地

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

地 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 4411₂, composition ⿰土也)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 224, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
• Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5730

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Chinese

trad.		地
simp. #		地
alternative forms		埊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 地
Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
他	*l̥ʰaːl
拖	*l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls
駞	*l'aːl
池	*l'aːl, *l'al
灺	*ljalʔ
鍦	*ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals
虵	*ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal
也	*laːlʔ
忚	*hleːl
髢	*l'eːls
杝	*l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal
肔	*l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ
馳	*l'al
阤	*l'alʔ, *hljalʔ
施	*hljal, *hljals
絁	*hljal
葹	*hljal
弛	*hljalʔ
箷	*lal
衪	*lel, *lalʔ
暆	*lel
迆	*lal, *lalʔ
酏	*lal, *lalʔ
匜	*lal, *lalʔ
迤	*lalʔ
扡	*lalʔ
崺	*lalʔ
貤	*lals, *ɦljels, *lels
地	*l'els

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'els) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 地

1. earth; ground

   • 這匹馬倒在地上。 [MSC, trad.]
     这匹马倒在地上。 [MSC, simp.]

     Zhè pǐ mǎ dǎo zài dìshang. [Pinyin]

     The horse collapsed to the ground.

2. land; field (Classifier: 塊／块 c; 笪 c)
   • 呢塊地／呢块地 [Cantonese]  ―  nei¹ faai³ dei⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  this plot of land
3. distance; separation

   • 車站離這三里地。 [MSC, trad.]
     车站离这三里地。 [MSC, simp.]

     Chēzhàn lí zhè sān lǐ dì. [Pinyin]

     The bus stop is three miles away.

4. farmland; field
   • 田間地頭／田间地头  ―  tiánjiān dìtóu  ―  farmland
   • 下地幹活／下地干活  ―  xiàdì gànhuó  ―  to farm
5. (only in compounds) place; location
   • 本地  ―  běndì  ―  local
   • 地處／地处  ―  dìchǔ  ―  located in
6. (only in compounds) status; situation
   • 心地  ―  xīndì  ―  mind
   • 見地／见地  ―  jiàndì  ―  perspective, opinion
7. (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”).
   • 地日距離／地日距离  ―  dì rì jùlí  ―  Earth–Sun distance
   • 類地行星／类地行星  ―  lèi dì xíngxīng  ―  terrestrial planet

Etymology 2

Possibly the same word as 的, the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars like Lü (1943) and Yuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.

Alternatively, Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + 地 would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): de, di (de⁵／de⁰, di⁵／di⁰)

  (Zhuyin): ˙ㄉㄜ, ˙ㄉㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dei⁶ / dei^6-2
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tē

  (Teochew, Peng'im): di⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: de
    • Zhuyin: ˙ㄉㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: de̊
    • Wade–Giles: tê⁵
    • Yale: de
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .de
    • Palladius: дэ (dɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ə/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: di
    • Zhuyin: ˙ㄉㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: di̊
    • Wade–Giles: ti⁵
    • Yale: di
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .di
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥i/

Note: di is used in poetry, songs.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dei⁶ / dei^6-2
    • Yale: deih / déi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dei⁶ / dei^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: déi⁶ / déi^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tei̯²²/, /tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

Note:

• dei6 - literary;
• dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē
    • Tâi-lô: tē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: de
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: di⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 地

1. (chiefly Mandarin) Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.

   很快地  ―  hěn kuài de  ―  very quickly

   佢偷偷地走咗喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   keoi⁵ tau¹ tau¹ dei^6-2 zau² zo² laa³. [Jyutping]

   He secretly left.

   • 你乖乖地坐喺度喇吓。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

     nei⁵ gwaai¹ gwaai¹ dei^6-2 co⁵ hai² dou⁶ laa³ haa². [Jyutping]

     Sit here and behave, ok?

   alt. forms: 的, 底 obsolete

Usage notes

• The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.

  非常短  ―  fēicháng duǎn  ―  very short

  非常地短  ―  fēicháng de duǎn  ―  very short

• On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without 地.

  很漂亮  ―  hěn piàoliang  ―  very beautiful (where *很地漂亮 is unacceptable)

  倏地不見／倏地不见  ―  shū de bùjiàn  ―  to disappear suddenly (where *倏不見 is unacceptable in Modern Standard Chinese)

• However, there is an exception:

  猛回頭／猛回头  ―  měng huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly

  猛地回頭／猛地回头  ―  měng de huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dei^6-2

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dei^6-2
    • Yale: déi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dei^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: déi^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 地

1. (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.

   紅紅地／红红地 [Cantonese]  ―  hung⁴ hung^4-2 dei^6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of red

   薄薄地 [Cantonese]  ―  bok⁶ bok^6-2 dei^6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of thin

   驚驚地／惊惊地 [Cantonese]  ―  geng¹ geng¹ dei^6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to be kind of scared

   矮矮地 [Cantonese]  ―  ai² ai² dei^6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of short

Usage notes

• This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see 哋 (“Cantonese plurality marker”). (This character is a variant form of 哋).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

地

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

1. earth; ground

Readings

• Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)^{←ぢ (di, historical)}
• Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 地)
• Nanori: どま (doma)

Compounds

• 土(と)地(ち) (tochi): ground, land
• 地(じ)主(ぬし) (jinushi)
• 地(じ)震(しん) (jishin)
• 地(ち)下(か) (chika)
• 地(ち)上(じょう) (chijō)
• 地(ち)位(い) (chī)
• 地(ち)区(く) (chiku)
• 地(ち)域(いき) (chīki)
• 地(ち)学(がく) (chigaku)
• 地(ち)底(てい) (chitei)
• 地(ち)形(けい) (chikei)
• 地(ち)方(ほう) (chihō)
• 地(ち)点(てん) (chiten)
• 地(ち)球(きゅう) (chikyū)
• 地(ち)球(きゅう) (chikyū)
• 地(ち)理(り) (chiri)
• 地(ち)盤(ばん) (chiban)
• 地(ち)租(そ) (chiso)
• 地(ち)表(ひょう) (chihyō)
• 天(てん)地(ち) (tenchi): heaven and earth
• 天(てん)変(ぺん)地(ち)異(い) (tenpen chī): turmoil throughout heaven and earth
• 意(い)地(じ)悪(わる) (ijiwaru)
• 現(げん)在(ざい)地(ち) (genzaichi): current location, you are here

 

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
地
じ Grade: 2
on'yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 地 (dij^H). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin dì.

Noun

地(じ) • (ji) ^{←ぢ (di)?}

1. earth, dirt
2. fabric, cloth
   • 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan‎^[1]:
     :

     いくらか薄(うす)い地(じ)には相違(そうい)なくっても暑(あつ)いには極(きま)ってる。

     Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.

     However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.

3. (go) territory

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
地
ち Grade: 2
on'yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 地 (dij^H). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Hakka thi, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Min Nan tī.

Noun

地(ち) • (chi) 

1. earth, land, ground
2. a place, a region, a piece of land
3. territory, dominion
4. (of a crate, etc.) the bottom

Suffix

地(ち) or 地(suffix) • (chi or suffix) [[Category:Japanese
|ち]]

1. place, area

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
地
つち Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

• 土 (more common for this reading)

Noun

地(つち) • (tsuchi) 

1. earth, dirt, mud, soil
2. the ground
3. the earth (as opposed to the heavens)
4. the ground or bottom of something (as of a price range)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 地 (MC dijH). Recorded as Middle Korean 디〮 (tí) (Yale: ti) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

地 (eumhun 땅 지 (ttang ji))

1. hanja form^? of 지 (“earth; land; ground”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 지경 (地境, jigyeong)
• 지계 (地階, jigye)
• 지구 (地區, jigu)
• 지구 (地球, jigu)
• 지대 (地帶, jidae)
• 지도 (地圖, jido)
• 지뢰 (地雷, jiroe)
• 지리 (地理, jiri)
• 지면 (地面, jimyeon)
• 지명 (地名, jimyeong)
• 지반 (地盤, jiban)
• 지방 (地方, jibang)
• 지세 (地勢, jise)
• 지역 (地域, jiyeok)
• 지옥 (地獄, jiok)
• 지위 (地位, jiwi)
• 지점 (地點, jijeom)
• 지조 (地租, jijo)
• 지주 (地主, jiju)
• 지지 (地支, jiji)
• 지지 (地誌, jiji)
• 지진 (地震, jijin)
• 지층 (地層, jicheung)
• 지하 (地下, jiha)
• 지협 (地峽, jihyeop)
• 지형 (地形, jihyeong)
• 고지 (高地, goji)
• 궁지 (窮地, gungji)
• 기지 (基地, giji)
• 단지 (團地, danji)
• 대지 (大地, daeji)
• 대지 (臺地, daeji)
• 묘지 (墓地, myoji)
• 번지 (番地, beonji)
• 부지 (敷地, buji)
• 성지 (聖地, seongji)
• 여지 (餘地, yeoji)
• 영지 (領地, yeongji)
• 오지 (奧地, oji)
• 용지 (用地, yongji)
• 육지 (陸地, yukji)
• 저지 (低地, jeoji)
• 적지 (赤地, jeokji)
• 진지 (陣地, jinji)
• 처지 (處地, cheoji)
• 천지 (天地, cheonji)
• 초지 (草地, choji)
• 토지 (土地, toji)
• 현지 (現地, hyeonji)
• 지구인 (地球人, jigu'in)
• 지도책 (地圖冊, jidochaek)
• 지리학 (地理學, jirihak)
• 지문학 (地文學, jimunhak)
• 지자기 (地磁氣, jijagi)
• 지정학 (地政學, jijeonghak)
• 지중해 (地中海, Jijunghae)
• 지진학 (地震學, jijinhak)
• 지질학 (地質學, jijilhak)
• 지하도 (地下道, jihado)
• 지하실 (地下室, jihasil)
• 지하철 (地下鐵, jihacheol)
• 굴지성 (屈地性, guljiseong)
• 근지점 (近地點, geunjijeom)
• 관광지 (觀光地, gwan'gwangji)
• 목적지 (目的地, mokjeokji)
• 목초지 (牧草地, mokchoji)
• 발상지 (發祥地, balsangji)
• 식민지 (植民地, singminji)
• 유적지 (遺跡地, yujeokji)
• 조차지 (租借地, jochaji)
• 중심지 (中心地, jungsimji)
• 진원지 (震源地, jinwonji)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

地: Hán Việt readings: địa
地: Nôm readings: địa, đĩa, gịa, đất, rịa

1. chữ Hán form of địa (“earth; ground; land”).

Compounds

• 地中海 (Địa Trung Hải)
• 地圖 (địa đồ)
• 地址 (địa chỉ)
• 地支 (Địa Chi)
• 地方 (địa phương)
• 地獄 (địa ngục)
• 地球 (Địa Cầu / địa cầu)
• 地理 (địa lí / địa lý)
• 地盤 (địa bàn)
• 地震 (địa chấn)
• 地點 (địa điểm)