, *ɡralʔ, *ŋɡralʔ |
輢 | *ɡrals, *qralʔ, *qrals |
齮 | *ŋɡralʔ |
犄 | *qral |
猗 | *qral, *qralʔ |
椅 | *qral, *qralʔ |
旖 | *qral, *qralʔ |
陭 | *qral, *qrals |
檹 | *qral |
漪 | *qral |
倚 | *qralʔ, *qrals |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *krals) : semantic 宀 (“house”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral) ― living away from home.
Etymology
[edit]- "to commit to one's charge" (Lunyu), "to entrust, communicate" (Liji), > "send (a letter)"
- Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ခိုက် (hkuik, “bring”) & Mizo khai (“to give, to present”)
- "translator, interpreter" > "an alternate name used for the Dongyi tribes during the Ming Dynasty"
- Behr (2004) proposes that 寄 (OC *krals) and its variant 羈 (OC *kral) (used by Gao You when annotating Lüshi Chunqiu) both transcribed an underlying foreign word.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gei3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ki
- Eastern Min (BUC): gié
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei3
- Yale: gei
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei3
- Guangdong Romanization: géi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki
- Hakka Romanization System: gi
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi4
- Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gié
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiɛ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kià - vernacular;
- kì - literary.
- Middle Chinese: kjeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[k](r)aj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*krals/
Definitions
[edit]寄
- to entrust (with a task)
- to depend on; to adhere to
- to live away from home
- to place (temporarily); to put; to deposit
- to express or convey (one's feelings) through a medium, such as the thing one describes, composes or paints
- to transmit (an item) on behalf of another person; to send (now chiefly through mail); to post
- 寄信 ― jìxìn ― to post a letter
- to use temporarily; to borrow
- to grant; to gift; to bestow
- (historical) government official in charge of translating from and into the speech of non-Chinese ethnic groups in China's east (Dongyi)
- 達其志,通其欲:東方曰寄,南方曰象,西方曰狄鞮,北方曰譯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Dá qí zhì, tōng qí yù: dōngfāng yuē jì, nánfāng yuē xiàng, xīfāng yuē dídī, běifāng yuē yì. [Pinyin]
- To make what was in their minds apprehended, and to communicate their likings and desires, (there were officers) - in the east, called transmitters; in the south, representationists; in the west, Di-dis; and in the north, interpreters.
达其志,通其欲:东方曰寄,南方曰象,西方曰狄鞮,北方曰译。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (historical) to send criminals into exile to the remote areas in the east, as a form of punishment
- (of a relative) not biological; adopted
- (historical) an alternate name used for the Dongyi tribes during the Ming Dynasty
- (online gaming slang) gg, defeat
- (Internet slang, by extension) to be defeated
- a surname: Ji
Synonyms
[edit]- (to entrust):
- 付託/付托 (fùtuō)
- 勞慰/劳慰 (nao2 wei4) (Sichuanese, polite)
- 勞累/劳累 (láolèi) (polite)
- 囑託/嘱托 (zhǔtuō)
- 委託/委托 (wěituō)
- 寄託/寄托 (jìtuō)
- 打擾/打扰 (dǎrǎo) (polite)
- 拜託/拜托 (bàituō) (polite)
- 煩/烦 (fán) (polite)
- 相煩/相烦 (xiāngfán) (polite)
- 託付/托付 (tuōfù)
- 託管/托管 (tuōguǎn)
- 辛苦 (xīnkǔ) (polite)
- 麻煩/麻烦 (máfan) (polite)
- 齪嘈/龊嘈 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- (to depend on):
- 仗恃 (zhàngshì) (literary, chiefly derogatory)
- 仰仗 (yǎngzhàng)
- 仰賴/仰赖 (yǎnglài)
- 依 (yī)
- 依仗 (yīzhàng)
- 依倚 (Hokkien)
- 依恃 (yīshì) (literary)
- 依歸/依归 (yīguī) (literary)
- 依託/依托 (yītuō)
- 依賴/依赖 (yīlài)
- 依附 (yīfù)
- 依靠 (yīkào)
- 倚仗 (yǐzhàng)
- 倚倚 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 借助 (jièzhù)
- 倚賴/倚赖 (yǐlài)
- 倚靠 (yǐkào)
- 展品棒 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 怙恃 (hùshì) (literary)
- 憑/凭 (píng)
- 憑仗/凭仗 (píngzhàng)
- 憑依/凭依 (píngyī)
- 憑借/凭借 (píngjiè)
- 憑恃/凭恃 (píngshì)
- 憑靠/凭靠 (píngkào)
- 指 (zhǐ)
- 據/据
- 歸依/归依 (guīyī) (literary)
- 聊 (liáo) (formal)
- 賴/赖 (lài) (literary, or in compounds only)
Compounds
[edit]- 人生如寄
- 劉寄奴/刘寄奴 (liújìnú)
- 單主寄生/单主寄生
- 多蒙寄聲/多蒙寄声
- 如寄
- 客寄
- 家庭寄養/家庭寄养 (jiātíng jìyǎng)
- 寄下
- 寄主 (jìzhǔ)
- 寄乳 (jìrǔ)
- 寄予 (jìyǔ)
- 寄人籬下/寄人篱下 (jìrénlíxià)
- 寄信 (jìxìn)
- 寄傲
- 寄名
- 寄命
- 寄售
- 寄存 (jìcún)
- 寄宿 (jìsù)
- 寄宿學校/寄宿学校 (jìsù xuéxiào)
- 寄宿生 (jìsùshēng)
- 寄寓 (jìyù)
- 寄居 (jìjū)
- 寄居蟹 (jìjūxiè)
- 寄怨
- 寄情 (jìqíng)
- 寄意 (jìyì)
- 寄懷/寄怀
- 寄押
- 寄放 (jìfàng)
- 寄書/寄书 (jìshū)
- 寄書郵/寄书邮
- 寄望 (jìwàng)
- 寄柩
- 寄款
- 寄母 (jìmǔ)
- 寄父 (jìfù)
- 寄生 (jìshēng)
- 寄生動物/寄生动物
- 寄生昆蟲/寄生昆虫
- 寄生植物
- 寄生火山
- 寄生物 (jìshēngwù)
- 寄生菌
- 寄生蜂 (jìshēngfēng)
- 寄生蟲/寄生虫 (jìshēngchóng)
- 寄生蟲病/寄生虫病
- 寄生蠅/寄生蝇
- 寄發/寄发
- 寄監/寄监
- 寄碇
- 寄籍 (jìjí)
- 寄聲/寄声
- 寄興/寄兴
- 寄託/寄托 (jìtuō)
- 寄語/寄语 (jìyǔ)
- 寄費/寄费
- 寄賣/寄卖
- 寄跡/寄迹
- 寄身
- 寄遞/寄递
- 寄附鋪/寄附铺
- 寄頓/寄顿
- 寄顏無所/寄颜无所
- 寄食 (jìshí)
- 寄養/寄养 (jìyǎng)
- 寄養之家/寄养之家
- 戎寄
- 投寄
- 暢寄/畅寄
- 朝寄
- 柱石之寄
- 槲寄生 (hújìshēng)
- 浮生如寄
- 浮生若寄
- 生寄死歸/生寄死归
- 總包寄遞/总包寄递
- 萍寄
- 託孤寄命/托孤寄命
- 詭寄/诡寄
- 身寄虎吻
- 郵寄/邮寄 (yóujì)
- 郵寄炸彈/邮寄炸弹
- 酈寄賣友/郦寄卖友
- 重寄 (chóngjì)
- 閫寄/阃寄
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: gửi
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #7160”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]寄
- to contribute, to donate
- to call on
- to lodge at somebody else's house
- to be dependent on somebody
- to increase, to gain
- to draw near
- to send away
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kun: よる (yoru, 寄る, Jōyō); より (yori, 寄り); よせる (yoseru, 寄せる, Jōyō); よせ (yose, 寄); よそる (yosoru, 寄る); よそう (yosou, 寄う); よそえる (yosoeru, 寄える); よさる (yosaru, 寄さる); よさす (yosasu, 寄さす)
Compounds
[edit]- 寄付 (kifu, “donation”)
- 寄贈 (kizō, “donation”)
- 寄生 (kisei)
- 寄与 (kiyo)
- 寄席 (yoseseki)
- 寄道 (yorimichi)
- 年寄 (toshiyori)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Kunigami
[edit]Kanji
[edit]寄
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]寄
Readings
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]寄: Hán Nôm readings: kí, gửi, ké, kẹ, ký
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Yaeyama
[edit]Kanji
[edit]寄
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