地
Translingual
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Han character
地 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition ⿰土也)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 224, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
- Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
- Unihan data for U+5730
Chinese
trad. | 地 | |
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simp. # | 地 | |
alternative forms | 埊 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 地 | |||||
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Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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他 | *l̥ʰaːl |
拖 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls |
駞 | *l'aːl |
池 | *l'aːl, *l'al |
灺 | *ljalʔ |
鍦 | *ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals |
虵 | *ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal |
也 | *laːlʔ |
忚 | *hleːl |
髢 | *l'eːls |
杝 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal |
肔 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ |
馳 | *l'al |
阤 | *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ |
施 | *hljal, *hljals |
絁 | *hljal |
葹 | *hljal |
弛 | *hljalʔ |
箷 | *lal |
衪 | *lel, *lalʔ |
暆 | *lel |
迆 | *lal, *lalʔ |
酏 | *lal, *lalʔ |
匜 | *lal, *lalʔ |
迤 | *lalʔ |
扡 | *lalʔ |
崺 | *lalʔ |
貤 | *lals, *ɦljels, *lels |
地 | *l'els |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'els) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
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Definitions
- earth; ground
- land; field (Classifier: 塊/块 c; 笪 c)
- distance; separation
- farmland; field
- (only in compounds) place; location
- (only in compounds) status; situation
- (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”).
Compounds
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Etymology 2
Possibly the same word as 的, the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars like Lü (1943) and Yuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.
Alternatively, Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + 地 would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄉㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: de̊
- Wade–Giles: tê5
- Yale: de
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .de
- Palladius: дэ (dɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /d̥ə/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄉㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: di̊
- Wade–Giles: ti5
- Yale: di
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .di
- Palladius: ди (di)
- Sinological IPA (key): /d̥i/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dei6 / dei6-2
- Yale: deih / déi
- Cantonese Pinyin: dei6 / dei6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: déi6 / déi6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tei̯²²/, /tei̯²²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- dei6 - literary;
- dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.
Definitions
- (chiefly Mandarin) Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.
Usage notes
- The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
- On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without 地.
- However, there is an exception:
Compounds
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Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dei6-2
- Yale: déi
- Cantonese Pinyin: dei6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: déi6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tei̯²²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
- (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
Usage notes
- This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.
Compounds
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Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see 哋 (“Cantonese plurality marker”). (This character is a variant form of 哋). |
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
- 土地 (tochi): ground, land
- 地主 (jinushi)
- 地震 (jishin)
- 地下 (chika)
- 地上 (chijō)
- 地位 (chī)
- 地区 (chiku)
- 地域 (chīki)
- 地学 (chigaku)
- 地底 (chitei)
- 地形 (chikei)
- 地方 (chihō)
- 地点 (chiten)
- 地球 (chikyū)
- 地球 (chikyū)
- 地理 (chiri)
- 地盤 (chiban)
- 地租 (chiso)
- 地表 (chihyō)
- 天地 (tenchi): heaven and earth
- 天変地異 (tenpen chī): turmoil throughout heaven and earth
- 意地悪 (ijiwaru)
- 現在地 (genzaichi): current location, you are here
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
地 |
じ Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin dì.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- earth, dirt
- fabric, cloth
- 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan[1]::
- いくらか薄い地には相違なくっても暑いには極ってる。
- Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
- However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
- いくらか薄い地には相違なくっても暑いには極ってる。
- (go) territory
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
地 |
ち Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Hakka thi, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Min Nan tī.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- earth, land, ground
- a place, a region, a piece of land
- territory, dominion
- (of a crate, etc.) the bottom
Suffix
地 or 地 • (chi or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
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Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
地 |
つち Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese.[1][2]
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
- 土 (more common for this reading)
Noun
- earth, dirt, mud, soil
- the ground
- the earth (as opposed to the heavens)
- the ground or bottom of something (as of a price range)
References
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 地 (MC dijH). Recorded as Middle Korean 디〮 (tí) (Yale: ti) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
- 지경 (地境, jigyeong)
- 지계 (地階, jigye)
- 지구 (地區, jigu)
- 지구 (地球, jigu)
- 지대 (地帶, jidae)
- 지도 (地圖, jido)
- 지뢰 (地雷, jiroe)
- 지리 (地理, jiri)
- 지면 (地面, jimyeon)
- 지명 (地名, jimyeong)
- 지반 (地盤, jiban)
- 지방 (地方, jibang)
- 지세 (地勢, jise)
- 지역 (地域, jiyeok)
- 지옥 (地獄, jiok)
- 지위 (地位, jiwi)
- 지점 (地點, jijeom)
- 지조 (地租, jijo)
- 지주 (地主, jiju)
- 지지 (地支, jiji)
- 지지 (地誌, jiji)
- 지진 (地震, jijin)
- 지층 (地層, jicheung)
- 지하 (地下, jiha)
- 지협 (地峽, jihyeop)
- 지형 (地形, jihyeong)
- 고지 (高地, goji)
- 궁지 (窮地, gungji)
- 기지 (基地, giji)
- 단지 (團地, danji)
- 대지 (大地, daeji)
- 대지 (臺地, daeji)
- 묘지 (墓地, myoji)
- 번지 (番地, beonji)
- 부지 (敷地, buji)
- 성지 (聖地, seongji)
- 여지 (餘地, yeoji)
- 영지 (領地, yeongji)
- 오지 (奧地, oji)
- 용지 (用地, yongji)
- 육지 (陸地, yukji)
- 저지 (低地, jeoji)
- 적지 (赤地, jeokji)
- 진지 (陣地, jinji)
- 처지 (處地, cheoji)
- 천지 (天地, cheonji)
- 초지 (草地, choji)
- 토지 (土地, toji)
- 현지 (現地, hyeonji)
- 지구인 (地球人, jigu'in)
- 지도책 (地圖冊, jidochaek)
- 지리학 (地理學, jirihak)
- 지문학 (地文學, jimunhak)
- 지자기 (地磁氣, jijagi)
- 지정학 (地政學, jijeonghak)
- 지중해 (地中海, Jijunghae)
- 지진학 (地震學, jijinhak)
- 지질학 (地質學, jijilhak)
- 지하도 (地下道, jihado)
- 지하실 (地下室, jihasil)
- 지하철 (地下鐵, jihacheol)
- 굴지성 (屈地性, guljiseong)
- 근지점 (近地點, geunjijeom)
- 관광지 (觀光地, gwan'gwangji)
- 목적지 (目的地, mokjeokji)
- 목초지 (牧草地, mokchoji)
- 발상지 (發祥地, balsangji)
- 식민지 (植民地, singminji)
- 유적지 (遺跡地, yujeokji)
- 조차지 (租借地, jochaji)
- 중심지 (中心地, jungsimji)
- 진원지 (震源地, jinwonji)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
地: Hán Việt readings: địa[1][2][3]
地: Nôm readings: địa[1][2][3][4], đĩa[1][2], gịa[1], đất[2], rịa[3]
Compounds
References
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese nouns classified by 塊/块
- Chinese nouns classified by 笪
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Chinese short forms
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Chinese particles
- Mandarin particles
- Cantonese particles
- Hokkien particles
- Teochew particles
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 地
- Mandarin Chinese
- Chinese suffixes
- Cantonese suffixes
- Cantonese Chinese
- Chinese variant forms
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading じ
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぢ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ち
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading どま
- Japanese terms spelled with 地 read as じ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 地
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Go
- Japanese terms spelled with 地 read as ち
- Japanese terms spelled with 地 read as つち
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom