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U+53CB, 友
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CB

[U+53CA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53CC]
See also: and

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 29, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大水 (KE), four-corner 40047, composition 𠂇)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53CB

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𦫹
𦐮

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (hand) + (hand) – two right hands meeting in friendship. Also phono-semantic (形聲形声) , from (OC *ɢʷɯs).

Etymology

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Endoactive derivation of (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan གྲོགས (grogs, friend; companion) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • jau5-2 - “guy; bloke”.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (35)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuwX/
Li
Rong
/ɣiuX/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jau5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English friend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15596
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Definitions

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  1. friend; companion
      ―  hǎoyǒu  ―  good friend
    [Cantonese]  ―  bo1 jau5 [Jyutping]  ―  friend that someone often plays ball games with
  2. (literary) to make friends with
  3. (literary, chiefly among brothers) to love each other
  4. (in compounds) friendly
      ―  yǒubāng  ―  friendly nation
      ―  yǒujūn  ―  friendly forces
  5. (Cantonese, colloquial, somewhat impolite) guy; bloke (Classifier: c;  c;  c;  c)
    西裝西装 [Cantonese]  ―  sai1 zong1 jau5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  guy in a suit
    [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 ding1 jau5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  alone; by oneself
  6. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. friend

Readings

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  • Go-on: (u)
  • Kan-on: ゆう (, Jōyō)いう (iu, historical)
  • Kun: とも (tomo, , Jōyō)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
とも
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
とも
[noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal
[noun] member of the same category
Alternative spelling
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Proper noun

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(ゆう) (いう (Iu)?

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC hjuwX).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (beot u))

  1. hanja form? of (friend; companion)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.