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Template:character info/new

Translingual

Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 61, +9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月月心水 (BBPE), four-corner 20247, composition 𢖻)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10947
  • Dae Jaweon: page 732, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2323, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+611B

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Originally , a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *qɯːds) : phonetic (OC *kɯds) + semantic (heart).

As early as the Qin dynasty, a meaningless component (“foot”) was added to the bottom of the character, as with some other characters depicting people. Compare (from ).

Further corruption turned the original phonetic into ⿱爫冖.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋ-(w)aːj (to copulate; to love; to be gentle) (STEDT). Compare Proto-Karen *ʔai (to love), whence Pa'o Karen [script needed] (ʔái, to love), S'gaw Karen အဲၣ် (ʼeh̀, to love); Southern Bai e⁴⁴ (love); Mizo hma-ngaih (to love, to like); Jingpho nwai (to respect, to love), ngwi (to be gentle); Burmese [script needed] (ŋwé, to be gentle, moderate). The Chinese word is related to a Tibeto-Burman allofam without initial *ŋ-.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. to love
      ―  ài nǐ.  ―  I love you.
      ―  ài tā ma?  ―  Do you love him?
  2. to treasure; to value
  3. to like; to be fond of; to be keen on
    說話说话  ―  ài shuōhuà.  ―  He likes to talk.
    豬肉猪肉  ―  Wǒ bù ài chī zhūròu.  ―  I don't like to eat pork.
  4. to be prone; to be easy to
    發脾氣发脾气  ―  ài fāpíqì  ―  to be short-tempered
    生鏽生锈  ―  Tiě ài shēngxiù.  ―  Iron rusts easily.
  5. love; affection
      ―  ài guó  ―  patriotism
  6. love; benevolence
    人間人间  ―  yí'àirénjiān  ―  to leave love behind
  7. something one loves; someone whom one loves
      ―  gē'ài  ―  to sacrifice something one loves to someone else
  8. Honorific for someone else's daughter; variant of (ài).
      ―  lìng'ài  ―  your precious daughter
  9. affectionate
      ―  àiqíng  ―  love
  10. beloved
      ―  ài  ―  beloved wife
  11. (Cantonese, Hakka, Wu) to want (an object)
    咁多 [Cantonese, trad.]
    咁多 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 m4 oi3 gam3 do1. [Jyutping]
    I don't want that much.
  12. (Hakka, Min) to want (to do)
  13. (Hakka, Min) to need to; must
    注意 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    注意 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Ū chi̍t tiám ài chù-ì--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    There's one thing you must bear in mind.
  14. a surname

Synonyms

Usage notes

  • When used for people, usually refers to romantic love. When used like this, older Mandarin speakers often describe the use of this term as overly 肉麻 (ròumá, “cheesy”). For this reason, the word 喜歡喜欢 (xǐhuan, “to like”) might be used instead. Using the word 喜歡喜欢 (xǐhuan) literally means like, but when used in a romantic context (especially boyfriend/girlfriend), it actually means love. However, younger Mandarin speakers seem to have been influenced somewhat by Western culture, and are now using the verb much more often than was socially acceptable in the past.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (あい) (ai)
  • Korean: 애(愛) (ae)
  • Vietnamese: ái ()

Compounds

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Further reading

(deprecated template usage)


Japanese

Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
あい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC 'ojH).

Compare modern Mandarin (ài).

Pronunciation

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Noun

(あい) (ai

  1. love
    (あい)(つよ)く。
    Ai wa tsuyoku.
    The love is strong.
  2. affection
    Synonym: 愛情 (aijō)
  3. tenderness
  4. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Synonym: 愛想 (aiso)
  5. (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  6. (Christianity) agape
Synonyms
Derived terms

Proper noun

(あい) (Ai

  1. a female given name
  2. Lua error in Module:names at line 629: dot= and nodot= are no longer supported in Template:surname because a trailing period is no longer added by default; if you want it, add it explicitly after the template

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
まな
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Originally a compound of (ma, true, genuine) +‎ (na), an Old Japanese version of modern Japanese (no, possessive particle).[1]

The use of here is an example of ateji (当て字).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Prefix

(まな) (mana-

  1. before a common noun, expresses a sense of admiration or value: good, genuine; compare English the real deal
  2. before a noun describing a person, expresses praise or fondness: dear, beloved
Derived terms

Noun

(まな) (mana

  1. (archaic, derived from prefix sense) something dear or loved

Proper noun

(まな) (Mana

  1. a female given name

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names. is a very common element in many, many names.

Proper noun

(あづみ) or (ああい) or (あいか) or (あいす) or (あき) or (あこ) or (あみか) or (あおい) or (ありさ) or (あや) or (あゆ) or (ちぎり) or (ちか) or (ちかし) or (えりな) or (はあと) or (ひかり) or (いと) or (いとし) or (いつみ) or (いずみ) or (かな) or (かなえ) or (かなさ) or (きずな) or (こころ) or (このむ) or (まどか) or (まなぶ) or (まなみ) or (めづる) or (めご) or (めぐ) or (めぐみ) or (めぐむ) or (めい) or (なる) or (なるこ) or (のぞみ) or (らぶ) or (るい) or (さら) or (さらん) or (つぐみ) or (つくみ) or (うい) or (よし) or (よしき) or (よしみ) (Azumi or Āi or Aika or Aisu or Aki or Ako or Amika or Aoi or Arisa or Aya or Ayu or Chigiri or Chika or Chikashi or Erina or Hāto or Hikari or Ito or Itoshi or Itsumi or Izumi or Kana or Kanae or Kanasa or Kizuna or Kokoro or Konomu or Madoka or Manabu or Manami or Mezuru or Mego or Megu or Megumi or Megumu or Mei or Naru or Naruko or Nozomi or Rabu or Rui or Sara or Saran or Tsugumi or Tsukumi or Ui or Yoshi or Yoshiki or Yoshimi

  1. a female given name

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 사랑 (sarang ae))

  1. hanja form? of (love)

Compounds


Okinawan

Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings


Old Japanese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Originally a compound of (ma, true, genuine) +‎ (na, apophonic form of possessive particle (no2)).

Noun

(mana) (kana まな)

  1. something dear or loved
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3462:
      安志比奇乃夜末佐波妣登乃比登佐波爾麻奈登伊布児我安夜爾可奈思佐
      asi-pi1ki2 no2 yamasapabi1to2 no2 pi1to2 sapa ni mana to2 ipu ko1 ga aya ni kanasisa
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: (mana-)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: ái[1][2][3][4][5], áy[4]
: Nôm readings: ái[1][2][3][4][5][6], áy[1][2][3][4][5][6], ải[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of ái (love).
  2. Nôm form of áy (troubled; anxious).

Compounds

References