累
See also: 纍
Template:character info/new Template:character info/new
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
累 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 60903, composition ⿱田糸)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 919, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
- Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7D2F
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 摞 | *roːl, *roːls |
| 騾 | *roːl |
| 螺 | *roːl |
| 蔂 | *roːl, *rul |
| 虆 | *roːl, *rul |
| 瘰 | *roːlʔ |
| 礌 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 雷 | *ruːl |
| 擂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 攂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 礧 | *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 儡 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 瓃 | *ruːl, *rul, *ruls |
| 櫑 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鑘 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鐳 | *ruːl |
| 畾 | *ruːl |
| 轠 | *ruːl, *rulʔ |
| 罍 | *ruːl |
| 蕾 | *ruːlʔ |
| 癗 | *ruːlʔ |
| 磥 | *ruːlʔ |
| 累 | *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols |
| 儽 | *ruːls, *rul |
| 樏 | *rolʔ, *rul |
| 鸓 | *rul, *rulʔ |
| 嫘 | *rul |
| 纍 | *rul, *ruls |
| 欙 | *rul |
| 纝 | *rul |
| 壘 | *rulʔ |
| 櫐 | *rulʔ |
| 蘽 | *rulʔ |
| 藟 | *rulʔ |
| 讄 | *rulʔ |
Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田) while women sewed (糸).
Etymology
Various semantic fields can be distinguished:
- “to add; to accumulate”
- Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ, “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ) (Wang, 1982).
- “to damage; exhausted; tired”
- Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul, “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls, “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ (ruəy, “tired; exhausted”), Mizo rawih (“weak; worn out; broken down”), Tibetan རུལ (rul, “to decay; to rot”), འབྲུལ ('brul, “to fall; to come out”), ཧྲུལ་པོ (hrul po, “torn; ragged”), སྲུལ (srul, “(archaic) to rot; to decompose”) (ibid.).
- “to bind; to wind around”
- See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls).
Pronunciation 1
| trad. | 累/纍* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 累 | |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lûi
- Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̆
- Eastern Min (BUC): lūi
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lúi
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6le
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
- Wade–Giles: lei3
- Yale: lěi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
- Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: leoi5
- Yale: léuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: loey5
- Guangdong Romanization: lêu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵy̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lûi
- Hakka Romanization System: lui´
- Hagfa Pinyim: lui1
- Sinological IPA: /lu̯i²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /ly²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lūi
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ui³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 累 (累積) |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /lei²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /lei²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /lei¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /luei⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /le⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /luɨ⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /luei⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /luei⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nei⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /nuei⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /nuei⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /luəi²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /le²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /luei⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /le²³/ |
| Suzhou | /le̞⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /lei⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /lai³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /le³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /lei⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /nəi⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lui²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lui⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /løy²³/ |
| Nanning | /lui²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /løy²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lui⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /luɔi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ly²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /lui⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /lui²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ljweX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ojʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rolʔ/
Definitions
- † to pile up; to heap up; to mount up; to accumulate
- † repeated; numerous; unremitting; continuous; persistent
- † to repeat; to replicate; to overlap
- † to add (to); to increase; to grow
- † to amount (to); to sum up (to)
- † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 絫 (lěi, “ancient weight unit”).
- a surname
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
| trad. | 累/纍* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 累 | |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lui
- Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̄
- Eastern Min (BUC): lôi
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lūi
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6le
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lèi
- Wade–Giles: lei4
- Yale: lèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ley
- Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /leɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
- Wade–Giles: lei3
- Yale: lěi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
- Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: léi
- Wade–Giles: lei2
- Yale: léi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lei
- Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /leɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note:
- “To implicate”, “burden” and “to damage”:
- lěi (Mainland standard, Taiwan variant);
- lèi (Taiwan standard).
- 累贅:
- léi (Mainland standard, Taiwan variant);
- lěi (Taiwan standard).
- All other senses:
- lèi.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: leoi6
- Yale: leuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: loey6
- Guangdong Romanization: lêu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵy̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lui
- Hakka Romanization System: lui
- Hagfa Pinyim: lui4
- Sinological IPA: /lu̯i⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /ly⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lôi
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ui²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 累 (連累) |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /lei⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /lei⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /lei⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /luei²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /le⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /luei³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /luei⁰/ | |
| Xining | /luɨ⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /luei¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /luei¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /luei²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /nei³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /nuei¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /nuei²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /luei²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /luəi⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /le⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /luei⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /luei³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /luei⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /le²³/ |
| Suzhou | /le̞³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /lei¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /lai³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /le²²/ |
| Tunxi | /li¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lei⁵⁵/ /lei¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /nəi²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lui²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lui⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /lui⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /løy²²/ |
| Nanning | /lui²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /løy²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lui²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /luɔi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ly⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /lui³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /lui³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ljweH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*rols/
Definitions
- † to involve; to implicate; to embroil; to entangle; to hinder
- † burden; tribulation; affliction; problem
- † to damage; to hurt; to do harm to; to stain; to sully
- † to entrust; to delegate; to devolve
- to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)
- † suffering; misery; harm; disaster
- † fault; crime; slip; defect
- to strain; to wear out; to overwork; to overtax
- tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted
- (of work) hard; tiring; hardworking
- † verbose; long-winded; unnecessary; superfluous
- † wife and children; one's family
Synonyms
- (tired):
Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
Compounds
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Pronunciation 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍 (“rope; to tie; bull in mating season”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 纍). |
Notes:
|
Pronunciation 4
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lyù
- Wade–Giles: lü4
- Yale: lyù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuh
- Palladius: люй (ljuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ly⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
Pronunciation 5
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: liè
- Wade–Giles: lieh4
- Yale: lyè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lieh
- Palladius: ле (le)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 肥累.
Pronunciation 6
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
- Wade–Giles: lei3
- Yale: lěi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
- Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: luǒ
- Wade–Giles: lo3
- Yale: lwǒ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoo
- Palladius: ло (lo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu̯ɔ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
Japanese
Kanji
累
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
- Go-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (rwi, historical)
- Kan-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (rwi, historical)
- Kun: かさね (kasane, 累); かさねる (kasaneru, 累ねる); しばる (shibaru, 累る); わずらわせ (wazurawase, 累わせ)←わづらはせ (wadurafase, 累はせ, historical)
Korean
Hanja
累 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 累 (luỵ, lủi, luỹ, mệt, luy)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading かさ-ねる
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