丁

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

丁 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一弓 (MN), four-corner 1020₀, composition ⿱一亅)

Derived characters

• 仃, 㓅, 叮, 圢, 奵, 帄, 㣔, 忊, 打, 汀, 𭷸, 䦺, 朾, 灯, 玎, 町, 盯, 矴, 糽, 耓, 耵, 虰, 訂(订), 䟓, 酊, 釘(钉), 靪, 飣(饤), 䰳, 邒, 𤆉, 㼗, 頂(顶), 𩾚, 亍, 宁, 艼, 甼, 䆑, 亭, 閅, 寧, 厅, 庁, 疔, 㐉, 𭴀

Further reading

Wikisource

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 75, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2
• Dae Jaweon: page 135, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 2, character 5
• Unihan data for U+4E01

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		丁
alternative forms		𠆤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丁
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)	Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script	Ming typeface
Oracle bone script j30153 j30154 j30155 j30156 j30157 j30158 j30159 j30160 j30161 j30162 j30163 j30164 j30165 j30166 j30167 j30168 j30169 j30170 j30171 j30172 j30173 j30174 j30175 j30176 j30177 j30178 j30179 j30180 j30181 j30182 j30183 j30184 j30185 j30186 j30187 j30188 j30189 j30190 j30191 j30192 j30193 j30194 j30195 j30196 j30197 j30198 j30199 j30200 j30201 j30202 j30203 j30204 j30205 j30206 j30207 j30208 j30209 j30210 j30211 j30212 j30213 j30214 j30215 j30216 j30217 j30218 j30219 j30220 j30221 j30222 j30223 j30224 j30225 j30226 j30227 j30228 j30229 j30230 j30231 j30232 j30233 j30234 j30235 j30236 j30237 j30238 j30239 j30240 j30241 j30242 j30243 j30244 j30245 j30246 j30247 j30248 j30249 j30250 j30251 j30252 j30253 j30254 j30255 j30256 j30257 j30258 j30259 j30260 j30261 j30262 j30263 j30264 j30265 j30266 j30267 j30268 j30269 j30270 j30271 j30272 j30273 j30274 j30275 j30276 j30277 j30278 j30279 j30280 j30281 j30282 j30283 j30284 j30285 j30286 j30287 j30288 j30289 j30290 j30291 j30292 j30293 Bronze inscriptions b20292 b20293 b20294 b20295 b20296 b20297 b20298 b20299 b20300 b20301 b20302 b20303 b20304 b20305 b20306 b20307 b20308 b20309 b20310 b20311 b20312 b20313 b20314 b20315 b20316 Small seal script s10946 Transcribed ancient scripts L33441 L33442 L33443 L33444 L33445 L33446 L33447 L33448 L33449 L33450 L33451 L11338 L11339 L11340 L11341 L11342 L11343 L11344 L11345 L11346 L11347 L11348 L11349 L11350 L11351 L11352
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
圢	*tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ
町	*tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ
打	*rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ
盯	*rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ
朾	*rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ
丁	*rteːŋ, *teːŋ
玎	*rteːŋ, *teːŋ
虰	*rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ
揨	*rdeːŋ
釘	*teːŋ, *teːŋs
靪	*teːŋ, *teːŋʔ
仃	*teːŋ
叮	*teːŋ
疔	*teːŋ
頂	*teːŋʔ
奵	*teːŋʔ
耵	*teːŋʔ
酊	*teːŋʔ
葶	*teːŋʔ, *deːŋ
矴	*teːŋs
訂	*teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ
飣	*teːŋs
汀	*tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs
艼	*tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ
庁	*tʰeːŋ
婷	*deːŋ
停	*deːŋ
聤	*deːŋ
渟	*deːŋ
楟	*deːŋ
亭	*deːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – a nail. The derivative 釘 is now used to represent this sense.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dīng (ding¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ding¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): diang¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tên
• Jin (Wiktionary): ding¹
• Northern Min (KCR): dáing
• Eastern Min (BUC): dĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): teng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dêng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹tin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): din¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ding
    • Wade–Giles: ting¹
    • Yale: dīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ding
    • Palladius: дин (din)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ding¹
    • Yale: dīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ding¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ding¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: diang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiaŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tên
    • Hakka Romanization System: den´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: den¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ten²⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ding¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tĩŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dáing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teng
    • Tâi-lô: ting
    • Phofsit Daibuun: defng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: teng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /teŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹tin
    • MiniDict: tin^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tin⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: din¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tin³³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 丁 (姓丁)
Mandarin	Beijing	/tiŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tiŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/tiŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tiŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tiŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tiŋ²¹/
	Xining	/tiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/tin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/tin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/tin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/tĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/tin³¹/
	Hefei	/tin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/tiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/tin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/tin³³/
	Wenzhou	/teŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tiʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/tɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tin³³/
	Xiangtan	/tin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tiɑŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/ten⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/ten²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/teŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/teŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tiŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tiŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/taiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/teŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdeŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: teng

Rime
Character	丁
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	當經切
Baxter	teng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/teŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/teŋ/
Wang Li	/tieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ding1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤeŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*teːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丁	丁
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dīng	dīng
Middle Chinese	‹ teng ›	‹ teng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁeŋ/	/*tˁeŋ/
English	4th heavenly stem	nail (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丁
Reading #	2/2
No.	2378
Phonetic component	丁
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	丁
Old Chinese	/*teːŋ/
Notes	釘（鋌塊）初文

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 丁

1. the fourth of the ten heavenly stems
2. fourth

   丁烷  ―  dīngwán  ―  butane (fourth alkane)

3. robust; vigorous
4. male adult; man

   壯丁／壮丁  ―  zhuàngdīng  ―  able-bodied man

5. person; may specifically refer to member of a family

   人丁  ―  réndīng  ―  person

6. small cube
7. a surname

Coordinate terms

• Template:list:heavenly stems/zh

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhēng (zheng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaang¹ / zang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jheng
    • Wade–Giles: chêng¹
    • Yale: jēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeng
    • Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaang¹ / zang¹
    • Yale: jāang / jāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaang¹ / dzang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zang¹ / zeng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: treang

Rime
Character	丁
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	中莖切
Baxter	treang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶæŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zang1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤreŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rteːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丁
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēng
Middle Chinese	‹ trɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁreŋ/
English	sound of beating
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丁
Reading #	1/2
No.	2372
Phonetic component	丁
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朾
Old Chinese	/*rteːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 丁

1. Only used in 丁丁 (zhēngzhēng).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 叮 (“to sting; to bite; to advise; to urge; to repeat what one says to make sure; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 叮).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 盯 (“to gaze upon; to keep eyes on; to stare at”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 盯).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 釘 (“gold slab; nail; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 釘).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 靪 (“to resole a shoe; patch; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 靪).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #46”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

丁

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. leaf, block, classifier for cake
2. something D
   1. fourth in rank
3. street
4. even

Readings

• Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←ちやう (tyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)^{←てい (tei, historical)}
• Kun: ひのと (hinoto, 丁)

As in the onomatopoeia 丁丁:

• Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←ちやう (tyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}

Compounds

• 一丁(いっちょう) (itchō)
• 丁度(ちょうど) (chōdo, “just”)
• 丁重(ていちょう) (teichō)
• 丁寧(ていねい) (teinei)
• 符(ふ)丁(ちょう) (fuchō)
• 庖丁(ほうちょう) (hōchō), 包丁(ほうちょう) (hōchō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
丁
てい Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 丁 (teng)

Pronunciation

• Homophones: 氐, 体, 態, 弟, 底, 貞, 艇, 鼎, 禘

Proper noun

丁(てい) • (Tei) 

1. something D
   1. fourth in rank

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
丁
ちょう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

丁(ちょう) • (chō) 

1. street, district

   北-八番(きたはちばん)-丁(ちょう)

   kita-hachiban-chō

   northern eighth district

   ぶらくり丁(ちょう)

   burakuri-chō

   Burakuri street

2. even (especially of dice)

   丁(ちょう)か半(はん)か

   chō ka han ka

   even or odd

   • Antonyms: 半(はん) (han, “odd”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
丁
ひのと Grade: 3
kun’yomi

火 (hi, “fire”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Proper noun

丁(ひのと) • (Hinoto) 

1. the fourth of the ten Heavenly Stems

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Korean

Hanja

丁 (eumhun 고무래 정 (gomurae jeong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

丁 (eumhun 장정 정 (jangjeong jeong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丁

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Vietnamese

Han character

丁: Hán Việt readings: đinh (當(đáng)經(kinh)切(thiết))
丁: Nôm readings: đứa, đinh, đềnh, tênh, tranh, đĩnh

1. Template:han tu form of
2. Template:han tu form of
3. Template:Nom form of

Compounds

Compounds

• 丁𡥵 (đứa con, “child”)
• 家丁 (gia đinh)