鬱

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See also: 鬰, 欝, and 郁
鬱 U+9B31, 鬱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B31
← 鬰
[U+9B30] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鬲 →
[U+9B32]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

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鬱 (Kangxi radical 192, 鬯+19, 29 strokes, cangjie input 木木月山竹 (DDBUH), four-corner 44722, composition ⿳⿲木缶木冖⿰鬯彡)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1458, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45671
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1990, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 858, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+9B31

Chinese

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trad. 鬱
simp. 郁*
alternative forms
鬰
欝／郁
灪
宛
玉
鬰
欝／郁
灪
宛
玉
𣠈
𣡇
𣡡
𣡸
𦉚
𩏴
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鬱
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (鬱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鬱 *qud
欝 *qud
灪 *qud
爩 *qud

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : A person 大 (now 缶) stepping on another 勹 (now 冖) in a forest 林 – melancholy; depression. The later inclusion of 鬯 (“aromatic wine”) is because 鬱 was borrowed to represent fragrant herbs or wine flavored with vanilla (“tulip”). 彡 are simply decorative strokes.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 鬱
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 物 (60)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 紆物切
Baxter 'jut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨut̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiut̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔut̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiuət̚/
Wang
Li 		/ĭuət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯uət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鬱
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjut ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qut/
English blocked; anxious

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鬱
Reading # 1/1
No. 16057
Phonetic
component 		鬱
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		鬱
Old
Chinese 		/*qud/

Definitions

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鬱

  1. lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick
    蔥鬱／葱郁  ―  cōngyù  ―  verdant
  2. depressed; gloomy; moody
    憂鬱／忧郁  ―  yōuyù  ―  depressed
  3. to gather; to build up; to stagnate; to become stagnant
    鬱結／郁结  ―  yùjié  ―  to be pent up
    鬱熱／郁热  ―  yùrè  ―  hot and suffocating
  4. to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved
  5. various; abundant; profuse
  6. deep; obscure; profound
  7. melancholy; depression
  8. hot air (rising); steam
  9. a kind of plum
  10. name of a god
  11. tall and big
  12. putrid; putrefied
  13. tulip; fragrant grass
    alt. forms: 𩰪 (yù), 䖇 (yù)
  14. (～水) name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong
  15. (～郡) name of an ancient Chinese prefecture
  16. (Hokkien) to suppress one's feelings; to hold back one's emotions (of worry, anger, etc.)
    心事無人知，我鬱甲真艱苦的。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    心事无人知，我郁甲真艰苦的。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Sim-sū bô lâng chai, góa ut kah chin kan-khó͘ ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    No one know's the stuff that's weighing on my mind, and I've been suppressing to the point of having a difficult time.
  17. (Hokkien) to bend; to coil; to twist
    鐵板予伊鬱彎。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    铁板予伊郁弯。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Thih-pán hō͘ i ut oan. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Bend the iron plate.
    竹仔鬱予伊曲。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    竹仔郁予伊曲。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Tek-á ut hō͘ i khiau. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Coil the bamboo to make it bent.
  18. (Hokkien) to curl up; to roll up
    伊規日鬱佇厝內。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊规日郁伫厝内。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I kui-li̍t ut tī chhù-lāi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He's curled up at home all day.
  19. (Mainland China Hokkien) to cause someone to feel wronged
    伊予人拗鬱去。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊予人拗郁去。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I hō͘ lâng áu-ut khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He has been wronged by someone.
    伊佇恁遐鬱甲真艱難。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊伫恁遐郁甲真艰难。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I tī lín hiâ ut kah chin kan-lân. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He was wronged by your side and is having a really hard time.
  20. (Mainland China Hokkien) to constrain oneself to work
    一日鬱咧寫，若無運動運動，人會激病。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    一日郁咧写，若无运动运动，人会激病。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Chi̍t-li̍t ut leh siá, nā bô ūn-tōng ūn-tōng, lâng ē kek pīⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    If someone doesn't exercise and just works on writing all day, they'll get sick.
  21. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to restrain; to hold back; to constrain
    鬱死人的才調 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    郁死人的才调 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    ut sí lâng ê châi-tiāu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    to restrain someone's ability
  22. a surname

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
(extended)

欝

Kyūjitai

鬱

Kanji

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鬱

(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 欝)

  1. depression, gloom, melancholy

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Trivia

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鬱 has, at 29 strokes, the most strokes of any kanji in the jōyō kanji list or kanji kentei level 2.[1] The next highest kanji in the jōyō list is 鑑, at 23 strokes.

Prior to the Japanese script reform, this character was handwritten as 欝 using 25 strokes, similar to how "令" is often written differently in handwriting. However, after the reform, the character was excluded from the official lists. In 2010, only the print form was included in the new jōyō kanji list, and it is today taught to be written like the print form instead of like 欝 .

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
鬱
うつ
Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
欝

From Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC 'jut).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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鬱(うつ) • (utsu) -na (adnominal 鬱(うつ)な (utsu na), adverbial 鬱(うつ)に (utsu ni))

  1. depressing
    鬱(うつ)な曲(きょく)
    utsu na kyoku
    depressing song
  2. depressed
    鬱(うつ)な気(き)分(ぶん)
    utsu na kibun
    gloomy mood
    鬱(うつ)になりそう
    utsu ni narisō
    to be almost depressed about something

Noun

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鬱(うつ) • (utsu) 

  1. (psychiatry) depression
    鬱(うつ)を克(こく)服(ふく)する
    utsu o kokufuku suru
    overcome depression

Synonyms

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Affix

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鬱(うつ) • (utsu) 

  1. dense (growth); lush; luxuriant
  2. accumulate; stagnate
  3. depression; gloom; melancholy

References

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  1. ^ Crazy kanji: what’s the highest stroke count?, Nihonshock, 2009 Oct 22
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC 'jut).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

鬱 (eumhun 답답할 울 (dapdaphal ul))

  1. hanja form? of 울 (“stuffy; stifling; suffocating”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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鬱: Hán Nôm readings: uất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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