秦

See also: 奉, 奏, and 泰

秦 U+79E6, 秦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79E6 ← 秥 [U+79E5] CJK Unified Ideographs 秧 → [U+79E7]

Translingual

Han character

秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 5090₄, composition ⿱𡗗禾)

Derived characters

• 榛, 䆐, 溱

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 851, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24995
• Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2597, character 5
• Unihan data for U+79E6

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Chinese

trad.		秦
simp. #		秦
alternative forms		𥠼 𣜈 𥘿 𥢮 𥣠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 秦
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (秦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
轃	*ʔsiːn, *ʔsrin
秦	*zin
螓	*zin
臻	*ʔsrin
蓁	*ʔsrin
搸	*ʔsrin
溱	*ʔsrin
榛	*ʔsrin

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form.

According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 秦

1. (～國) State of Qin (in ancient China)

   • 晉侯、秦伯圍鄭，以其無禮於晉，且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵，秦軍氾南。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     晋侯、秦伯围郑，以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也。晋军函陵，秦军氾南。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jìn hóu, Qín bó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě. Jìn jūn Hánlíng, Qín jūn Fánnán. [Pinyin]

     The Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu. Jin armies were stationed at Hanling; Qin armies at Fannan.

2. (～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China
3. Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
4. a surname

   秦良玉  ―  Qín Liángyù  ―  Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Descendants

• → English: Ch'in, Chin, Qin, Tsin
• >? Sanskrit: चीन (cīna)
  • Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
  • → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
    • Classical Persian: چین (čīn)
      • Dari: چین (čīn)
      • Iranian Persian: چین (čin)
      • Tajik: Чин (Čin)
      • → Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)
        • → Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna), Θῖναι (Thînai), Σῖναι (Sînai), Τζίνιστα (Tzínista)
        • → Latin: Sinae
          • → Portuguese: China
            • → Italian: Cina
            • → Sardinian: Cina
            • → English: China
  • → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
    • Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)
    • → Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)
    • → Korean: 지나 (jina)
    • → Vietnamese: Chi Na
  • → Malay: Cina
    • Indonesian: Cina
  • → Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
  • → Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
  • → Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

References

• “秦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02923

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Japanese

Kanji

秦

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. Qin dynasty

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin)
• Sō-on: ちん (chin)
• Kun: はた (hata, 秦)、はたしん (hatashin, 秦)
• Nanori: かな (kana)、たい (tai)、はだ (hada)、ひろ (hiro)、まさ (masa)、やす (yasu)

Compounds

Compounds

• 秦篆(しんてん) (Shinten)
• 秦皮(しんぴ) (shinpi)
• 後秦(こうしん) (Kōshin)
• 西秦(せいしん) (Seishin)
• 先秦(せんしん) (Senshin)
• 前秦(ぜんしん) (Zenshin)
• 太秦(うずまさ) (Uzumasa)
• 秦皮(トネリコ) (toneriko)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
秦
しん Jinmeiyō
kan'on

From Old Japanese 秦 (MC dzin).

Proper noun

秦(しん) or 秦(proper) • (shin or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|しん]]

1. (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China
2. (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
   1. 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE)
   2. 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE)
   3. 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE)
3. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
秦
はた Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

秦(はた) or 秦(proper) • (hata or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|はた]]

1. a place name
2. a surname

Derived terms

• 秦(はたの)公(きみ)寺(でら) (Hatanokimi-dera)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
秦
はたしん Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) + 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”).

The 秦 kanji itself has a kun-reading of はた (hata).

Usage notes

This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 2 above.

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Korean

Hanja

秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)

1. Qin

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Vietnamese

Han character

秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.