na-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Persian نا (na).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): [nɑ]

Prefix

na-

  1. (rarely productive) non-, un-.
    Synonyms: bi-, -siz

Derived terms

Azerbaijani terms prefixed with na-

Chichewa

Pronunciation

Prefix

ná-

  1. Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.

Curripaco

Prefix

na-

  1. third person plural agent marker

References

  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Czech

Etymology

From na.

Prefix

Template:cs-pref

  1. A prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on.
  1. (as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot.
    ‎na- + ‎představovat se (“present onself”) → ‎napředstavovat se (“present oneself many times”)

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with na-

Further reading

Dutch

Etymology

Derived from the preposition na

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Prefix

na-

  1. after

Antonyms

voor-

Derived terms

Dutch terms prefixed with na-

Gunwinggu

Pronunciation

Prefix

na-

  1. male prefix added onto human words.

References

  • Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)

Kambera

Pronoun

na-

  1. third person singular nominative proclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics
Nominative Genitive Accusative Dative
1sg ku- -nggu -ka -ngga
2sg mu- (u-) -mu -kau -nggau
3sg na- -na -ya -nya
1pl.incl ta- -nda -ta -nda
1pl.excl ma- -ma -kama -nggama
2pl mi- (i-) -mi -kami (-kai) -nggami (-nggai)
3pl da- -da -ha -nja

Makasar

Pronunciation

Pronoun

na- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

  1. he, she, it, they (third person singular and plural)

See also

Makasar free and bound pronouns
Independent Absolutive Nominative Possessive
1st sg / 1st pl excl nakke -a' ku- -ku
1st pl excl (archaic) kambe -kang ki- -mang
1st pl incl / 2nd sg polite katte -ki' ki- -ta
2nd sg / pl familiar kau -ko nu- -nu
3rd sg / pl ia -i na- -na

Mwotlap

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *na (article).

Article

na-

  1. a, the (singular article for common nouns)

Morphophonology

  • When followed by a noun starting with a vowel, the vowel of na- is elided:
na- +‎ ēm̄ → nēm̄ (“house”)
  • When followed by a noun starting with a single consonant, na- normally changes its vowel to a clone of the vowel in the next syllable:
na- +‎ bē → nēbē (“water”)
na- +‎ vinhe → nivinhe (“bamboo”)
  • When followed by a noun starting with two underlying consonants, na- normally remains unchanged:
na- +‎ l(ō)qōvēn → nalqōvēn (“woman”)

Semantics

nalqōvēn (“a woman”)
— opp. yoge lōqōvēn (“two women”), tēlge lōqōvēn (“three women”), ige lōqōvēn (“women”).
  • For [-human] referents, the number value of the article is unspecified.
nēbē (“water”)
nēm̄ (“a house, houses; the house, the houses”)

References

Polish

Pronunciation

Prefix

na-

  1. Added to verbs to make them perfective
    ‎na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać
  2. Added to verbs to mean onto
    ‎na- + ‎położyć → ‎nałożyć

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with na-

Further reading

  • na- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • na- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.

Pronunciation

Prefix

na-

  1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
    1. (no change in meaning)
      ‎na- + ‎pisáti (“to write”) → ‎napisáti (“to write”)
    2. onto, into
      ‎na- + ‎líti (“to pour”) → ‎nalíti (“to pour in”)
    3. a little, to begin to
      ‎na- + ‎krivīti (“to bend”) → ‎nakrivīti (“to bend a little”)
      ‎na- + ‎gníti (“to rot”) → ‎nagníti (“to begin to rot”)
    4. enough of, a sufficient amount of
      ‎na- + ‎cepīti (“to chop”) → ‎nacepīti (“to chop enough of”)
    5. (reflexive) excessively, thoroughly
      ‎na- + ‎píti (“to drink”) → ‎napíti (“to drink one's fill, get drunk”)

Derived terms

Slovene terms prefixed with na-

Tagalog

Prefix

na-

  1. Used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-

Prefix

ná-

  1. (Batangas) Used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-
    Nakain siya ng isda.
    He/She is eating fish

Usage notes

The Batangas dialect prefix, when written, is generally a source of confusion and mockery for the majority of Tagalog speakers, but the two actually differ by pronunciation. The na-, where it indicates a perfective aspect, is pronounced without stress, while the na- prefix, where it indicates a progressive aspect in the Batangas dialect, is pronounced with stress.

Derived terms

Tagalog terms prefixed with na-

Ternate

Pronoun

na-

  1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
    Synonym: nga-
  2. second-person plural possessive prefix, your
    Synonym: nia-
  3. (human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their
    Synonym: nga-

See also

Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

References

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Etymology

From Persian نا (na).

Prefix

na-

  1. (rarely productive) non-, un-.
    Synonym: -siz

Derived terms

Turkish terms prefixed with na-

West Makian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Ternate na- (“our”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

na-

  1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our

Usage notes

The possessive prefix na- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, or no-.

Alternative forms

See also

West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
1st person plural exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

na-

  1. second-person singular clitic, you
    noco ― you see

Usage notes

The prefix na- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, no-, or nu-.

Alternative forms

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[1], Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

Preposition

na-

  1. with, in company of
  2. (with subject concord) to have

Conjunction

na-

  1. and (joining individual words)

Zulu

Pronunciation

Preposition

na-

  1. with, in company of
  2. (with subject concord) to have

Usage notes

The meaning "have" can be analysed more literally as "to be with". In the negative, a- is prefixed to the subject concord, and the initial vowel of the noun prefix is dropped:

  • Nginekati. ― I have a cat.
  • Anginakati. ― I don't have a cat.

Conjunction

na-

  1. and (joining individual words)
    Synonym: futhi
  2. also, too
    Synonym: futhi
  3. even (implying an extreme example)

References

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