愛
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
愛 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月月心水 (BBPE), four-corner 20247, composition ⿳爫冖𢖻)
Derived characters
- 僾(𫣊), 噯(嗳), 嬡(嫒), 懓(𭞄), 曖(暧), 燰(𬊺), 璦(瑷), 皧, 瞹, 薆(𫉁), 鑀, 靉(叆), 鱫, 𣜬(𪳗), 𤻅, 𥖦, 𥣁, 𥴨(𫂖), 𦆔, 𦡝(𫆫), 𧓁, 𧞇, 𨙤, 𨣥, 𩡣(𩡖), 𪇈, 𪒱, 𭩊, 𮙀
Related characters
Descendants
- 𛀃 (Hentaigana)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10947
- Dae Jaweon: page 732, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2323, character 1
- Unihan data for U+611B
Chinese
trad. | 愛 | |
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simp. | 爱 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 愛 | |
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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Originally 㤅, a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qɯːds) : phonetic 旡 (OC *kɯds) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
As early as the Qin dynasty, a meaningless component 夊 (“foot”) was added to the bottom of the character, as with some other characters depicting people. Compare 憂 (from 㥑).
Further corruption turned the original phonetic 旡 into ⿱爫冖.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋ-(w)aːj (“to copulate; to love; to be gentle”) (STEDT). Compare Proto-Karen *ʔai (“to love”), whence Pa'o Karen [script needed] (ʔái, “to love”), S'gaw Karen အဲၣ် (ʼeh̀, “to love”); Southern Bai e⁴⁴ (“love”); Mizo hma-ngaih (“to love, to like”); Jingpho nwai (“to respect, to love”), ngwi (“to be gentle”); Burmese [script needed] (ŋwé, “to be gentle, moderate”). The Chinese word is related to a Tibeto-Burman allofam without initial *ŋ-.
Pronunciation
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Definitions
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%E6%84%9B%E2%9D%A4.jpg/220px-%E6%84%9B%E2%9D%A4.jpg)
- to love
- to treasure; to value
- to like; to be fond of; to be keen on
- to be prone; to be easy to
- love; affection
- love; benevolence
- something one loves; someone whom one loves
- Honorific for someone else's daughter; variant of 嬡/嫒 (ài).
- affectionate
- beloved
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Wu) to want (an object)
- (Hakka, Min) to want (to do)
- (Hakka, Min) to need to; must
- 有一點愛注意的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- Ū chi̍t tiám ài chù-ì--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- There's one thing you must bear in mind.
有一点爱注意的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
Usage notes
- When used for people, 愛/爱 usually refers to romantic love. When used like this, older Mandarin speakers often describe the use of this term as overly 肉麻 (ròumá, “cheesy”). For this reason, the word 喜歡/喜欢 (xǐhuan, “to like”) might be used instead. Using the word 喜歡/喜欢 (xǐhuan) literally means like, but when used in a romantic context (especially boyfriend/girlfriend), it actually means love. However, younger Mandarin speakers seem to have been influenced somewhat by Western culture, and are now using the verb 愛/爱 much more often than was socially acceptable in the past.
Descendants
Compounds
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Further reading
- “Entry #9456”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: あい (ai, Jōyō); お (o)
- Kan-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)
- Kun: いつくしむ (itsukushimu, 愛しむ); いとしい (itoshii, 愛しい); いとおしむ (itooshimu, 愛おしむ); おしむ (oshimu, 愛しむ); まな (mana, 愛); めでる (mederu, 愛でる)
- Nanori: あ (a); あい (ai); あし (ashi); え (e); かな (kana); なる (naru); めぐ (megu); めぐみ (megumi); よし (yoshi); ちか (chika)
Compounds
- 愛玩 (aigan)
- 愛機 (aiki)
- 愛敬 (aikyō)
- 愛顧 (aiko)
- 愛護 (aigo)
- 愛国 (aikoku)
- 愛妻 (aisai, “one's beloved wife”)
- 愛児 (aiji)
- 愛車 (aisha, “one's beloved car”)
- 愛社 (aisha)
- 愛唱 (aishō)
- 愛称 (aishō)
- 愛人 (aijin)
- 愛想 (aisō)
- 愛憎 (aizō)
- 愛着 (aichaku, “affection (to things)”)
- 愛鳥 (aichō)
- 愛読 (aidoku, “loving to read”)
- 愛用 (aiyō, “loving to use”)
- 性愛 (seiai, “eros”)
- 聖愛 (seiai, “pure love”)
- 寵愛 (chōai)
- 可愛い (kawaii)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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愛 |
あい Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 愛 (MC 'ojH).
Compare modern Mandarin 愛/爱 (ài).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- love
- 愛は強く。
- Ai wa tsuyoku.
- The love is strong.
- 愛は強く。
- affection
- Synonym: 愛情 (aijō)
- tenderness
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.- Synonym: 愛想 (aiso)
- (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - (Christianity) agape
Synonyms
- (love, generally more passionate or erotic): 恋 (koi), 恋愛 (ren'ai)
Derived terms
Proper noun
- a female given name
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Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
愛 |
まな Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Originally a compound of 真 (ma, “true, genuine”) + な (na), an Old Japanese version of modern Japanese の (no, possessive particle).[1]
The use of 愛 here is an example of ateji (当て字).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Prefix
- before a common noun, expresses a sense of admiration or value: good, genuine; compare English the real deal
- before a noun describing a person, expresses praise or fondness: dear, beloved
Derived terms
Noun
Proper noun
- a female given name
Etymology 3
Used as ateji in various names. 愛 is a very common element in many, many names.
Proper noun
愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 • (Azumi or Āi or Aika or Aisu or Aki or Ako or Amika or Aoi or Arisa or Aya or Ayu or Chigiri or Chika or Chikashi or Erina or Hāto or Hikari or Ito or Itoshi or Itsumi or Izumi or Kana or Kanae or Kanasa or Kizuna or Kokoro or Konomu or Madoka or Manabu or Manami or Mezuru or Mego or Megu or Megumi or Megumu or Mei or Naru or Naruko or Nozomi or Rabu or Rui or Sara or Saran or Tsugumi or Tsukumi or Ui or Yoshi or Yoshiki or Yoshimi)
- a female given name
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
Compounds
- 가애 (可愛, gaae)
- 경애 (敬愛, gyeong'ae)
- 동성애 (同性愛, dongseong'ae)
- 무성애 (無性愛, museong'ae)
- 애견 (愛犬, aegyeon)
- 애고 (愛顧, aego)
- 애교 (愛嬌, aegyo)
- 애국 (愛國, aeguk)
- 애독 (愛讀, aedok)
- 애마 (愛馬, aema)
- 애무 (愛撫, aemu)
- 애식 (愛息, aesik)
- 애완동물 (愛玩動物, aewandongmul)
- 애인 (愛人, aein)
- 애장판 (愛藏版, aejangpan)
- 애정 (愛情, aejeong)
- 애증 (愛憎, aejeung)
- 애차 (愛車, aecha)
- 애착 (愛着, aechak)
- 애처 (愛妻, aecheo)
- 애칭 (愛稱, aeching)
- 애호 (愛好, aeho)
- 애호 (愛護, aeho)
- 이성애 (異性愛, iseong'ae)
- 자기애 (自己愛, jagiae)
- 친애 (親愛, chinae)
- 할애 (割愛, harae)
Okinawan
Kanji
Readings
Old Japanese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Originally a compound of 眞 (ma, “true, genuine”) + な (na, apophonic form of possessive particle の (no2)).
Noun
愛 (mana) (kana まな)
- something dear or loved
-
- 安志比奇乃夜末佐波妣登乃比登佐波爾麻奈登伊布児我安夜爾可奈思佐
- asi-pi1ki2 no2 yamasapabi1to2 no2 pi1to2 sapa ni mana to2 ipu ko1 ga aya ni kanasisa
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
-
Derived terms
Descendants
- Japanese: 愛 (mana-)
Vietnamese
Han character
愛: Hán Việt readings: ái[1][2][3][4][5], áy[4]
愛: Nôm readings: ái[1][2][3][4][5][6], áy[1][2][3][4][5][6], ải[1]
Compounds
References
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Cantonese Chinese
- Hakka Chinese
- Wu Chinese
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Min Chinese
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Chinese surnames
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fourth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading あい
- Japanese kanji with goon reading お
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading あい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いつく・しむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いと・しい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いと・おしむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading お・しむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まな
- Japanese kanji with kun reading め・でる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading え
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かな
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading めぐ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading めぐみ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ちか
- Japanese terms spelled with 愛 read as あい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 愛
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Buddhism
- ja:Christianity
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese terms spelled with 愛 read as まな
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms spelled with ateji
- Japanese prefixes
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Okinawan kanji
- Okinawan fourth grade kanji
- Okinawan kyōiku kanji
- Okinawan jōyō kanji
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading かな・さん
- Old Japanese compound terms
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese nouns
- Old Japanese terms with usage examples
- Old Japanese prefixes
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom