柄

Translingual

Han character

柄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木一人月 (DMOB), four-corner 4192₇, composition ⿰木丙)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14603
• Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1179, character 2
• Unihan data for U+67C4

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		柄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
更	*kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳	*kraːŋ
埂	*kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭	*kraːŋ
稉	*kraːŋ
梗	*kraːŋʔ
哽	*kraːŋʔ
綆	*kraːŋʔ
鯁	*kraːŋʔ
挭	*kraːŋʔ
骾	*kraːŋʔ
郠	*kraːŋʔ
硬	*ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕	*ŋɡraːŋs
丙	*pqraŋʔ
炳	*praŋʔ
邴	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪	*praŋʔ
蛃	*praŋʔ
昺	*praŋʔ
昞	*praŋʔ
窉	*praŋʔ
柄	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵	*praŋs
寎	*praŋs
病	*braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) – a wooden handle.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǐng, bìng (bing³, bing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˇ, ㄅㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): beng³ / bing³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pìⁿ / pèⁿ / pèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bên³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǐng
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǐng
    • Wade–Giles: ping³
    • Yale: bǐng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biing
    • Palladius: бин (bin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bìng
    • Wade–Giles: ping⁴
    • Yale: bìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binq
    • Palladius: бин (bin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: beng³ / bing³
    • Yale: beng / bing
    • Cantonese Pinyin: beng³ / bing³
    • Guangdong Romanization: béng³ / bing³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛːŋ³³/, /pɪŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pìⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: pìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pĩ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pĩ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pĩ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pèⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: pènn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvex
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ̃²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pèng
    • Tâi-lô: pìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pexng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ²¹/

Note:

• pìⁿ/pèⁿ - vernacular;
• pèng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bên³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pèⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pẽ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: pjaengH

Rime
Character	柄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陂病切
Baxter	pjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚiaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/piaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piajŋH/
Li Rong	/piɐŋH/
Wang Li	/pĭɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bing3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[p]raŋʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praŋʔ/, /*praŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bìng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjængH ›
Old Chinese	/*[p]raŋʔ-s/
English	handle (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柄	柄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	892	893
Phonetic component	丙	丙
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	丙	柄
Old Chinese	/*praŋʔ/	/*praŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 柄

1. handle (of an axe, implement, etc.)

   手柄  ―  shǒubǐng  ―  handle

   椅柄 [Cantonese]  ―  ji¹ beng³ [Jyutping]  ―  seat handle

2. stem (of a flower, leaf, fruit, etc.)
3. mistake which can be used against someone
4. (literary) power; authority
5. (literary) to wield; to be in control of
6. (Cantonese, transitive) to hide
7. (dialectal) Classifier for something with a handle.

References

• “柄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

柄

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. a handle, lever, knob
2. a design or pattern
3. one's build or character

Readings

• Go-on: ひょう (hyō)^{←ひやう (fyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ひ (hi)
• Kun: え (e, 柄, Jōyō)^{←え (e, 柄, historical)←𛀁 (ye, 柄, ancient)}; かび (kabi, 柄); かい (kai, 柄); から (kara, 柄); がら (gara, 柄, Jōyō); つか (tsuka, 柄); つく (tsuku, 柄)
• Nanori: から (kara); ら (ra)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
柄
え Grade: S
kun’yomi

Change in meaning from 枝 (e, historically ye, “branch, stem”).

Noun

柄(え) • (e) 

1. a handle, a grip, a shaft, a haft

   大(おお)鎌(がま)の柄(え)

   ōgama no e

   a snath, a scythe shaft

Synonyms

• 取(と)っ手(て), 取(とっ)手(て), 把(とっ)手(て) (totte)

Idioms

• 柄(え)の無(な)い所(ところ)に柄(え)をすげる (e no nai tokoro ni e o sugeru): “to attach a handle where there isn't one” → to strain credibility with one's words, to talk out one's ass

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
柄
かび Grade: S
kun’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Used in the Kojiki. Generally regarded as cognate with 黴 (kabi, “mold”), from the shared idea of sprouts or shoots. Appears to be noun stem of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese verb かぶ (kabu) (source of modern Japanese 黴る, kabiru, “to go moldy”), with probable original meaning of to sprout.

Alternative forms

• 穎

Noun

柄(かび) • (kabi) 

1. (archaic) a sprout
2. (archaic) an ear of grain, particularly of rice
3. (archaic) the handle or grip of a tool, or hilt of a blade (by extension from the idea of “a smaller portion sticking out from the main body” like a sprout)

Usage notes

The grain sense is more commonly spelled 穎.

Synonyms

• (sprout): 芽(め) (me)
• (ear of grain): 穂(ほ) (ho), 穂(ほ)先(さき) (hosaki)
• (handle): 柄(つか) (tsuka) (see below)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
柄
かい Grade: S
kun’yomi

/kabi/ → /kai/

Alteration of kabi.

Alternative forms

• 穎

Noun

柄(かい) • (kai) ^{←かひ (kafi)?}

1. (archaic) see kabi above

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
柄
から Grade: S
kun’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Origin of particle から (kara, “from, because”).

Suffix

柄(から) or 柄(suffix) • (kara or suffix) [[Category:Japanese
|から]]

1. of the same lineage
2. the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing

Usage notes

The lineage sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the first few of the following.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• (lineage): 同胞(はらから) (harakara): “of the (same) belly” → a sibling, more specifically a sibling from the same mother
• (lineage): 族(やから) (yakara): “of the (same) house” → a family member
• (lineage): 親族(うから) (ukara): “of the (same) parents/ancestors” → a blood relative
• (qualities): 神柄(かみから) (kamikara), 神柄(かむから) (kamukara): the true nature of a god
• (qualities): 山柄(やまから) (yamakara): the nature or characteristics of a mountain

Noun

柄(から) • (kara) 

1. (archaic) (by extension from the qualities sense) an origin or source, a reason for something

Usage notes

Often followed by the particle に (ni). This usage evolved into the modern particle から (kara, “from, because”).

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
柄
から Grade: S
kun’yomi

In light of the stem sense, probably derived semantically from origin, source meanings.

Alternative forms

• 幹

Counter

柄(から) or 柄(counter) • (kara or counter) [[Category:Japanese
|から]]

1. used to count items with shafts

Noun

柄(から) • (kara) 

1. the trunk or stem of a plant
2. the shaft of an arrow
3. the shaft, haft, or handle of a tool

Prefix

柄(から) or 柄(prefix) • (kara or prefix) [[Category:Japanese
|から]]

1. describes something with a stem, shaft, or handle

Usage notes

The shaft sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the following, which are often spelled with other kanji.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 柄臼(からうす), 唐臼(からうす), 碓(からうす) (karausu): a kind of mortar and pestle with the pestle mounted on a long shaft for leverage
• 柄(から)秤(はかり), 唐(から)秤(はかり), 権(から)衡(はかり) (karahakari): a balance scale (as opposed to a spring scale)
• 柄(から)秤(ばかり), 唐(から)秤(ばかり), 権(から)衡(ばかり) (karabakari): same as above
• 柄楫(からかじ), 唐楫(からかじ) (karakaji): a tiller with a shafted handle
• 柄鋤(からすき), 唐鋤(からすき), 犂(からすき) (karasuki): a plow (literally, “a spade on a long shaft”)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
柄
がら Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alteration of kara, “qualities, characteristics”. Originally only found as a suffix. The kara changes to gara as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The rendaku pronunciation was then later used independently.

Suffix

柄(がら) or 柄(suffix) • (gara or suffix) [[Category:Japanese
|から']]

1. the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing
2. a shape, pattern, or design

Derived terms

Derived terms

• (qualities): 国(くに)柄(がら) (kunigara): a nation's (good) qualities; the state of a nation
• (qualities): 人(ひと)柄(がら) (hitogara): a person's character
• (qualities): 家(いえ)柄(がら) (iegara): a family's or household's station or standing in society
• (qualities): 続(つづき)柄(がら), 続(つづ)き柄(がら) (tsuzukigara): one's immediate relations, such as parents or siblings
• (qualities): 場(ば)所(しょ)柄(がら) (bashogara): the qualities of a place; that which is appropriate or suitable for a place
• (qualities): 時(じ)節(せつ)柄(がら) (jisetsugara): the qualities of a time or season; that which is appropriate or suitable for a time or season
• (shape): 花(はな)柄(がら) (hanagara): a flower pattern

Noun

柄(がら) • (gara) 

1. one's physical shape or build

   柄(がら)の大(おお)きいやつだな。

   Gara no ōkii yatsu da na.

   Wow, he's sure built big.

2. one's character, personality, or temperament

   柄(がら)の悪(わる)い人(ひと)

   gara no warui hito

   a person with a bad character

3. a pattern or design, such as on cloth

   あの柄(がら)は派手過(はです)ぎるよ。

   Ano gara wa hade-sugiru yo.

   That pattern is way too colorful.

Synonyms

• (build): 体(から)付(だつ)き, 体(から)付(だつき) (karadatsuki); なり (nari)
• (pattern): 模(も)様(よう) (moyō)

Idioms

• 柄(がら)にもない (gara ni mo nai): “not even in one's character” → just not in one, just not suitable for one's character or abilities

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
柄
つか Grade: S
kun’yomi

Cognate with 束 (tsuka, ancient unit of length, equivalent to the amount covered from pinky to forefinger when gripping something; analogous to English hand).

Both likely derive from verb 付く (tsuku, “to set to, to attach, to accompany”), particularly as seen in modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Japanese idioms such as 手を付ける (te o tsukeru, “to set one's hand to something”), 手が付く (te ga tsuku, “to start using something”, literally “one's hand sets on something”).

Alternative forms

• 欛

Noun

柄(つか) • (tsuka) 

1. the hilt of a sword or knife, or the grip of a bow or staff
2. the portion of a brush pen held in the hand
3. a penis

Idioms

• 柄(つか)を握(にぎ)る (tsuka o nigiru): “to hold the grip” → to stay the course in a career or trade and become an old master
• 柄(つか)を取(と)る (tsuka o toru): “to take the grip” → to stay the course in a career or trade and become an old master

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
柄
つく Grade: S
kun’yomi

Nominalization of verb 付く (tsuku, “to attach”).

Alternative forms

• 銑, 釻

Noun

柄(つく) • (tsuku) 

1. the nock on either end of a bow where the bowstring rests
2. a bent nail or other kind of spike attached to or driven through an iron staff or a truncheon to make the weapon more dangerous
3. the areas on either end of a yoke or other carrying pole where cordage or rope is attached, from which the load is carried
4. the grip of a tiller, boathook, or other pole
5. (as a pun on the verb sense of stick to, attach) a female entertainer's or prostitute's secret lover

Usage notes

The grip sense is not spelled using the alternative forms, and is only spelled 柄 in kanji.

Synonyms

• (secret male lover): 隠(かく)し男(おとこ), 隠(かくし)男(おとこ) (kakushi otoko)

Etymology 9

Kanji in this term
柄
ほぞ Grade: S
irregular

Ateji or misspelling for uncommon 表外字 (hyōgaiji, “off-the-chart character”, in reference to the chart of official educational kanji) character 枘 (hozo, “navel”, also generic term for something that protrudes slightly). Note that the right half of 柄 is 丙, with a top bar, while the right half of 枘 is 内, without a top bar.

Alternative forms

• 枘, 臍, 蔕

Noun

柄(ほぞ) • (hozo) 

1. a tenon, as in a mortise and tenon carpentry join
2. (slang) a penis

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Korean

Hanja

柄 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

柄: Hán Nôm readings: bính

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.