洗
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]洗 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水竹土山 (EHGU), four-corner 34111, composition ⿰氵先)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17379
- Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1608, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6D17
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sɯːlʔ, *sɯːnʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 先 (OC *sɯːn, *sɯːns).
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/b-s(j)il ~ *m/b-sjal (“to wash; to bathe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བསིལ (bsil, “to wash”), Mizo sil (“to wash”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
洗 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 洒 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xi3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xi2
- Northern Min (KCR): sǎi
- Eastern Min (BUC): sā̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
- Wade–Giles: hsi3
- Yale: syǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xi3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sai2
- Yale: sái
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai2
- Guangdong Romanization: sei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sé
- Hakka Romanization System: seˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: se3
- Sinological IPA: /se³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xi2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕi⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sǎi
- Sinological IPA (key): /sai²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sā̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- sóe - colloquial;
- sé - literary.
- Middle Chinese: sejX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤərʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːlʔ/
Definitions
[edit]洗
- to wash; to rinse
- to clean; to purify
- to redress; to right
- (religion) baptism
- 洗禮/洗礼 ― xǐlǐ ― baptism
- 施洗 ― shīxǐ ― to administer baptism; to baptize
- 受洗 ― shòuxǐ ― to receive baptism; to be baptized
- 保羅說:「這樣,你們受的是甚麼洗呢?」他們說:「是約翰的洗。」 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 使徒行傳 (Acts) 19:3
- Bǎoluó shuō: “Zhèyàng, nǐmen shòu de shì shènme xǐ ne?” Tāmen shuō: “Shì Yuēhàn de xǐ.” [Pinyin]
- He said, “Into what then were you baptized?” They said, “Into John’s baptism.”
保罗说:「这样,你们受的是什么洗呢?」他们说:「是约翰的洗。」 [MSC, simp.]
- to kill and loot; to sack
- (photography) to develop (a photo)
- (photography, figurative, colloquial) to print (a photo) from digital camera
- to clear; to erase (a recording, a file, etc.)
- (card games) to shuffle
- (derogatory) to whitewash
- 管不了是一回事,遇到有人報案,警察就有義務去核實事情的真實性,這個是連立案都沒有!瀆職是沒得洗了! [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2020 December 2, 马马 (username), comment on the answer from 百安居 (username) to the question “如何看待山东一成年公民疑似被亲属雇佣「假警察」强制送到戒网瘾机构,进行非法拘禁和强制「医疗」?”, on Zhihu
- Guǎn bù le shì yīhuíshì, yùdào yǒurén bào'àn, jǐngchá jiù yǒu yìwù qù héshí shìqíng de zhēnshíxìng, zhège shì lián lì'àn dōu méiyǒu! Dúzhí shì méi dé xǐ le! [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
管不了是一回事,遇到有人报案,警察就有义务去核实事情的真实性,这个是连立案都没有!渎职是没得洗了! [MSC, simp.]
- (Northern Min) to give birth to; to beget
- 亞伯拉罕洗以撒;以撒洗雅各;雅各洗猶大邀猶大其兄弟 [Northern Min, trad.]
- From: 1896, Séng Iŏ̤ Cṳ̌ing Sṳ́: Gṳ̄ing-nǎing Hǔ gâ̤ Tǔ-kióng (Lô̤-mǎ Cī), Mǎ-tuo̿i Hŭ-éng 1:2
- Ngā-bă-là-hǎng sǎi Ì-să; Ì-să sǎi Ngǎ-gŏ̤; Ngǎ-gŏ̤ sǎi Iǔ-duōi iáu Iǔ-duōi gâ̤ hiáng-dī [Kienning Colloquial Romanized]
- Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren
亚伯拉罕洗以撒;以撒洗雅各;雅各洗犹大邀犹大其兄弟 [Northern Min, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- (to wash):
Dialectal synonyms of 洗 (“to wash”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 生 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 生 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 生 |
Singapore | 生 | |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 生 |
Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 生 |
Ürümqi | 生 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 生 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 生, 臊 |
Hong Kong | 生, 臊 | |
Dongguan | 生 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 生 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 生 |
Huizhou | Jixi | 生 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 生 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 洗 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 生 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 生 |
Quanzhou | 生 | |
Zhangzhou | 生 | |
Tainan | 生 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 生 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 生 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 生 | |
Haikou | 生 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 養 especially of human beings, 生 |
Suzhou | 養 especially of human beings, 生 | |
Wenzhou | 生 | |
Jinhua | 生 | |
Xiang | Loudi | 生 |
Compounds
[edit]- 一貧如洗/一贫如洗 (yīpínrúxǐ)
- 乾洗/干洗 (gānxǐ)
- 以血洗血 (yǐxuèxǐxuè)
- 伐毛洗髓
- 免洗餐具
- 刷洗
- 刮腸洗胃/刮肠洗胃
- 剾洗/𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Min Nan)
- 受洗 (shòuxǐ)
- 囊空如洗
- 家貧如洗/家贫如洗
- 拆洗 (chāixǐ)
- 擦洗 (cāxǐ)
- 梳洗 (shūxǐ)
- 水洗 (shuǐxǐ)
- 沖洗/冲洗 (chōngxǐ)
- 洗三
- 洗兵
- 洗出作用
- 洗刮
- 洗刷 (xǐshuā)
- 洗削更革
- 洗剝/洗剥
- 洗劫 (xǐjié)
- 洗印 (xǐyìn)
- 洗城
- 洗垢匿瑕
- 洗垢尋痕/洗垢寻痕
- 洗垢求瘢
- 洗垢索瘢
- 洗塵/洗尘 (xǐchén)
- 洗心
- 洗心換骨/洗心换骨
- 洗心滌慮/洗心涤虑
- 洗心自新
- 洗心革志
- 洗心革意
- 洗心革面 (xǐxīngémiàn)
- 洗手 (xǐshǒu)
- 洗手不幹/洗手不干
- 洗手奉職/洗手奉职
- 洗手池 (xǐshǒuchí)
- 洗手錢/洗手钱
- 洗手間/洗手间 (xǐshǒujiān)
- 洗拂
- 洗拭
- 洗換/洗换
- 洗泥
- 洗淨/洗净 (xǐjìng)
- 洗清
- 洗淨鉛華/洗净铅华
- 洗溝球/洗沟球
- 洗滌/洗涤 (xǐdí)
- 洗澡 (xǐzǎo)
- 洗濯 (xǐzhuó)
- 洗煤
- 洗燙/洗烫
- 洗牌 (xǐpái)
- 洗牙 (xǐyá)
- 洗盞更酌/洗盏更酌
- 洗盤/洗盘
- 洗盪/洗荡 (xǐdàng)
- 洗眼 (xǐyǎn)
- 洗石
- 洗碗機/洗碗机 (xǐwǎnjī)
- 洗禮/洗礼 (xǐlǐ)
- 洗練/洗练 (xǐliàn)
- 洗耳
- 洗耳恭聽/洗耳恭听 (xǐ'ěrgōngtīng)
- 洗耳拱聽/洗耳拱听
- 洗耳諦聽/洗耳谛听
- 洗胃 (xǐwèi)
- 洗脫/洗脱 (xǐtuō)
- 洗腎/洗肾 (xǐshèn)
- 洗腦/洗脑 (xǐnǎo)
- 洗臉/洗脸 (xǐliǎn)
- 洗衣板 (xǐyībǎn)
- 洗衣機/洗衣机 (xǐyījī)
- 洗衣粉 (xǐyīfěn)
- 洗衫 (sai2 saam1)
- 洗錢/洗钱 (xǐqián)
- 洗鍊/洗炼 (xǐliàn)
- 洗雪 (xǐxuě)
- 洗面 (xǐmiàn)
- 洗面皂
- 洗面革心
- 洗頭/洗头 (xǐtóu)
- 洗髮劑/洗发剂 (xǐfàjì)
- 洗髮水/洗发水 (xǐfàshuǐ)
- 洗髮精/洗发精 (xǐfàjīng)
- 淘洗
- 清洗 (qīngxǐ)
- 清貧如洗/清贫如洗
- 湔洗
- 漿洗/浆洗 (jiāngxǐ)
- 漂洗 (piǎoxǐ)
- 漱洗
- 濯纓洗耳/濯缨洗耳
- 盥洗 (guànxǐ)
- 盥洗室 (guànxǐshì)
- 盥洗盆 (guànxǐpén)
- 眼淚洗面/眼泪洗面
- 筆洗/笔洗 (bǐxǐ)
- 聖洗/圣洗 (shèngxǐ)
- 血洗 (xuèxǐ)
- 許由洗耳/许由洗耳
- 貓兒洗臉/猫儿洗脸
- 赤貧如洗/赤贫如洗
- 身貧如洗/身贫如洗
- 金盆洗手 (jīnpénxǐshǒu)
- 革面洗心 (gémiànxǐxīn)
- 領洗/领洗 (lǐngxǐ)
- 飲灰洗胃/饮灰洗胃
Pronunciation 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
洗 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 冼 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎn
- Wade–Giles: hsien3
- Yale: syǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shean
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin2
- Yale: sín
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin2
- Guangdong Romanization: xin2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: senX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sˤərʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːnʔ/
Definitions
[edit]洗
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
洗 |
---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sai2
- Yale: sái
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai2
- Guangdong Romanization: sei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]洗
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 洗 – see 㭠 (“large jujube”). (This character is a variant form of 㭠). |
Etymology 4
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 洗 – see 洒 (“respectful; fearful”). (This character is a variant form of 洒). |
References
[edit]- “洗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]洗
- to wash
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]洗: Hán Nôm readings: tẩy, dẫy, giẫy, rải, rảy, tiển
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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